Deck 16: D: Psychological and Biological Treatments

Question 1

The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called

A)interpersonal therapy.
B)physical therapy.
C)biomedical therapy.
D)psychotherapy.

Answer 1

psychotherapy.

Question 2

A therapist is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding and awareness of his motives and actions.This therapist is most likely to be a(n)

A)behavioural therapist.
B)insight therapist.
C)action therapist.
D)cognitive therapist.

Answer 2

insight therapist.

Question 3

One study showed that therapists used to prefer treating particular clients,namely under the category of YAVIS.What does the "S" stand for in this model?

A)Successful
B)Sexy
C)Sensationalistic
D)Serious

Answer 3

Successful

Question 4

What predicts whether a particular ethnic group has a positive attitude toward psychotherapy and would be more likely to seek help?

A)Higher intelligence
B)Prior positive therapy experiences
C)Culturally sensitive therapists
D)Cultural stigmas surrounding psychotherapy

Question 5

A therapist is more likely to be effective when they which of the following characteristics?

A)They remain detached and unsympathetic.
B)They establish a sterile working relationship with patients.
C)They contradict patients to challenge their thought patterns.
D)They match their approach to the needs of the patient.

Question 6

Which of the following professionals offers counselling and support in spiritual context (mainly through wellness programs)to groups,families,and couples?

A)Pastoral counsellor
B)Clinical social worker
C)Mental health counsellor
D)Clinical psychologist

Question 7

One study showed that therapists used to prefer treating particular clients,namely under the category of YAVIS.What does the "V" stand for in this model?

A)Verbal
B)Visual
C)Venerable
D)Visceral

Question 8

Females benefit ________ males when receiving psychotherapy for their emotional or mental difficulties.

A)equally as much as
B)more than
C)less than
D)substantially more than

Question 9

_____________ is an intervention designed to help people deal with and manage emotional,behavioural,and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives.

A)Interpersonal therapy
B)Psychopathology
C)Psychotherapy
D)Biomedical therapy

Question 10

When it comes to the success of psychotherapy,the choice of __________ may often matter more than the choice of __________.

A)therapy;therapist
B)treatment;duration
C)therapist;therapy
D)duration;treatment

Question 11

Which of the following professionals works at university clinics and mental health centres;they often treat people with less severe psychological problems.

A)Counselling psychologist
B)Clinical social worker
C)Mental health counsellor
D)Clinical psychologist

Question 12

_________________ are persons who work in the helping field and provide mental health services,but have no formal professional training.

A)School psychologists
B)Paraprofessionals
C)Mental health counsellors

Question 13

One study showed that therapists used to prefer treating particular clients,namely under the category of YAVIS.What does the "I" stand for in this model?

A)Intelligent
B)Independent
C)Irate
D)Institutionalized

Question 14

Which of the following professionals is trained as a medical doctor and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting?

A)Psychiatrist
B)Clinical social worker
C)Mental health counsellor
D)Clinical psychologist

Question 15

Which of the following statements indicates that a therapist should be in a good position to help you?

A)My therapist encourages me to confront challenges and solve problems.
B)My therapist has a "one size fits all" approach to all problems.
C)My therapist tells me exactly what to do,and often shares personal anecdotes.
D)My therapist does not discuss the scientific support for what he or she is doing.

Question 16

Which of the following persons is most likely to seek help for his or her mental health difficulty?

A)Marie,a 45-year-old Caucasian female
B)Byron,a recently naturalized U.S.citizen from South Africa
C)Julia,who entered the United States illegally from Venezuela
D)Ralph,a 65-year-old postal worker

Question 17

Which of the following professionals works in hospitals,community health centres,primary care facilities,and outpatient mental health clinics;they often have an associate's degree,and can manage medications?

A)Psychiatric nurse
B)Clinical social worker
C)Mental health counsellor
D)Clinical psychologist

Question 18

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people

A)feedback from their biologically controlled responses.
B)clearer understanding and awareness of their feelings,motivations,and actions.
C)basic training in observational learning and practice.
D)help in understanding perceptual processes.

Question 19

What is one advantage to consulting a professional,rather than a less experienced therapist?

A)They are likely to select treatments with demonstrated scientific effectiveness.
B)They are likely to be more defensive to provide challenges to the client to meet.
C)Therapy with professionals is more likely to be effective in treating problems.
D)They are more likely to be warm,caring,empathic,and provide learning opportunities.

Question 20

One study showed that therapists used to prefer treating particular clients,namely under the category of YAVIS.What does the "A" stand for in this model?

