Deck 2: The Biological Perspective

Question 1

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning is the ________.

A)axon
B)cell membrane
C)dendrite
D)soma

Answer 1

soma

Question 2

Which of the following best represents the order in which a neuron receives and transmits information?

A)dendrites,cell body,axon,axon terminals
B)axon terminals,dendrites,cell body,axon
C)cell body,dendrites,axon terminals,axon
D)axon,cell body,dendrites,axon terminals

Answer 2

dendrites,cell body,axon,axon terminals

Question 3

A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to provide insulation and structure for neurons on which they may develop and work is called a(n)________.

A)epidermal cell
B)adipose cell
C)glial cell
D)myelin sheath

Answer 3

glial cell

Question 4

The part of the neuron whose name literally means "branch" is ________.

A)axon
B)dendrite
C)myelin
D)soma

Question 5

A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called a ________.

A)glial cell
B)neuron
C)cell body
D)myelin sheath

Question 6

The function of the neuron's axon is to ________.

A)carry messages to other cells
B)regulate the neuron's life processes
C)receive messages from neighboring neurons
D)insulate against leakage of electrical impulses

Question 7

Which part of a neuron is attached to the soma and carries messages out to other cells?

A)soma
B)axon
C)dendrite
D)cell membrane

Question 8

The function of the ________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body.

A)soma
B)synapse
C)nervous system
D)endorphins

Question 9

The branch of life sciences which involves the structure and function of the brain and nervous system,while also focusing on the relationship between learning and behavior,is called ________.

A)neuroscience
B)bioscience
C)brain scientology
D)neurostemology

Question 10

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ________.

A)axons
B)nerve bundles
C)dendrites
D)synapses

Question 11

The swellings or knobs at the end of the axon are called ________.

A)axon terminals
B)synaptic vesicles
C)synapses
D)receptor sites

Question 12

Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction.Which of the following sequences will you offer?

A)dendrites,axon,soma,synaptic knob
B)terminal buttons,axon,soma,dendrites
C)axon,soma,dendrites,synaptic knob
D)dendrites,soma,axon,synaptic knob

Question 13

What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon terminals?

A)synaptic vesicles
B)axons
C)dendrites
D)synaptic knobs

Question 14

The nervous system is defined as________.

A)a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body
B)a specialized cell that makes up the brain and nervous system
C)all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run throughout the body itself
D)a gland located in the brain that secretes human growth hormone

Question 15

What are two roles of glial cells?

A)acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons
B)shaping cells and moving new neurons into place
C)regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors
D)monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain

Question 16

The two types of glial cells are called ________ and ________.

A)occipital;lobitical
B)oligodendrocytes;Schwann cells
C)occipital;Schwann
D)oligodendrocytes;lobitical

Question 17

What is the term used to describe the bulbs located at the end of the axon?

A)axon terminals
B)synaptic vesicles
C)synapses
D)receptor sites

Question 18

________ receive messages from other neurons and ________ send messages to other neurons.

A)Axons;dendrites
B)Axon;soma
C)Soma;glial cells
D)Dendrites;axons

Question 19

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?

A)axon
B)soma
C)dendrite
D)cell membrane

Question 20

Dendrite is to axon as:

A)send is to receive.
B)send is to regulate.
C)receive is to send.
D)receive is to release.

Question 21

A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which,when released,has an effect on the next cell is called a ________.

A)glial cell
B)neurotransmitter
C)precursor cell
D)synapse

Question 22

When a neuron fires,it fires in a(n)________ fashion,as there is no such thing as "partial" firing.

A)all-or-none
B)rapid fire
C)accidental patterned
D)quick successioned

Question 23

A nerve is a group of ________ bundled together.

A)axons
B)interneurons
C)dendrites
D)glial cells

Question 24

Which of the following is true about myelin?

A)It's made of a fatty substance.
B)It is covered by axons.
C)It inhibits neural communication.
D)It slows down neuronal operations.

Question 25

What is the function of myelin?

A)to serve as a structure for neurons
B)to monitor neural activity
C)to speed up the neural impulse
D)to produce neurotransmitters

Question 26

The term "fire" when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron:

A)has become less positive in charge.
B)has received,in its dendrites,appropriate inputs from other neurons.
C)is unable to transmit information to another neuron.
D)has become more negative in charge.

Question 27

The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into the ________.

A)myelin sheath
B)axon
C)synapse
D)synaptic vesicle

Question 28

Which of the following are tiny sacs in an axon terminal that release chemicals into the synapse?

A)synaptic vesicles
B)synaptic nodes
C)terminal buttons
D)synaptic gaps

Question 29

The charge that a neuron at rest maintains is due to the presence of a high number of _________ charged ions inside the neuron's membrane.

