Question 1

Narcissism is:&#10;A)a trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self, combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others.&#10;B)a trait more common in people who are self-actualized.&#10;C)people's tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures.&#10;D)a personality disorder resulting from low self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by a grandiose view of self, a sense of entitlement, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. It often leads to exploiting others for personal gain. Narcissistic individuals often display arrogance, have an exaggerated sense of self-importance, and may appear charming but lack genuine emotional attachment to others. It is not necessarily linked to self-actualization, taking credit for successes, or low self-esteem, although there may be some connection or overlap.

Question 2

Sigmund is very interested in his neighbor Sally but has much anxiety about his attraction to her because his friends would not approve. Every time he sees her, he acts very rude and says mean things to her despite his intense attraction to her. This is an example of what type of defense mechanism?

A)rationalization
B)reaction formation
C)displacement
D)sublimation

reaction formation

Accepted Answer

This is an example of reaction formation, where someone expresses the opposite of their true feelings or desires. Sigmund's intense attraction to Sally conflicts with his fear of disapproval from his friends, so he manifests the opposite behavior by being rude and mean to her.

Question 3

Which statement about gender differences in personality is FALSE?&#10;A)Women are more sensitive to nonverbal cues than men.&#10;B)Women have slightly higher self-esteem than men.&#10;C)Men are more physically aggressive than women.&#10;D)Men are more assertive than women.

Accepted Answer

Research has found that men actually have slightly higher self-esteem than women.

Question 4

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of a(n):&#10;A)intelligence test.&#10;B)self-report.&#10;C)personality inventory.&#10;D)projective technique.

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is a projective technique, which is a type of psychological test that assesses personality traits, emotions, and psychological functioning through open-ended responses to ambiguous stimuli. The test involves showing a person a series of inkblots and asking them to describe what they see, which is believed to reveal subconscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 5

People with highly reactive behavioral activation systems are likely to be:&#10;A)introverts.&#10;B)extraverts.&#10;C)conscientious.&#10;D)depressed.

Accepted Answer

People with highly reactive behavioral activation systems are more likely to be extraverts as they are driven by reward-seeking behaviors and enjoy excitement and stimulation. Introverts, on the other hand, are more drawn to quiet and low-stimulation environments. Conscientiousness and depression are not directly related to the behavioral activation system.

Question 6

One problem with the psychosexual stage theory is that it:&#10;A)ignores the importance of early childhood experiences in forming personality.&#10;B)fails to offer an account of how gender roles develop.&#10;C)fails to offer an account of how same-sex people differ in personality.&#10;D)offers after-the-fact interpretation instead of testable predictions.

Accepted Answer

The psychosexual stage theory offers after-the-fact interpretation instead of testable predictions, which means it cannot be scientifically measured or verified. This limits its validity as a theory in psychology. Additionally, while the theory does address the formation of gender identity, it does not provide a complete account of how gender roles develop or how same-sex individuals differ in personality.

Question 7

Most researchers using factor analysis agree that _____ are the core traits of personality.&#10;A)conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion&#10;B)anger, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise&#10;C)orderliness, happiness, extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness&#10;D)openness to experience, neuroticism, agreeableness, introversion, and extraversion

Accepted Answer

The Big Five model of personality, which includes conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion, is widely accepted as the core traits of personality by researchers using factor analysis.

Question 8

The _____ approach to personality tries to identify main themes in the adjectives used to describe a person's personality.&#10;A)trait&#10;B)social-cognitive&#10;C)humanistic-existential&#10;D)psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

The trait approach to personality involves identifying and categorizing main traits or characteristics that describe an individual's personality. This approach does not focus on the underlying causes or motivations for these traits, but rather on identifying and describing them. The other options listed are different approaches to personality that focus on different aspects, such as the social environment (social-cognitive), the individual's subjective experience (humanistic-existential), or unconscious processes (psychodynamic).

Question 9

Which component of the mind did Freud describe as the most basic, serving as the source of our bodily needs, wants, and desires?&#10;A)ego&#10;B)superego&#10;C)id&#10;D)consciousness

Accepted Answer

Freud described the id as the most basic component of the mind, which operates based on the pleasure principle and is responsible for our innate bodily needs, wants, and desires.

Question 10

When people define themselves according to personality traits, they are using _____ to organize their self-concept.&#10;A)outcome expectancies&#10;B)a self-narrative&#10;C)self-schemas&#10;D)self-serving biases

Accepted Answer

Self-schemas are cognitive structures that organize beliefs and personality traits about oneself. Thus, when someone defines themselves according to personality traits, they are using self-schemas to organize their self-concept. Outcome expectancies refer to beliefs about the likelihood of rewards or punishments resulting from certain behaviors, a self-narrative is a story we construct about ourselves that helps us understand our past, present, and future, and self-serving biases are distortions in the way we perceive ourselves that serve to maintain a positive self-image.

Question 11

According to existentialists, personality is largely the result of:&#10;A)external social pressures to conform to stereotypes.&#10;B)confronting reality rather than denying it.&#10;C)energized mental focus termed flow.&#10;D)the tendency to self-actualize.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to existentialists, personality is largely the...

Question 12

Personality is:&#10;A)genetically determined.&#10;B)environmentally based.&#10;C)an individual's style of responding, thinking, and feeling.&#10;D)a predisposition to develop a psychological disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Personality is:&#10;A)genetically determined.&#10;B)environmentally based.&#10;C)an individual's style of...

Question 13

Shelby attends class, takes notes, reads her textbook, and reviews her work because she believes that it is up to her to do well in class and that she has the resources to do well. Shelby has a(n) _____ locus of control.

A)internal
B)external
C)global
D)stable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shelby attends class, takes notes, reads her...

Question 14

Proponents of the humanistic approach focused on the potential to _____.&#10;A)feel empathy&#10;B)engage in abstract thinking&#10;C)use language&#10;D)show personal growth

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proponents of the humanistic approach focused on...

Question 15

Biological factors have shown to be _____ in determining personality.&#10;A)completely unrelated&#10;B)unimportant&#10;C)important&#10;D)completely dominant

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biological factors have shown to be _____...

Question 16

By having people make up stories about different pictures they see, researchers attempt to:&#10;A)infer the underlying motives, concerns, and views about the world of the responder.&#10;B)directly measure the responder's patterns of behavior, thinking, and feeling.&#10;C)correlate the results with the responder's intelligence.&#10;D)relate the results to self-report inventories such as the MMPI-2-RF.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By having people make up stories about...

Deck 12: Section 5: Personality