A)Attractive
B)Affluent
C)Agreeable
D)Amicable

Question 21

In interpreting a dream,a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's

A)deep content.
B)surface content.
C)manifest content.
D)latent content.

Question 22

Dr.Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts,urges,and desires,which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behaviour.This therapist is most likely using

A)psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy.
B)humanistic-existential therapy.
C)cognitive-behavioural therapy.
D)behavioural therapy.

Question 23

The Freudian idea of working through was most important ________ insight had been achieved.

A)exactly as
B)immediately before
C)long before
D)after

Question 24

Which of the following approaches is used by psychoanalytic therapists?

A)Unconditional positive regard
B)Phenomenology
C)Resistance
D)Transduction

Question 25

Jung is to ____________ as Freud is to _____________.

A)collective unconscious;amplification
B)individuation;transference
C)latent content;prognostic dreams
D)resistance;archetypes

Question 26

Bart is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes.After a few minutes of relaxing,the therapist asks Bart to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences.Bart is experiencing the therapeutic technique of

A)systematic desensitization.
B)active confrontation.
C)free association.
D)empathy.

Question 27

The neo-Freudians would have been least likely to emphasize the importance of conscious ________ impulses and needs in a therapeutic setting.

A)sexual
B)social
C)dependence
D)status

Question 28

Meagan has been undergoing psychoanalysis for a few months.At a session several weeks ago,her therapist confronted her about her underlying need for attention and love that is unfulfilled and suggested this as the reason for her sexual promiscuity.This made her uncomfortable to talk about and she tried to redirect the topic on to other issues in her life.Since that session,she has cancelled three more sessions with her therapist.What process would the therapist say is occurring?

A)Transference
B)Working through
C)Conditions of worth
D)Resistance

Question 29

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as

A)behavioural.
B)insight.
C)cognitive.
D)biological.

Question 30

During free association,a patient may become unwilling to talk about certain topics.What term would a psychoanalyst use to describe this change in the patient's willingness to verbalize?

A)Free association
B)Transference
C)Working through
D)Resistance

Question 31

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her.The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association and positive and negative transference.This is an example of ______ therapy.

A)psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
B)humanistic-existential
C)cognitive-behavioural
D)behavioural

Question 32

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date.His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist.The therapist tells Steve to lie down on the couch and relax.The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head.Steve eventually talks about his fear of women,which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother,her friends,his teachers,and so on.Steve is using

A)free association.
B)transference.
C)working through.
D)resistance.

Question 33

In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?

A)Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
B)Humanistic-existential
C)Cognitive-behavioural
D)Behavioural

Question 34

Carlita has just come from her first therapy session.To better understand Carlita's generalized anxiety,the therapist asked her to talk about her childhood experiences and interactions with her parents and has asked her to keep a dream journal for the next several weeks.With which orientation is this therapy most consistent?

A)Humanistic-existential
B)Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
C)Behavioural
D)Eclectic

Question 35

George begins to project his anxieties and unresolved feelings about his mother onto his therapist.This is what Sigmund Freud would have called

A)free association.
B)transference.
C)working through.
D)resistance.

Question 36

What did Jung believe was the goal of psychotherapy?

A)Amplification
B)Uncovering unconscious impulses
C)Dealing with the inferiority complex
D)Individuation

Question 37

According to Freud,the ___________ of the dream refers to the client's memory of the observable things,people,and events in the dream.

A)deep content
B)surface content
C)manifest content
D)latent content

Question 38

Joe has been undergoing psychoanalysis for several months.Over the past few weeks,he has become unwilling to talk about his relationship with his father and becomes uncomfortable when thoughts of him enter his mind during therapy.What process would the therapist say is occurring?

A)Free association
B)Transference
C)Working through
D)Resistance

Question 39

What category of therapy is most concerned with improving a client's awareness of the underlying causes of his or her difficulties?

A)Behavioural
B)Insight
C)Cognitive
D)Biological

Question 40

As Celine begins to reveal more and more of her innermost thoughts and feelings to her therapist,she begins to feel good about him as well as accepted by him.She develops a sense of trust,particularly because he does not criticize her.What process is occurring?

A)Free association
B)Transference
C)Working through
D)Resistance

Question 41

Positive outcomes are attained in person-centred therapy when the therapist satisfied each of the following conditions except

A)the therapist must be willing to utilize directive listening to guide the patient's interpretations.
B)the therapist must be an authentic,genuine person who reveals their own reactions.
C)the therapist must express unconditional positive regard for the feelings of the patient.
D)the therapist must relate to the patients with empathic understanding.