A)actively
B)passively
C)negatively
D)positively

Question 30

The fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell is called the ________.

A)receptor site
B)synapse
C)synaptic knob
D)axon terminal

Question 31

A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called a ________.

A)synaptic vesicle
B)nerve
C)neurilemma
D)myelinated pathway

Question 32

________ are holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters.

A)Neurotransmitters
B)Axons
C)Synaptic vesicles
D)Receptor sites

Question 33

When the electric potential in a cell is in action versus a resting state,this electrical charge reversal is known as the ________.

A)resting potential
B)excitation reaction
C)action potential
D)permeable reaction

Question 34

The saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals are called ________.

A)axon terminals
B)synapses
C)synaptic vesicles
D)receptor sites

Question 35

When a cell is "at rest," it is in a state called the ________.

A)stopping point
B)obcipitation junction
C)resting potential
D)action potential

Question 36

During action potential,the electrical charge inside the neuron is ________ the electrical charge outside the neuron.

A)positive compared to
B)larger than
C)negative compared to
D)smaller than

Question 37

The state during which a neuron contains more negatively charged ions inside the cell than outside the cell and is not firing is referred to as the ________.

A)action potential
B)quiet potential
C)synaptic potential
D)resting potential

Question 38

The term neurotransmitter refers to ________.

A)a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse
B)any one of a number of chemical compounds that increase the activity of the endocrine system
C)the chemical substance found in the cell membrane
D)the DNA contained in the nucleus of every neuron

Question 39

What do we call the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural impulse?

A)action potential
B)resting potential
C)myelination signal
D)transmission impulse

Question 40

One purpose of the ________ is to speed up the neural message traveling down the axon.

A)receptor site
B)axon terminal
C)myelin
D)synaptic vesicle

Question 41

Endorphins are ________.

A)found where neurons meet skeletal muscles
B)less powerful than enkaphalins
C)pain-controlling chemicals
D)radically different in function from neurotransmitters

Question 42

The brain and spinal cord are two components of the ______.

A)central nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)peripheral nervous system
D)autonomic nervous system

Question 43

Sara has been experiencing a serious memory problem.An interdisciplinary team has ruled out a range of causes and believes that a neurotransmitter is involved.Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in this problem?

A)GABA
B)dopamine
C)serotonin
D)acetylcholine

Question 44

Isabella is putting mustard on her hot dog.She realizes she has put too much and sucks up some of it back into the squeeze bottle.This process is similar to:

A)the action potential.
B)receptor site bindings.
C)binding specificity.
D)reuptake.

Question 45

GABA functions as _________.

A)the major neurotransmitter involved in voluntary movements
B)an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
C)the neurotransmitter responsible for slowing intestinal activity during stress
D)the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Question 46

Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

A)serotonin
B)GABA
C)acetylcholine
D)norepinephrine

Question 47

Reuptake is ________.

A)a chemical that is released into the synaptic gap
B)a protein molecule on the dendrite or cell body of a neuron that will interact only with specific neurotransmitters
C)a process by which neurotransmitters are sucked back into the synaptic vesicles
D)a chemical that plays a role in learning and attention

Question 48

________ plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles to contract.

A)Acetylcholine
B)GABA
C)Dopamine
D)Endorphin

Question 49

Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems.Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?

A)GABA
B)dopamine
C)serotonin
D)acetylcholine

Question 50

_________ synapses make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons,whereas ________ synapses make it less likely that a neuron will send its message.

A)Excitatory;inhibitory
B)Inhibitory;excitatory
C)Augmentation;depletion
D)Depletion;augmentation

Question 51

The effect of alcohol is to enhance the effect of _________,which causes the general inhibition of the nervous system associated with getting drunk.

A)GABA
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine

Question 52

How is acetylcholine removed from the synapse?

A)It is broken down by an enzyme.
B)It is taken back up in the synapse.
C)It dissipates in the surrounding body fluids.
D)Acetylcholine is one of the few neurotransmitters that is continually present in the synapse.

Question 53

Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep,mood,and appetite?

A)GABA
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine

Question 54

Pain-controlling chemicals in the body are called ________.

A)neural regulators
B)histamines
C)androgens
D)endorphins

Question 55

Agonist is to antagonist as:

A)neuromodulator is to neurotransmitter.
B)reuptake is to receptor.
C)mimic is to block.
D)block is to mimic.

Question 56

Because they have similar chemical structures,morphine and heroin are able to lock into receptor sites for ________.

A)GABA
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)endorphins

Question 57

Curare,a poison,works by ________.

A)blocking receptor sites and acting as an antagonist for acetylcholine
B)stimulating the release of excessive amounts of acetylcholine
C)stimulating the release of neurotransmitters
D)inhibiting the production of inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 58

Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock?

