Deck 10: Section 2: Intelligence

Question 1

The main reason why intelligent people earn much more money that those with less intelligence is that they:

A)get more education.
B)are more impatient.
C)are poor at calculating risk.
D)tend not to marry.

Answer 1

get more education.

Question 2

Isabel is 3 years old. Her mental age is 5. What is her ratio IQ?

A)60
B)100
C)120
D)167

Answer 2

167

Question 3

Suzie displays the mental ability typical of a 6-year-old child. Therefore, her mental age is:

A)6)
B)greater than 6.
C)between 5 and 7.
D)less than 6.

Answer 3

6)

Question 4

The first intelligence tests were developed as part of education reforms in:

A)England.
B)the United States.
C)France.
D)Germany.

Question 5

The ratio IQ is calculated by the formula:

A)mental age/chronological age × 100.
B)chronological age - mental age × 100.
C)chronological age/mental age × 100.
D)mental age - chronological age × 100.

Question 6

The first intelligence test was developed in order to:

A)identify the brightest children, so that they could be given enriched instruction.
B)identify children who needed remedial education.
C)identify children who were of average intelligence.
D)free teachers from making subjective assessments of children's intelligence.

Question 7

Intelligence tests measure:

A)the consequences that intelligence produces.
B)intelligence.
C)the ability to answer questions and solve problems that are highly correlated with the consequences of intelligence.
D)the correlation between the ability to answer questions and perform tasks and intelligence.

Question 8

Which of these is NOT one of the tests on the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale IV (WAIS-IV)?

A)Verbal Comprehension Test
B)Processing Accuracy Test
C)Working Memory Test
D)Perceptual Reasoning Test

Question 9

The creators of the first intelligence tests were:

A)Henry Goddard and Louis Thurstone.
B)Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.
C)Theodore Simon and Charles Spearman.
D)Louis Thurstone and Leland Stanford.

Question 10

Binet and Simon designed their intelligence test to measure a child's:

A)aptitude for learning.
B)prior educational achievement.
C)future job performance.
D)creativity.

Question 11

IQ tests given in the 1920s that supposedly were designed to identify if certain immigrant groups were "feebleminded" led the United States to pass laws restricting immigration from:

A)Northern Europe.
B)Australia and New Zealand.
C)the Middle East.
D)Southern and Eastern Europe.

Question 12

The WAIS consists of _____ core subtests.

A)7
B)10
C)13
D)34

Question 13

The ratio IQ is NOT appropriate for a person of age:

A)3)
B)6)
C)12.
D)30.

Question 14

Which of these would NOT appear on the WAIS?

A)How is a cucumber similar to a carrot?
B)Write the word "zucchini."
C)If a farmer has 13 rows of carrot plants with 11 carrot plants in each row, how many carrot plants does the farmer have?
D)Name some reasons why it is beneficial to eat vegetables.

Question 15

Modern researchers compute the _____ IQ for children and the _____ IQ for adults.

A)ratio; ratio
B)deviation; ratio
C)ratio; deviation
D)deviation; deviation

Question 16

Molly, age 12, earns straight A's in history, science, math, English, and geography. Her grades in these classes measure Molly's:

A)aptitude.
B)achievement.
C)natural intelligence.
D)mental age.

Question 17

Joey is 10 years old. His score on an intelligence test is the same as that of an 8-year-old. We can conclude that Joey:

A)is intellectually gifted.
B)is intellectually average.
C)may need remedial education.
D)is likely very creative.

Question 18

Who developed the ratio IQ?

A)Henry Goddard
B)Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
C)Lewis Terman
D)Charles Spearman

Question 19

The deviation IQ is a statistic obtained by:

A)subtracting a person's test score from the average score of people in the same age group and multiplying the result by 100.
B)adding a person's test score to the average score of people in the same age group and then subtracting 100.
C)dividing a person's test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and multiplying the result by 100.
D)dividing the average test score of people in a given age group by the score of an individual in that age group and multiplying the result by 100.

Question 20

The psychologist most noted for his contributions to the Stanford-Binet intelligence test is:

A)Lewis Terman.
B)Leland Stanford.
C)Alfred Binet.
D)William Stern.

Question 21

_____ termed general intellectual ability _____.

A)Spearman; g
B)Spearman; s
C)Thurstone; s
D)Thurstone; m

Question 22

The debate between Louis Thurstone and Charles Spearman raged for many years until a technique called _____ revealed that each researcher's theory was partially correct.