Question 42

Carl Rogers asserts that an effective psychotherapist will

A)provide unconditional positive regard and display empathy toward his or her client.
B)interpret important transference and resistance behaviours for his or her client.
C)actively confront and challenge his or her client's erroneous beliefs.
D)seek to identify how negative reinforcement is promoting maladaptive behaviours,feelings,and/or thoughts for an individual.

Question 43

What is the primary goal of the therapist in person-centred therapy?

A)To provide unconditional positive regard
B)To facilitate transference
C)To eliminate undesirable behaviours
D)To help the client become more aware of his or her own feelings

Question 44

Interpersonal therapy was originally designed by Sullivan as a treatment for

A)panic attacks.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)eating disorders.
D)depression.

Question 45

Humanistic psychotherapists would be most likely to work with their clients to focus their attention to the ________ rather than to the ________.

A)present;past
B)present;future
C)past;present
D)future;past

Question 46

Carmelo is giving a report to his graduate seminar on research on the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies.Which point would you be most likely to hear him make if you were in that seminar?

A)Practising new,adaptive behaviours is more important than gaining insight into one's unconscious conflicts.
B)Active confrontation of irrational thinking and the display of empathy are two important psychodynamic therapeutic techniques.
C)Unconscious motives clearly impact our daily behaviour in many different and important ways.
D)Claims of repressed traumatic memories are a growing problem and there is strong research to support the validity of such claims.

Question 47

Dr.Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions.What type of therapy is Dr.Graham practising?

A)Person-centred
B)Cognitive
C)Behavioural
D)Psychoanalytic

Question 48

The main difference between the humanistic and other therapies is the

A)importance of gaining insight into one's difficulties.
B)importance of the present over the past.
C)importance of positive self-fulfillment in guiding one's behaviour and thoughts.
D)importance of the client-therapist relationship.

Question 49

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment.She provides Judy with warmth and respect,without any conditions attached.Her therapist is demonstrating

A)unconditional positive regard.
B)genuineness.
C)reflection.
D)nondirective counter-transference.

Question 50

Research concerning repressed memories of trauma has found that

A)traumatic events are often more memorable and less subject to forgetting than everyday events.
B)it is common for people to repress memories of traumatic experiences that manifest themselves into psychological symptoms.
C)highly disturbing events are frequently repressed or poorly remembered relative to other types of emotional experiences.
D)there are no differences in the recall of traumatic or non-traumatic events,both are subject to forgetting and remembering.

Question 51

According to interpersonal therapy,the analyst should assume the role of

A)the problem.
B)the teacher.
C)the participant observer.
D)the observer.

Question 52

_______________ is a one- to two-session procedure geared towards clarifying and bringing forth reasons for changing behaviours that many clients are ambivalent about changing.

A)Psychoanalysis
B)Person-centred therapy
C)Motivational interviewing
D)Gestalt therapy

Question 53

Person-centred therapists often use a technique called _____________ to mirror back the client's feelings and communicate with them.

A)free association
B)dream analysis
C)reflection
D)transference

Question 54

Which claim concerning psychodynamic therapy is accurate?

A)Brief psychodynamic therapy is better than receiving no treatment.
B)Current difficulties often stem from repression of traumatic childhood events.
C)Psychodynamic concepts are well supported by empirical studies.
D)Psychodynamic therapies promote insight better than any other approach.

Question 55

Lionel has been in therapy for four weeks now.At the first meeting with his therapist,the therapist waited for Lionel to begin discussing why he was there and what he hoped to gain from the session.The therapist also reminds Lionel that he is responsible for solving his own problems.Lionel's therapist is making use of

A)Frankl's logotherapy.
B)Jung's analytic therapy.
C)Beck's cognitive therapy.
D)Rogers's person-centred therapy.

Question 56

Person-centred therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

A)insight
B)behavioural
C)cognitive
D)reality

Question 57

What type of therapy would be least effective for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia?

A)Cognitive-behavioural therapy
B)Biological treatments
C)Psychodynamic therapy
D)Electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 58

Kennedy meets with a therapist who is trying to merge her "quiet expert" with her "risk taker" so that she'll become a complete "risky expert." This would be an example of

A)Gestalt therapy.
B)person-centred therapy.
C)logotherapy.
D)rational emotive behaviour therapy.

Question 59

The person-centred therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing.This process is referred to as

A)empathy.
B)unconditional positive regard.
C)conditions of worth.
D)reflection.

