Deck 13: Section 4: Social Psychology

Question 1

Violent crime in the United States is more prevalent in the North than in the South.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In the prisoner's dilemma, confessing to the police when your partner does not results in the most severe prison sentence.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Termites are classified as an ultrasocial species.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

People come to understand one another through the process termed social influence.

Question 5

Chimpanzees are classified as an ultrasocial species.

Question 6

In the prisoner's dilemma, if both partners cooperate with one another and do not confess to the police, neither partner will serve jail time.

Question 7

Human beings are the most social species on the planet.

Question 8

Men with unrealistically high self-esteem are most prone to violence.

Question 9

There is a negative correlation between testosterone levels and aggression levels.

Question 10

Increases in testosterone are associated with a decrease in self-esteem.

Question 11

Ultrasocial species necessarily form societies.

Question 12

Our society is more aggressive now than it was a hundred years ago.

Question 13

Only four species engage in behavior that can be described as social.

Question 14

Most murders are motivated by trying to acquire or protect a resource.

Question 15

Playing violent video games can make people more aggressive.

Question 16

The frustration-aggression hypothesis states that suppressed aggressive impulses lead to frustration.

Question 17

Men commit approximately 90 percent of the murders in the United States.

Question 18

The single best predictor of aggression is frustration level.

Question 19

Acts of aggression are more likely to occur on very hot days.

Question 20

Aggression in women usually is more premeditated than impulsive.

Question 21

Groups usually will make better decisions than individuals.

Question 22

Someone who helps a friend with the expectation that the friend will sooner or later return the favor is exhibiting reverse altruism.

Question 23

Kin selection does not constitute genuine altruism because we have been taught to assist family members in need.

Question 24

Mothers of attractive children are more affectionate with their children than are mothers of unattractive children.

Question 25

The trait that we value the most in others is trustworthiness.

Question 26

We grow to like things that we see often.

Question 27

Larger groups provide more opportunity for deindividuation and diffusion of responsibility.

Question 28

We are most likely to report that another person is attractive in otherwise boring situations.

Question 29

Deindividuation has contributed to Ku Klux Klan members' participation in lynch mobs.

Question 30

Male bodies are considered most attractive if they approximate inverted triangles.

Question 31

Women are much more selective than men in deciding upon a marriage partner.

Question 32

Discrimination is the evaluation, negative or positive, of others on the basis of their group membership.

Question 33

Genuine altruism indirectly promotes the survival of our own genes.

Question 34

Research supports the old adage "Absence makes the heart grow fonder."

Question 35

Physical attractiveness is associated with increases in income for women but not men.

Question 36

Attractive people tend to have better social skills than less attractive people.

Question 37

The potential physical costs of having sex are much greater for women than men.

Question 38

Most people would rather accept being cheated and get less than what they deserve than punish the cheater and get nothing.

Question 39

A mother who sacrificed her life to save her children engaged in altruistic behavior.

Question 40

The behavior of nonhuman animals provides little, if any, evidence of genuine altruism.

Question 41

Research suggests that the ideal shape of a female may change over time and across cultures, but the ideal hip-to-waist ratio remains fairly constant.

Question 42

People usually struggle for years with learning social norms when they move to another country.

Question 43

Systems of rewards and punishers usually are not effective at controlling human behavior.

Question 44

Although this standard has changed over time, today the desire to be thin is common to females of all cultures.

Question 45

In Western cultures, people historically got married because of love.

Question 46

We are most attracted to people with a similar educational background but with different interests than ourselves.

Question 47

Solomon Asch conducted the classic study on conformity.

Question 48

As relationships grow older, people are more likely to settle for less than favorable cost-benefit ratios.

Question 49

Conformity involves following the instructions of an authority figure.

Question 50

A teacher who offers rewards and threatens punishment is appealing to the accuracy motive.

Question 51

The foot-in-the-door technique works because of reciprocating concessions.

Question 52

Restaurants that offer you a dessert on the house are using the norm of reciprocity to encourage you to return.

Question 53

Social exchange is the hypothesis that people stay in a relationship as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits.

Question 54

Male faces are considered more attractive when they have immature features.

Question 55

The norm of reciprocity might explain why some men feel that their dates "owe" them a kiss, particularly if they've paid for dinner.

Question 56

Companionate love starts slowly, grows steadily, and involves concern for your partner's well-being.

Question 57

Women prefer older men and men prefer younger women across a wide variety of human cultures.

Question 58

People generally are happiest in relationships when their cost-benefit ratios are slightly higher than their partners'.

Question 59

You are more likely to become obese if your friend becomes obese.

Question 60

If your parents have been married for a long time, it is likely they share a passionate love.

Question 61

Heuristic persuasion loses some of its power as we become more motivated to make a good decision.

Question 62

Milgram's study of obedience is criticized today on ethical grounds because learners received painful shocks that exacerbated a heart condition in at least one instance.

Question 63

Participants obeyed Milgram's order to shock another person because of the implicit threat of punishment.

Question 64

We are prone to falling prey to the foot-in-the-door sales technique because buying something reduces our cognitive dissonance.

Question 65

Beliefs are positive and negative evaluations about an object or event.

Question 66

Direct observation of people rarely leads to inaccurate stereotypes.

Question 67

The self-fulfilling prophecy is the tendency for people to see what they expect to see.

Question 68

Politicians most often use systematic persuasion to convince you to vote for them.

Question 69

When you laugh along with others at a friend's joke even when you don't understand it, you are likely being affected by informational influence.

Question 70

Stereotyping is a useful process.

Question 71

Cognitive dissonance is typically reduced by heuristic persuasion.

Question 72

A soft drink company is more likely to use systematic persuasion than a real-estate company.

Question 73

When participants in Steele and Aronson's study (1995) were asked to list their race at the top of an exam, African American students scored more poorly than their SAT scores suggested they should.

Question 74

A recruiter who stands in front of the country's flag and urges you to enlist and "be all you can be" is using heuristic persuasion.

Question 75

We tend to underestimate the variability among members of different categories.

Question 76

Faced with a big, burly guy reciting his romantic poetry, many people would use subtyping to preserve their stereotype of "romantic poets."

Question 77

Milgram's study of obedience demonstrated that most people will not hurt another person when instructed to do so by an authority figure.

Question 78

We tend to underestimate the variability among members of a category.

Question 79

Students usually rate the course in which they earned an easy "A" as better than a course in which they worked hard to earn an "A."

Question 80

Solomon Asch demonstrated that normative influence can cause people to misperceive the length of lines.