A)analysis of variance
B)multiple regression
C)fluid intelligence
D)confirmatory factor analysis

Question 23

Highly intelligent people _____ than those who are less intelligent.

A)are better at making conversation
B)are better looking
C)are happier
D)live longer

Question 24

Sophia competes successfully at national-level spelling bees. The two-factor theory of intelligence predicts that Sophia:

A)is an expert musician.
B)is a national-level chess player.
C)does well in her algebra class.
D)receives lower-than-average grades in biology class.

Question 25

Which statement about the three-level hierarchy of intelligence is true?

A)The three-level hierarchy of intelligence is a radical view proposed by a small group of psychologists.
B)The three-level hierarchy of intelligence is favored by psychologists who take a data-based approach and opposed by those who take a theory-based approach.
C)The three-level hierarchy of intelligence is favored by psychologists who take a theory-based approach and opposed by those who take a data-based approach.
D)The three-level hierarchy of intelligence is widely supported by studies done over the past 60 years.

Question 26

Louis Thurstone disagreed with Charles Spearman, instead believing there are a few stable and independent mental abilities that include all of the these EXCEPT _____ ability.

A)perceptual
B)general
C)verbal
D)numerical

Question 27

To find out if intelligence was a single general ability, Charles Spearman measured how well school-age children could discriminate small differences in color, auditory pitch, and weight; subsequently, he correlated these scores with the children's:

A)ratio IQ.
B)deviation IQ.
C)academic performance.
D)musical performance.

Question 28

Which statement about siblings with significantly different IQs is true?

A)The less intelligent sibling will earn approximately half the income as the more intelligent sibling.
B)Despite differing in intelligence, the siblings will receive approximately the same number of years of education.
C)Despite differing in intelligence, siblings will earn approximately the same income.
D)The less intelligent sibling will tend to have a faster reaction time on basic tasks than the more intelligent sibling.

Question 29

_____ believed that intelligence is a single general ability, whereas _____ believed that people do not have a single general ability called intelligence, but instead have several primary mental abilities.

A)Charles Spearman; Louis Thurstone
B)Alfred Benet; John Carroll
C)Lewis Terman; Alfred Binet
D)Louis Thurstone; William Stern

Question 30

The theory that every task requires the combination of a general ability and skills that are specific to the task is known as the _____ theory of intelligence.

A)general-specific
B)two-factor
C)factor-analytic
D)g-factor

Question 31

The correlation between a person's score on a standard intelligence test and his or her academic performance is roughly _____ across a wide range of people and situations.

A)r = .3
B)r = .5
C)r = .7
D)r = .9

Question 32

Charles Spearman's research revealed that while different measures were positively correlated, they were _____ perfectly correlated.

A)sometimes
B)always
C)usually
D)not

Question 33

In the three-level hierarchy of intelligence tests, _____ is/are at the top, _____ is/are in the middle, and _____ is/are at the bottom.

A)a general factor; specific factors; group factors
B)specific factors; group factors; a general factor
C)group factors; a general factor; specific factors
D)a general factor; group factors; specific factors

Question 34

For hiring employees without previous experience, the most valid measure of future performance and learning is:

A)past job experience.
B)performance during a job interview.
C)education.
D)general mental ability.

Question 35

The ability to understand words and sentences corresponds to the primary mental ability of:

A)intelligence.
B)word fluency.
C)verbal comprehension.
D)reasoning.

Question 36

Who developed the two-factor theory of intelligence?

A)Louis Thurstone
B)Alfred Binet
C)Charles Spearman
D)John Carroll

Question 37

The two-factor theory of intelligence predicts a _____ correlation between solving algebra problems and identifying musical notes.

A)perfect
B)positive
C)negative
D)inverse

Question 38

Janine is an avid reader and has a high comprehension of even difficult texts. Thurstone would predict that Janine:

A)is a good athlete.
B)is proficient at solving numerical problems.
C)speaks well.
D)is good at rotating three-dimensional objects in her mind.

Question 39

An intelligence test reliably predicts all these EXCEPT:

A)academic performance.
B)the number of years of education an individual will receive.
C)the person's later happiness.
D)a person's later occupational status.

Question 40

According to Thurstone's theory, the primary mental abilities:

A)correspond to Spearman's g.
B)correspond to Spearman's s.
C)are the result of Spearman's g multiplied by Spearman's s.
D)are not analogous to Spearman's g or s.

