Deck 9: Section 5: Language and Thought

Question 1

Exemplar theory is more comprehensive than prototype theory because it:

A)compares objects on an individual basis only.
B)compares individual objects to a prototype only.
C)activates the visual cortex.
D)takes into account both prototypical and specific instances of categories.

Answer 1

takes into account both prototypical and specific instances of categories.

Question 2

Which of these constitutes a single morpheme?

A)headless
B)he
C)h
D)headless horseman

Answer 2

he

Question 3

A carpenter suffers a stroke and now cannot recognize the difference between a saw and a plane. The carpenter MOST likely suffered damage to which area of his brain?

A)the lower left temporal lobe
B)the region where the temporal lobe meets the parietal and occipital lobes.
C)the front of the left temporal lobe.
D)the left prefrontal cortex.

Answer 3

the region where the temporal lobe meets the parietal and occipital lobes.

Question 4

Another term for discursive reasoning is _____ reasoning.

A)practical
B)syllogistic
C)theoretical
D)linguistic

Question 5

Hammers are used for pounding things, which is why many people don't realize that hammers make perfectly good doorstops. This lack of creative insight is an example of:

A)blindsight.
B)availability bias.
C)semantic interference.
D)functional fixedness.

Question 6

Interactionists describe language development as:

A)a conditioned learning process determined by the environment.
B)an innate process determined by biology.
C)a combination of environmental experiences and biological influences.
D)the result of modeling the language of parents.

Question 7

A sentence has both _____, based on meaning, and _____, based on the wording of the sentence.

A)surface structure; grammar
B)surface structure; deep structure
C)deep structure; surface structure
D)grammar; deep structure

Question 8

Generally speaking, humans excel on cognitive tasks that involve _____ but perform poorly on cognitive tasks that involve _____.

A)estimation; accuracy
B)frequency; probability
C)accuracy; estimation
D)probability; frequency

Question 9

Patients with Wernicke's and Broca's aphasia provide evidence that language is:

A)specialized within specific brain regions over time.
B)highly widespread across the brain throughout the life span.
C)localized to specific brain structures in both hemispheres throughout the life span.
D)processed in one specific brain structure, the amygdala.

Question 10

Pat is 40 years old and received a Ph.D. in sociology 10 years ago. Pat specializes in issues associated with women and gender studies, publishing research in peer-reviewed journals. Which statement MOST likely describes Pat?

A)Pat is a college professor.
B)Pat is a college professor and a woman.
C)Pat is a college professor and a man.
D)Pat is a female college professor with liberal political views.

Question 11

Passive mastery is to _____ as active mastery is to _____.

A)syntax; semantics
B)simple structure; deep structure
C)phonemes; phrases
D)understanding; speech

Question 12

The President is managing a war that is not going well. Nevertheless, he refuses to withdraw troops, arguing that doing so would waste the billions of dollars spent and thousands of lives lost fighting the war. The President's line of reasoning illustrates:

A)base-rate ignorance.
B)the sunk-cost fallacy.
C)the conjunction fallacy.
D)the principle of diminishing returns.

Question 13

In the German language, the sound "ts" is a:

A)phoneme.
B)morpheme.
C)syntax.
D)word.

Question 14

Which of these is an example of telegraphic speech?

A)over the river and through the woods
B)go up and down
C)Daddy drives car
D)turn left and then right

Question 15

The basis of means-ends analysis, as a problem-solving technique, is to:

A)reword a well-defined problem into a heuristic.
B)persist in problem solving until an end state is reached, by any means available.
C)search for a way to reduce differences between a current situation and the desired goal.
D)reword an algorithm into a heuristic.