Question 1

Women are _____ than men in choosing sexual partners because the costs of reproduction are _____ for women.&#10;A)less selective; lower&#10;B)less selective; higher&#10;C)more selective; higher&#10;D)more selective; lower

Accepted Answer

Women are more selective than men in choosing sexual partners because the costs of reproduction, such as pregnancy and child-rearing, are higher for women.

Question 2

How do humans differ from other ultrasocial species, such as termites and naked mole rats?&#10;A)Humans divide labor among members.&#10;B)Humans engage in mutual cooperation.&#10;C)Humans form societies that are genetically unrelated.&#10;D)Humans share resources with other members of society.

Accepted Answer

Humans form societies that are genetically unrelated, unlike other ultrasocial species like termites and naked mole rats, which typically form societies with closely related individuals.

Question 3

Which of these is considered attractive across all cultures?&#10;A)immature facial features in females&#10;B)height in males&#10;C)bilateral asymmetry of the face&#10;D)slimness in women

Accepted Answer

Immature facial features in females, often referred to as "neotenous" features, are considered universally attractive as they are associated with youth and fertility.

Question 4

_____ is to obedience as _____ is to conformity.&#10;A)Milgram; Asch&#10;B)Asch; Milgram&#10;C)Zimbardo; Asch&#10;D)Milgram; Zimbardo

Accepted Answer

Milgram's experiments are associated with obedience, where participants were ordered to administer electric shocks to another person, while Asch's experiments are related to conformity, where individuals conformed to incorrect group judgments about line lengths.

Question 5

The chairperson of the Department of Mathematics at a large university refuses to consider applications from females for faculty positions in the department. The professor is demonstrating:&#10;A)normative influence.&#10;B)group polarization.&#10;C)prejudice.&#10;D)discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The professor's refusal to consider female applicants is an act of discrimination, which involves treating individuals or groups unfairly based on their membership in a certain category (in this case, gender). Normative influence refers to conforming to the expectations of a group, while group polarization refers to the tendency for group members to become more extreme in their attitudes and behaviors after discussing them with other group members. Prejudice refers to preconceived negative attitudes or beliefs about a certain group, but discrimination involves acting on those attitudes or beliefs by treating individuals unfairly.

Question 6

When people in a crowded room start screaming and running for the exits with a look of terror on their faces, informational influence would state that you should:&#10;A)also run for an exit because they probably know something true about the need to exit that you don't know.&#10;B)run for the exits too but only because conformity should always guide behavior.&#10;C)stay put, because the &#34;mob mentality&#34; of groups is often wrong.&#10;D)run the opposite way because panicking groups are often wrong.

Accepted Answer

Informational influence suggests that people tend to conform and follow the actions of others when they believe that others have information or knowledge that they do not possess. In this scenario, the screaming and terror of the people in the crowded room can be interpreted as an indication of danger, and it is likely that they know something that you do not. Therefore, it is best to also run for the exits, as they may be fleeing from a real threat.

Question 7

If Shondra really wants to borrow Alicia's shoes but she thinks she may refuse, the idea of the door-in-the-face technique states that Shondra is more likely to get the shoes if she:&#10;A)asks for something else that she knows Alicia will give her first.&#10;B)first asks to borrow something Alicia will refuse to give her and then ask to borrow the shoes.&#10;C)ask for the shoes when Alicia is in a bad mood.&#10;D)ask for the shoes when Alicia is in a good mood.

Accepted Answer

The door-in-the-face technique suggests that asking for something big or unreasonable first and then asking for something smaller later increases the chances of the person agreeing to the smaller request. Therefore, Shondra should first ask for something Alicia will refuse to give her and then ask to borrow the shoes. This makes the request seem more reasonable and increases the likelihood of Alicia agreeing to lend her the shoes.

Question 8

According to the covariation model of attribution, people are most likely to attribute the actions of another person to a situational cause when that action is:&#10;A)consistently performed, typical of their similar actions, and routinely performed by other people in similar circumstances.&#10;B)consistently performed, typical of their similar actions, and not routinely performed by other people in similar circumstances.&#10;C)rarely performed, not typical of their similar actions, and routinely performed by other people in similar circumstances.&#10;D)rarely performed, not typical of their similar actions, and not routinely performed by other people in similar circumstances.

Accepted Answer

According to the covariation model, people attribute behavior to situational causes when it is rarely performed by the individual, not typical of their similar actions, but routinely performed by others in similar circumstances, indicating that the situation influences the behavior.

Question 9

The prisoner's dilemma game illustrates:&#10;A)the hypothesis-confirming bias.&#10;B)the benefits and costs of cooperation.&#10;C)the diffusion of responsibility.&#10;D)group polarization.

Accepted Answer

The prisoner's dilemma game is a classic example of game theory that illustrates the benefits and costs of cooperation. It demonstrates that two individuals may not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interest to do so, because each is acting rationally to pursue their own self-interest. The game highlights the tension between individual rationality and the collective good, which has implications for a wide range of social, political, and economic interactions.

Question 10

Rachel is waiting at a red light as a car pulls up from a small side street a few cars in front of her. As the light turns green, no one is letting the car merge onto the main road. As Rachel approaches, she waves to the car's driver to signal that he can merge. Although her behavior seems genuinely unselfish, Rachel likely expects other drivers to return the favor for her someday, which is an example of:

A)genuine altruism.
B)in-group altruism.
C)reciprocal altruism.
D)reverse altruism.

Accepted Answer

Rachel's behavior is an example of reciprocal altruism, in which an individual does something helpful for someone else with the expectation that the favor will eventually be returned. This type of behavior is often seen as an evolutionary strategy for increasing one's own chances of survival and reproduction, as those who are known for helping others are more likely to receive help themselves in the future.

Question 11

The best predictor of aggression is:&#10;A)race.&#10;B)socioeconomic status.&#10;C)age.&#10;D)gender.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The best predictor of aggression is:&#10;A)race.&#10;B)socioeconomic status.&#10;C)age.&#10;D)gender....

Question 12

The actor-observer effect states that people tend to make _____ attributions for their own behaviors and _____ attributions for identical behaviors of others.&#10;A)situational; situational&#10;B)situational; dispositional&#10;C)dispositional; situational&#10;D)dispositional; dispositional

Accepted Answer

The answer of The actor-observer effect states that people tend...

Question 13

_____ suggests that people are more likely to cheat when they are not focused on themselves but instead immersed in a group of people.&#10;A)Confirmation-bias&#10;B)Signal detection theory&#10;C)Deindividuation&#10;D)Diffusion of responsibility

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ suggests that people are more likely...

Question 14

The president of a college justifies a proposed tuition increase to the students by describing how the projected revenue will not meet the costs associated with operating the college. The president is attempting to use _____ to convince the students that the tuition increase is necessary.

A)heuristic persuasion
B)systematic persuasion
C)informational persuasion
D)judgment persuasion

Accepted Answer

The answer of The president of a college justifies a...

Question 15

_____ love occurs rapidly and ends within a few months, whereas _____ love develops more slowly and can continue throughout the rest of the life span.&#10;A)Sexual; compassionate&#10;B)Passionate; companionate&#10;C)Immature; equitable&#10;D)Passionate; equitable

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ love occurs rapidly and ends within...

Deck 13: Section 6: Social Psychology