Question 41

A _____ approach to describing middle-level abilities starts with a broad survey of human abilities and then looks to see which of these abilities intelligence tests measure-or fail to measure.

A)theory-based
B)data-based
C)g-factor based
D)bottom-up

Question 42

_____ intelligence is the ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences.

A)General
B)Practical
C)Crystallized
D)Fluid

Question 43

Deshawn has an English test where he has to provide the definitions of vocabulary words. This test requires _____ intelligence.

A)crystallized
B)creative
C)practical
D)fluid

Question 44

The major disadvantage of the data-based approach to identifying middle-level abilities is that it:

A)focuses on observable behavior and ignores the cognitive processes that contribute to intelligence.
B)does not distinguish between fluid and crystallized intelligence.
C)cannot identify middle-level abilities that are not already measured by intelligence tests.
D)occasionally identifies middle-level abilities that do not correlate highly with specific abilities.

Question 45

The ability to generate solutions that other people tend not to generate is called _____ intelligence.

A)analytic
B)creative
C)practical
D)crystallized

Question 46

People are tested on the following: staying balanced on a unicycle, understanding Shakespeare, juggling balls, solving algebraic problems, writing an essay on a controversial topic, counting backward by 7 out loud, comprehending vocabulary, balancing a checkbook, and completing an obstacle course. Most likely, the patterns of correlation among these tests would yield _____ middle-level abilities.

A)2
B)3
C)5
D)9

Question 47

Cognitive speediness is best classified as what kind of ability?

A)general
B)middle-level
C)specific
D)fluid intelligence

Question 48

Robert Sternberg argued that standardized intelligence tests primarily measure _____ intelligence.

A)inductive
B)creative
C)analytical
D)practical

Question 49

John Carroll analyzed intelligence test scores from nearly 500 studies and defined _____ independent middle-level abilities.

A)8
B)10
C)12
D)15

Question 50

The ability to apply and implement solutions in everyday settings is called _____ intelligence.

A)fluid
B)creative
C)practical
D)emotional

Question 51

Studies suggest that practical, analytic, and creative intelligence are:

A)very highly related to each other.
B)nothing more than Spearman's g factor.
C)somewhat dependent on each other.
D)independent of each other.

Question 52

Robert Sternberg suggested that there are three kinds of intelligence, which include all of these EXCEPT _____ intelligence.

A)analytic
B)creative
C)practical
D)emotional

Question 53

John Carroll's list of middle-level abilities includes all of these EXCEPT:

A)memory and learning.
B)visual perception.
C)spatial recognition.
D)retrieval ability.

Question 54

If we think of the brain as a machine that uses old information to produce new information, then _____ intelligence refers to the way the machine runs, and _____ intelligence refers to the information it uses and produces.

A)fluid; crystallized
B)crystallized; practical
C)creative; fluid
D)practical; creative

Question 55

In the three-level hierarchy of mental ability, group factors are:

A)middle-level abilities similar to Thurstone's primary mental abilities.
B)top-level factors similar to Spearman's g.
C)middle-level abilities similar to Spearman's s.
D)third-level factors similar to Thurstone's primary mental abilities.

Question 56

A _____ approach to describing middle-level abilities starts with peoples' responses on intelligence tests and then looks to see what kinds of independent clusters these responses form.

A)theory-based
B)data-based
C)deviation-based
D)top-down

Question 57

Which statement regarding the number of middle-level mental abilities is true?

A)Psychologists are in general agreement that there are 3 middle-level abilities.
B)Psychologists are in general agreement that there are 5 middle-level abilities.
C)Psychologists are in general agreement that there are 8 middle-level abilities.
D)Psychologists are not in general agreement as to the number of middle-level abilities.

Question 58

Someone who is able to identify and define problems and to find strategies for solving them has what Robert Sternberg called _____ intelligence.

A)analytic
B)crystallized
C)practical
D)inductive

Question 59

Raven's Progressive Matrices Test can be used to assess _____ intelligence.

A)emotional
B)fluid
C)crystallized
D)practical

Question 60

_____ introduced the terms fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.

A)James Flynn
B)Louis Thurstone
C)John Carroll
D)Robert Sternberg

Question 61

Fraternal twins reared together have less similar intelligence test scores than:

A)identical twins reared apart.
B)biological siblings reared together.
C)parents and their biological children living together.
D)adopted children reared together.

