Question 1

While some psychologists engage in research, many psychologists, such as _____, are involved in clinical and other work focused on helping people dealing with family or career issues.&#10;A)counseling psychologists&#10;B)social psychologists&#10;C)school psychologists&#10;D)neuropsychologists

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychologists typically provide therapy and counseling services to individuals and couples dealing with personal or career-related issues. Social psychologists focus on how individuals interact with each other in social settings, while school psychologists work in educational settings. Neuropsychologists specialize in assessing and treating individuals with neurological disorders.

Question 2

The functionalism of William James was most influenced by the work of:&#10;A)Edward Titchener&#10;B)Sigmund Freud&#10;C)Ivan Pavlov&#10;D)Charles Darwin

Accepted Answer

William James was heavily influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, particularly the idea of natural selection. James believed that mental processes evolved to help individuals adapt to their environments, and that consciousness was a tool for this adaptation. He also believed that consciousness was a continuous stream of subjective experiences, rather than a collection of isolated sensations, which differentiated him from his contemporary Edward Titchener, who supported structuralism. James was not particularly influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud or Ivan Pavlov.

Question 3

The most commonly awarded PhD in psychology is in which specialty area?&#10;A)social psychology&#10;B)counseling psychology&#10;C)clinical psychology&#10;D)neuroscience

Accepted Answer

The most commonly awarded PhD in psychology is in clinical psychology, followed closely by counseling psychology. This is likely due to the high demand for mental health professionals in both research and clinical settings.

Question 4

Scientists such as Max Wertheimer, Frederic Bartlett, Jean Piaget, and Kurt Lewin paved the way for _____ by renewing interest in phenomena such as perception, memory, and subjective experiences.&#10;A)behaviorism&#10;B)clinical psychology&#10;C)cognitive psychology&#10;D)behavioral neuroscience

Accepted Answer

The scientists mentioned, Max Wertheimer, Frederic Bartlett, Jean Piaget, and Kurt Lewin, were all instrumental in the development of cognitive psychology, which is focused on mental processes such as perception, memory, and thinking. They emphasized the importance of subjective experiences and internal mental processes, which is the main focus of cognitive psychology.

Question 5

Social psychology examines issues such as conformity, racism, and stereotyping by:&#10;A)focusing on the physical environment in which people grew up.&#10;B)accounting for people's cultural background and personal beliefs.&#10;C)localizing regions of the brain responsible for these issues.&#10;D)considering the effects of other people on our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Social psychology is the study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Therefore, the best answer is D, as it refers to the effects of other people on issues such as conformity, racism, and stereotyping. Options A and C do not relate to social psychology, while option B is also not an accurate representation of the scope of the field.

Question 6

Although the overall theory was incorrect, _____ was one of the first theories to propose that certain traits are localized in specific regions of the brain.&#10;A)stimulus-response theory&#10;B)phrenology&#10;C)dualism&#10;D)psychoanalysis

Accepted Answer

Phrenology was one of the first theories to propose that certain traits are localized in specific regions of the brain. However, the overall theory of phrenology has been discredited as it was based on the false assumption that bumps on the skull could reveal a person's personality traits.

Question 7

Someone who takes a cultural absolutist stance on the issue of arranged marriages and marital satisfaction might state that:&#10;A)arranged marriages are morally wrong and typically lead to marital dissatisfaction in all cultures.&#10;B)some people in arranged marriages can learn to love their partners using principles of reinforcement.&#10;C)arranged marriages might result in satisfied couples in some cultures but not others.&#10;D)arranged marriages are effective agents of social control but do not necessarily result in marital satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

A cultural absolutist believes in universal principles that apply across all cultures, so they would likely argue that arranged marriages are universally wrong and lead to dissatisfaction.

Question 8

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of:&#10;A)conscious experience.&#10;B)consciousness and the brain.&#10;C)observable behavior.&#10;D)mind and behavior.

Accepted Answer

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior, including both conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as thoughts, feelings, and actions. Observable behavior is often used as a tool to measure and understand underlying mental processes, but the ultimate aim of psychology is to explore the relationship between mental processes and behavior. While consciousness and the brain do fall under the realm of psychology, they are not the sole focus of the field.

Question 9

Why was the advent of the computer so important for the development of cognitive psychology?&#10;A)Psychologists could now use the computer to analyze large amounts of data.&#10;B)Computers processed information through complex circuits, which provided a model and shaped theory as to how mental processes might work.&#10;C)Computer technology allowed psychologists to develop useful tools and software programs to run complex experiments that were not previously possible.&#10;D)The computer supported the views of behaviorists that people were essentially robots programmed by their environment.

Accepted Answer

The advent of the computer was important for the development of cognitive psychology because computers provided a model and shaped theories about how mental processes might work. Computer processing of information through complex circuits provided insight into how the mind might process information, leading to the development of cognitive psychology as a field of study.

Question 10

Edward Titchener used _____ as a technique to determine the _____ of consciousness.&#10;A)introspection; basic elements&#10;B)introspection; basic functions&#10;C)reaction time; adaptability&#10;D)reaction time; perceptual errors

Accepted Answer

Titchener used introspection as a technique to determine the basic elements of consciousness. Introspection involved the systematic observation of one's own conscious experience and the breaking down of that experience into its basic components.

Question 11

Fred and Yvonne notice that their 10-year-old daughter is beginning to use sexually explicit curse words. The parents think that their daughter's friends might be rewarding her swearing with attention and laughter. This reflects a _____ perspective.

A)Watsonian
B)Freudian
C)Pavlovian
D)Skinnerian

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fred and Yvonne notice that their 10-year-old...

Question 12

The work of _____ had the greatest influence on the early development of clinical psychology.&#10;A)G. Stanley Hall&#10;B)John Watson&#10;C)Sigmund Freud&#10;D)Jean Piaget

Accepted Answer

The answer of The work of _____ had the greatest...

Question 13

The physician _____ described a patient who, after damage to a localized area in the _____ brain hemisphere, could not produce words, even though he could comprehend them.&#10;A)Paul Broca; right&#10;B)Paul Broca; left&#10;C)Karl Lashley; right&#10;D)Karl Lashley; left

Accepted Answer

The answer of The physician _____ described a patient who,...

Question 14

Wundt viewed consciousness as analogous to _____, and James viewed it as analogous to _____.&#10;A)a river; building blocks&#10;B)a chemical compound; a river&#10;C)an atom; a chemical compound&#10;D)building blocks; an atom

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wundt viewed consciousness as analogous to _____,...

Question 15

_____ believed that the mind was a tabula rasa, or blank slate.&#10;A)Nativists&#10;B)Philosophical empiricists&#10;C)Functionalists&#10;D)Structuralists

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ believed that the mind was a...

Question 16

The Association for Psychological Science was formed because the membership of the American Psychological Association was:&#10;A)becoming too research-oriented.&#10;B)dominated by White males.&#10;C)requiring new members to have a doctorate degree to join.&#10;D)predominantly clinical and health-related psychologists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Association for Psychological Science was formed...

Deck 1: Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science