Question 60

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached,no matter what the client may say or do,is called

A)unconditional positive regard.
B)genuineness.
C)reflection.
D)conditions of worth.

Question 61

A strategic family therapist who instructs a family to have dinner together each night and discuss their everyday activities openly with each other has used a(n)_______________ as a therapeutic approach.

A)paradoxical request
B)directive
C)immersion method
D)exposure technique

Question 62

Family counselling is a form of ______ therapy

A)informal
B)insight
C)group
D)organic

Question 63

In family therapy,a therapist seeks to understand

A)why some families seem to experience more problems than others.
B)how family members can help someone with a psychological disorder live a productive life.
C)how family member interactions lead to personal problems and difficulties.
D)how a person's psychological disorder creates stress for those who love him or her.

Question 64

According to the authors,the claims of Alcoholics Anonymous's success

A)have largely gone unrecognized by the scientific community.
B)can be applied to other problems of impulse control.
C)is supported by the available data.
D)is not supported by the available data.

Question 65

Gestalt therapy's _______ technique aims to integrate opposing aspects of the client's personality,such as the "good boy" and the "spoiled brat."

A)two-chair
B)role-playing
C)logical analysis
D)dream analysis

Question 66

_______ refers to a treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in everyday family activities to change how family members arrange and organize interactions.

A)Structural family therapy
B)Structural family intervention
C)Strategic group intervention
D)Strategic family intervention

Question 67

Which person might benefit the most from a group therapy environment?

A)Suzanne,who has schizophrenia
B)Richard,who is withdrawn
C)Jasmine,who is uncomfortable in social settings
D)Elena,who is very sociable

Question 68

According to relapse prevention (RP)treatment,when an alcoholic experiences a lapse,it may become a relapse (resumed drinking)if they feel ashamed,guilty,or discouraged.This is known as the _______________.

A)third step in the "12-Step" program
B)abstinence violation effect
C)thought suppression and rebound effect
D)dialectical behaviour effect

Question 69

A type of therapy in which three or more clients assemble regularly and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ______ therapy.

A)self-help
B)organic
C)group
D)informal

Question 70

The two-chair technique is to __________ as individuation is to _________.

A)Gestalt therapy;Jungian analytic therapy
B)person-centred therapy;implosive therapy
C)logotherapy;the phenomenological approach
D)behavioural therapy;psychodynamic therapy

Question 71

Gestalt therapy is an outgrowth of the work of ______.

A)Fritz Perls
B)Carl Rogers
C)Victor Frankl
D)Albert Ellis

Question 72

_______ refers to a lapse in sobriety that can lead to continued drinking if people feel ashamed,guilty,or discouraged when they lapse.

A)Relapse prevention
B)Counterintuitive relapse
C)Counterproductive relapse
D)The abstinence violation effect

Question 73

The family therapy approach designed to remove barriers to effective communication is called

A)structural family therapy.
B)structural family intervention.
C)strategic group intervention.
D)strategic family intervention.

Question 74

One of the main goals of __________________ is to teach people that a lapse does not mean a relapse.

A)relapse prevention
B)abstinence violation
C)controlled drinking
D)Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 75

A concern with nearly all "12-Step" approaches,such as Alcoholics Anonymous,to dealing with various problems with living is that

A)no research evidence exists for the effectiveness of these approaches.
B)relapse is unavoidable.
C)they promote feelings of helplessness to control and change one's behaviour.
D)physical diseases are never cured but rather go into remission.

Question 76

In the treatment of alcoholism,research has demonstrated that _____________________ can be an effective approach for some addicts,and that the success of ____________________ is not supported by empirical evidence.

A)Alcoholics Anonymous;relapse prevention
B)relapse prevention;controlled drinking
C)relapse prevention;Alcoholic Anonymous
D)controlled drinking;relapse prevention

Question 77

According to the strategic family therapy approach,families often single out one family member as the ___________ when the problem is actually rooted in the communication and interactional patterns of all family members.

A)paradoxical patient
B)family beacon
C)scapegoat
D)family spokesperson

Question 78

The ideas of being authentic and attaining self-actualization suffer from not being easily

A)falsified.
B)correlated.
C)parsimonious.
D)replicated.

Question 79

Psychologists find group therapy to be an effective approach to treatment because

A)it is more effective at producing lasting changes than the individual treatments.
B)they can make more money.
C)it allows participants to practise new skills in a safe environment.
D)they interact less with each individual patient.

Question 80

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist?

A)To facilitate transference
B)To eliminate undesirable behaviours
C)To provide unconditional positive regard
D)To help clients become more aware of their own feelings