Question 62

Intelligence scores among identical twins are strongly correlated when the twins are raised in the same household, and are _____ correlated when the twins are separated at birth and raised in different households.

A)strongly
B)moderately
C)weakly
D)not

Question 63

A statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people's scores that can be explained by differences in their genetic makeup is called:

A)the heritability coefficient.
B)the two-factor theory of intelligence.
C)analysis of variance.
D)factor analysis.

Question 64

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of emotionally intelligent people?

A)They have better romantic relationships.
B)They tend to be happy and satisfied with their lives.
C)They usually outlive people with lower emotional intelligence.
D)They have better workplace relationships.

Question 65

Leslie and Shannon are monozygotic twins. Which statement about Leslie and Shannon is FALSE?

A)If Leslie is a male, Shannon must be a male.
B)Leslie and Shannon share 50 percent of their genes.
C)Leslie and Shannon are identical twins.
D)Leslie and Shannon developed from the splitting of a single egg.

Question 66

Which statement about emotionally intelligent people is FALSE?

A)They know what kinds of emotions a particular event will trigger.
B)They can identify, describe, and manage their emotions.
C)They use their emotions to make better decisions.
D)They exhibit high levels of neural activity when solving emotional problems.

Question 67

Sir Francis Galton studied _____ and concluded that intelligence is largely determined by _____.

A)identical twins; environment
B)eminent families; heredity
C)poor families; environment
D)identical twins; heredity

Question 68

The heritability coefficient of intelligence is roughly:

A).5.
B).6.
C).7.
D).8.

Question 69

The correlation between the intelligence test scores of identical twins who have never met is about the same as the correlation between intelligence test scores of:

A)identical twins reared together.
B)fraternal twins reared together.
C)parents and biological children living together.
D)a person who has taken the test twice.

Question 70

Fraternal twins:

A)are always male.
B)are exact genetic copies of each other.
C)develop from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm.
D)are more genetically similar than ordinary siblings.

Question 71

The genetic influence on intelligence is illustrated by the finding that:

A)unrelated siblings raised together are more similar than related siblings reared apart.
B)identical twins reared apart are more similar than fraternal twins reared together.
C)parents and biological children living together are more similar than parents and biological children living apart.
D)identical twins living together are more similar than identical twins living apart.

Question 72

The heritability coefficient of intelligence is roughly 0.5, meaning:

A)50 percent of intelligence is due to genetics, and 50 percent is due to environmental factors.
B)50 percent of intelligence is due to genetics, and 50 percent is due to unspecified factors.
C)intelligence is completely determined by genes in 50 percent of the population.
D)about 50 percent of the variability in intelligence scores can be explained by genetic differences.

Question 73

Which biologically related pairs will probably be most dissimilar in intelligence?

A)Jen and Bob, siblings born five years apart and raised in the same home
B)Reba and Haley, identical twins raised in different homes
C)Estelle and Mary, a mother and a daughter living in the same home
D)Herbert and Henrietta, siblings born three years apart and raised in different homes

Question 74

Part of the interview process for hiring new workers in the wood mill includes testing each worker's ability to demonstrate strategies on how to make the first cuts on a piece of lumber. The manager of the mill believes that the result of this work-related test predicts future job performance. The manager most likely subscribes to _____ theory of intelligence.

A)Thurstone's
B)Carroll's
C)Sternberg's
D)Spearman's

Question 75

Asian and African cultures are more likely than Western cultures to include _____ in their conceptualization of intelligence.

A)fluid intelligence
B)linguistic intelligence
C)social cooperativeness
D)spatial intelligence

Question 76

Workers at a milk processing factory develop complex strategies for combining partially filled cases of milk, illustrating the contributions of _____ intelligence to their job performance.

A)analytical
B)inductive
C)creative
D)practical

Question 77

Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm are called:

A)fraternal twins.
B)monozygotic twins.
C)dizygotic twins.
D)half-brothers.

Question 78

Westerners regard people as intelligent when they speak _____; Africans regard people as intelligent when they speak _____.

A)quickly and loudly; quickly but softly
B)quickly and often; deliberately and quietly
C)slowly and softly; quickly and loudly
D)quickly but softly; deliberately but loudly

Question 79

Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to reason and to use emotions to enhance:

A)creativity.
B)reasoning.
C)logic.
D)practical intelligence.

Question 80

Robert Sternberg argued that _____ intelligence best predicts job performance.

A)emotional
B)practical
C)fluid
D)analytical