A)synapses
B)receptor sites
C)neural chiasms
D)response terminals

Question 59

After being bitten by a black widow spider,Jean starts to convulse.This is a result of ________.

A)a lack of GABA being released into her bloodstream
B)a resurgence of neurotransmitters overstimulating her brain stem
C)a surge of chemicals blocking the transmission of fluids to the spinal cord
D)a flood of acetylcholine releasing into the body's muscle system

Question 60

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

A)brain;spinal cord
B)autonomic;somatic nervous systems
C)peripheral nervous system;central nervous system
D)glands;muscles

Question 61

Cameron touches a hot iron and immediately pulls his hand away.His quick response occurs because _______.

A)the pain message goes up the spinal column to the central area of the spinal cord instead of going all the way to the brain
B)the brain has registered that pain is occurring and responds quickly
C)his glands have secreted chemical messengers called hormones
D)neurons in the spinal cord touch end to end to increase response speed

Question 62

Voluntary muscles are controlled by the ________ nervous system.

A)somatic
B)autonomic
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic

Question 63

Why do many reflexes,such as pulling your hand away from a hot iron,happen so quickly?

A)They involve the neurotransmitter GABA rather than dopamine.
B)The message involved does not have to go all the way to the brain.
C)The speed of processing is faster in the frontal lobes than in the occipital lobes.
D)The path that reflexes follow to the brain is direct and does not involve any neurotransmitters.

Question 64

The long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain and is responsible for very fast,lifesaving reflexes is called the ________.

A)spinal cord
B)brain
C)reflexes
D)interneurons

Question 65

The division of the nervous system that allows the brain and the spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems of the eyes,ears,skin,and mouth,and allows the brain and spinal cord to control the muscles and glands of the body,is called the ________.

A)peripheral nervous system
B)central nervous system
C)endocrine system
D)secondary nervous system

Question 66

Neurons that carry information from the senses to the spinal cord are called ________.

A)motor neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)reflexes

Question 67

Which of the following are the three basic types of neurons?

A)reflexes,sensory neurons,motor neurons
B)sensory neurons,motor neurons,stem cells
C)motor neurons,stem cells,reflexes
D)interneurons,sensory neurons,motor neurons

Question 68

The peripheral nervous system consists of ________.

A)all of the nerve cells that are not in the brain and spinal cord
B)all of the nerves in the brain and the spinal cord
C)the spinal cord and autonomic system
D)the brain and the autonomic system

Question 69

LaKeisha stepped on a piece of glass and quickly pulled her foot away from that sharp object.Which of the following are responsible for sending a message to the muscles in LaKeisha's foot,resulting in her pulling her foot away from the piece of glass?

A)motor neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)reflexes

Question 70

Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses,makes sense out of it,makes decisions,and sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?

A)spinal cord
B)brain
C)reflexes
D)interneurons

Question 71

Which statement is untrue about the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A)The PNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
B)The PNS consists of the nerves and neurons not in the central nervous system (CNS).
C)The PNS allows the brain and spinal cord to coordinate with sensory systems.
D)The PNS allows the brain and spinal cord to coordinate with muscles and glands in the body.

Question 72

Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons?

A)motor neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)reflexes

Question 73

Which of the following is a long bundle of neurons that functions as a carrier of messages to and from the brain to the body and is responsible for certain reflexes?

A)spinal cord
B)cerebellum
C)somatic nervous system
D)amygdala

Question 74

The peripheral nervous system consists of the ________ and ________ nervous systems.

A)autonomic;somatic
B)autonomic;sympathetic
C)parasympathetic;somatic
D)parasympathetic;sympathetic

Question 75

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that is made up of all nerves carrying messages from the senses to the central nervous system and all nerves carrying messages from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles is called the _________.

A)autonomic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)somatic nervous system
D)central nervous system

Question 76

Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing.One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident.This is an example of the brain's ______,which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.

A)adaptology
B)stagnation
C)neuroplasticity
D)reflex arc

Question 77

Mary put her hand on a hot stove.Which neuron is responsible for sending a pain message up her spinal column,where it would then enter into the main area of the cord?

A)motor neuron
B)interneuron
C)sensory neuron
D)reflex

Question 78

Neurons found in the center of the spinal cord that receive information from the sensory neurons and send commands to the muscles through the motor neurons are called ________.

A)motor neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)reflexes

Question 79

The central nervous system consists of ______.

A)the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
B)the brain and spinal cord
C)muscles and glands
D)sense organs and sensory neurons

Question 80

Neuroplasticity is most evident in which of the following circumstances?

A)during the elderly years
B)when we learn something new or store new information
C)when reuptake of excess neurotransmitters is taking place
D)when we are trying to undo previous pruning