Question 1

Angelo is a mixed-martial artist. He is fighting Petra, the heavyweight champion. Angelo is terrified of Petra but looks happy and laughs in Petra's face during the stare-down moments before the match. Angelo is using the display rule of:

A)intensification
B)deintensification
C)masking
D)neutralizing

masking

Accepted Answer

Angelo is using masking, which involves displaying an emotion that is different from what one is truly feeling. Despite being terrified, he is showing happiness and laughter.

Question 2

According to the mortality-salience hypothesis, being reminded of the inevitability of our own mortality:&#10;A)eliminates existential terror.&#10;B)strengthens cultural worldviews.&#10;C)reduces religiosity.&#10;D)increases approach behavior and decreases avoidance behavior.

Accepted Answer

The mortality-salience hypothesis suggests that being reminded of one's own death increases the need to strengthen cultural worldviews and beliefs as a psychological defense mechanism against the fear of death. This is supported by research demonstrating that mortality salience leads to increased adherence to cultural and religious worldviews.

Question 3

How would Hull and Spence explain the behavior of a rat pressing a lever for food pellets?&#10;A)The lever press has been classically conditioned.&#10;B)The lever press is an instinctive behavior.&#10;C)The rat is decreasing its hunger drive.&#10;D)The rat is stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

Hull and Spence would explain the behavior as the rat pressing the lever to decrease its hunger drive, as their theories focus on drive reduction as a primary motivator for behavior.

Question 4

The idea that people seek pleasurable experiences and avoid painful experiences is the:&#10;A)avoidance motivation.&#10;B)universality hypothesis.&#10;C)two-factor theory.&#10;D)hedonic principle.

Accepted Answer

The hedonic principle states that people seek pleasurable experiences and avoid painful experiences. This concept is central to many theories of motivation, including drive reduction theory and self-determination theory. Options A, B, and C are not accurate descriptions of this principle.

Question 5

A criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion is that:&#10;A)there are not enough unique patterns of bodily activity to account for the variety of emotional states.&#10;B)emotion often is experienced before physiological arousal.&#10;C)emotion is not associated with physiological arousal.&#10;D)emotion is too delayed from physiological arousal in order for the latter to cause the former.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions are the result of physiological reactions. A criticism is that there aren't enough distinct physiological patterns to account for the wide range of emotions we experience.

Question 6

The six universal facial expressions of emotion are:&#10;A)happiness, sadness, fear, shyness, anger, and surprise.&#10;B)distress, sleepiness, happiness, sadness, anger, and fear.&#10;C)anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, surprise, and fear.&#10;D)fear, anger, depression, relaxed, calm, and excited.

Accepted Answer

The six universal facial expressions of emotion are anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, surprise, and fear. This has been extensively studied by psychologists and cross-culturally validated. The other answer choices include emotions that are not universally recognized or are not considered primary emotions.

Question 7

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion suggests that when you are happy while visiting with some friends, your emotional experience of happiness occurs _____ activity in the body.&#10;A)before&#10;B)simultaneously with&#10;C)after&#10;D)without

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotions occur simultaneously with physiological changes in the body, rather than one causing the other. Therefore, the emotional experience of happiness and the physical activity in the body occur at the same time.

Question 8

You are completing a survey of questions such as, &#34;Anger is more like tense than happy.&#34; Which technique used to study emotion does this illustrate?&#10;A)factor analysis&#10;B)multidimensional scaling&#10;C)analysis of variance&#10;D)two-factor theory

Accepted Answer

This question illustrates multidimensional scaling, which is a technique used to study emotion by asking participants to rate pairs of emotions based on how similar or different they are. The ratings are then used to create a map of how the emotions are related to each other in terms of similarity or dissimilarity.

Question 9

According to _____, the act of smiling will probably make you feel happier.&#10;A)terror management theory&#10;B)the facial feedback hypothesis&#10;C)the universality hypothesis&#10;D)extrinsic motivation

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that the act of smiling (a facial expression) can actually influence our emotions and make us feel happier. This has been supported by research studies.

Question 10

A trained observer is likely to use a morphology feature and look at the _____ to tell if someone is smiling sincerely or just faking a smile.&#10;A)lips&#10;B)entire mouth&#10;C)eyes&#10;D)forehead

Accepted Answer

A trained observer would likely look at the eyes to determine if someone is smiling sincerely or faking a smile. A genuine smile, also known as a Duchenne smile, involves not only the movement of the lips but also the contraction of the muscles around the eyes, creating "crow's feet" wrinkles. A fake smile, on the other hand, typically only involves the movement of the lips and does not activate the eye muscles.

Question 11

Which part of the two-factor model of emotion has been unsupported following subsequent research?&#10;A)People experience different emotions depending on the inferences they draw about the causes of their arousal.&#10;B)All emotional experiences are essentially caused by the same physiological process in the body.&#10;C)Interpretation of physiological arousal is involved in the emotional experience.&#10;D)People may not experience the same emotion even if the physiological arousal is the same.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which part of the two-factor model of...

Question 12

People most often work harder when they are:&#10;A)extrinsically motivated.&#10;B)intrinsically motivated.&#10;C)unconscious.&#10;D)avoiding motivation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People most often work harder when they...

Question 13

Which statement about anorexia is true?&#10;A)Teenagers with anorexia tend to be good students.&#10;B)Anorexia is culturally determined and is not biologically influenced.&#10;C)Anorexia is associated with damage to the lateral hypothalamus.&#10;D)People with anorexia tend to binge eat and then purge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement about anorexia is true?&#10;A)Teenagers with...

Question 14

You look at someone's face and recognize the different types of facial expressions that correspond to different emotions. Which limbic structure is most important for this type of emotion recognition?&#10;A)amygdala&#10;B)hippocampus&#10;C)nucleus accumbens&#10;D)thalamus

Accepted Answer

The answer of You look at someone's face and recognize...

Question 15

Cancer patients who focus on their future recovery may be more likely to experience fewer side effects of chemotherapy than patients who focus on the treatment itself. This may likely reflect _____ of the treatment from a negative to a positive event.

A)repression
B)appraisal
C)reappraisal
D)affective forecasting

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cancer patients who focus on their future...

Deck 8: Section 5: Emotion and Motivation