Deck 12: Section 4: Personality

Question 1

One criticism of the Rorschach Inkblot Test is that it is open to the subjective interpretation of the examiner.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Gordon Allport MOST likely used projective tests to measure traits.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Cattell proposed a 16-factor theory of personality.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Recent research suggests that men and women are equally talkative.

Question 5

Actuarial scales on the MMPI-2-RF help detect if a respondent is being dishonest.

Question 6

Eysenck's two dimensions of personality are extraversion and introversion.

Question 7

People are mostly accurate in their self-reports on personality assessments.

Question 8

Different factor analysis techniques have yielded different views of personality structure.

Question 9

Gordon Allport believed that personality traits were causes of specific behaviors.

Question 10

The most commonly used projective personality test is the MMPI-2-RF.

Question 11

When measured by rigorous scientific criteria, the Thematic Apperception Test has been found to be more reliable and valid than the Rorschach Inkblot Test.

Question 12

Researchers who believe that personality traits reflect underlying motives tend to examine these traits using projective tests.

Question 13

Eysenck's research revealed five dimensions of personality.

Question 14

Helpful and uncooperative are endpoints on the personality dimension of conscientiousness.

Question 15

When many people describe the personality of a single person, their descriptions usually are similar.

Question 16

Sensation seeking is one the Big Five personality factors.

Question 17

The best-known self-report measure for assessing personality is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2-RF).

Question 18

Agreeableness is one of the Big Five personality factors.

Question 19

If Gina describes her friend Mark as kind, she probably will describe her friend Kate in a similar way.

Question 20

It requires considerable training to expertly administer and score the items on the MMPI-2-RF.

Question 21

Children tend to exhibit only three of the five dimensions of personality.

Question 22

The personality dimension with the highest heritability estimate is extraversion.

Question 23

College students who have messy dorm rooms typically score high on the personality dimension of neuroticism.

Question 24

The Big Five dimensions of personality are not culturally specific.

Question 25

William James believed that personality can change considerably over the course of adulthood.

Question 26

Siblings tend to have similar personalities primarily because they typically share a common environment.

Question 27

Roughly half of the variability in personality among individuals results from genetic factors.

Question 28

Teenagers who score low in extraversion are more likely to be juvenile delinquents.

Question 29

The personality characteristics of teenagers are more likely to be similar to their parents than their peers.

Question 30

People who score high in conscientiousness tend to live longer.

Question 31

If men and women are found to differ on a psychological characteristic, that difference must have a biological cause.

Question 32

Women tend to score higher than men on the Big Five dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism.

Question 33

Worried and calm are endpoints on the personality dimension of agreeableness.

Question 34

College students who keep their dorm rooms clean typically score high on the personality dimension of conscientiousness.

Question 35

Psychologically androgynous people probably are better adjusted than people who identify strongly with only one gender role.

Question 36

Overall, men and women tend to be far more similar in personality than different.

Question 37

Scoring high on extraversion is correlated with having tattoos.

Question 38

Women engage in more social relational aggression than men.

Question 39

People who are very imaginative tend to score high on the extraversion dimension of personality.

Question 40

Research on the Big Five personality dimensions has shown that our personalities tend to remain stable throughout our lifetimes.

Question 41

Your ego functions as a voice of conscience.

Question 42

Research suggests that parental divorce can produce large and lasting personality changes in children.

Question 43

Sublimation can be described as motivated forgetting.

Question 44

Defense mechanisms are conscious strategies people employ to reduce anxiety.

Question 45

Animals exhibit traits that resemble all of the Big Five personality dimensions except neuroticism.

Question 46

The child who reverts to thumb sucking and whining when his mother brings a new baby home is using the defense mechanism known as regression.

Question 47

Freud believed that a person's basic personality develops in the genital stage of psychosexual development.

Question 48

The superego enables a person to deal with life's practical demands.

Question 49

Rationalization and displacement are two types of defense mechanisms.

Question 50

The illustration of an angel sitting on a person's shoulder telling him what to do is similar to Freud's notion of the superego.

Question 51

The defense mechanism of identification involves unconsciously replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of their opposite.

Question 52

According to Freud, the id is present at birth.

Question 53

Introverts prefer quiet activities because their reticular formation is not easily stimulated.

Question 54

The businesswoman who kicks her dog off the porch when she gets home because she's had a rough day at work is using the defense mechanism known as projection.

Question 55

The used car salesperson who believes that every other used car dealership sells defective automobiles might be using the defense mechanism of projection.

Question 56

The id operates according to the reality principle.

Question 57

Freud believed that a person's basic personality is formed within the first two years of life.

Question 58

Neediness is a characteristic of fixation in Freud's oral stage of psychosexual development.

Question 59

People who have a highly reactive behavioral inhibition system tend to display neurotic tendencies.

Question 60

Extraverts seek increased stimulation in part because their reticular formation is not easily stimulated.

Question 61

Social-cognitive research suggests that those who cheat on a test are more likely than others to cheat on a test in the future.

Question 62

George Kelly believed that differences in personality arise largely from differences in the perception of locus of control.

Question 63

According to Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development, the Oedipus conflict occurs during the phallic stage.

Question 64

Walter Mischel argued that personality traits do a poor job in predicting individuals' behaviors.

Question 65

Social-cognitive research suggests that those who cheat on a test are more likely than others to lie or steal.

Question 66

The Oedipus conflict usually occurs around the onset of puberty.

Question 67

The genital stage is the last stage of Freud's psychosexual stages.

Question 68

Differences in personality are best revealed during powerful situations such as natural disasters.

Question 69

Existentialists view security-providing defense mechanisms as ultimately self-defeating.

Question 70

Rollo May and Victor Frankl are notable existentialists.

Question 71

If you believe you control your future, you have an internal locus of control.

Question 72

People who alphabetize their DVD collection and color-code their wardrobe might be fixated in Freud's anal stage of psychosexual development.

Question 73

The Oedipus conflict usually is resolved by identifying with the same-sex parent.

Question 74

A person fixated in Freud's phallic stage of psychosexual development may be flirtatious and vain.

Question 75

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a starving, homeless person can actively work toward self-actualization.

Question 76

Lack of trust is a characteristic of fixation in Freud's anal stage of psychosexual development.

Question 77

Existentialists believe that people ponder the "What is the meaning of life?" question on an almost daily basis.

Question 78

The flow experience can only be reached by struggling to overcome anxiety-evoking experiences.

Question 79

For existentialists, being fully alive is having the courage to accept angst and facing the certain fact that one day we will die.

Question 80

Existentialists believe that angst occurs when stressors are too challenging for our abilities.