Deck 3: Thinking Upstream: Nursing Theories and Population-Focused Nursing Practice

Question 1

A community health nurse is using the health belief model (HBM) as a basis for providing client care. Which of the following best describe the problems associated with using the HBM? (Select all that apply.)

A) It ignores the need to reduce health system barriers to action.
B) It is extremely difficult to change the client's belief system.
C) It is the nurse's responsibility to persuade clients to engage in the appropriate behavior.
D) Clients do not have the knowledge to correctly analyze the seriousness of the disease or their susceptibility to it.
E) Clients expect health professionals to take preventive actions for them.
F) The choice and the burden for acting are entirely with the client.

Answer 1

It ignores the need to reduce health system barriers to action.
The choice and the burden for acting are entirely with the client.

Question 2

A nurse is using the critical theoretical perspective in daily nursing practice. Which of the following activities would the nurse most likely complete?

A) Criticize health insurance programs as a barrier to health care
B) Expose social values underlying the health care system
C) Promote individual freedom and decision making
D) Exert control over the client's environment

Answer 2

Expose social values underlying the health care system

Question 3

A nurse has accepted a new position in a public health department. Which of the following characteristics is crucial to the nurse's success?

A) Advanced educational preparation
B) Being knowledgeable about the community's needs
C) Listening and showing respect
D) Caring and empathetic personality

Answer 3

Listening and showing respect

Question 4

A client did not attend the clinic for required follow-up care after his extensive surgery. Which of the following would be the most appropriate conclusion for the nurse to make?

A) The client is noncompliant.
B) The client is suffering from self-neglect.
C) The health care system is not meeting the client's perceived needs.
D) The health care system is not accessible for the client.
E) The nurse has not motivated the client appropriately.

Question 5

A nurse is using a macroscopic approach when providing care. Which of the following would the nurse most likely demonstrate?

A) Emphasizing behaviors that will help in healing
B) Examining the family's responses to illness
C) Explaining how these actions will help in healing
D) Providing testimony to legislators concerning proposed legislation

Question 6

Which of the following assumptions of the health belief model (HBM) is problematic?

A) People have both free will and access to health resources.
B) People listen to the advice given by health care professionals.
C) People are influenced by health messages given over media channels.
D) People make what they perceive as rational decisions in a given situation.

Question 7

Which of the following statements best describes the major assumption of the health belief model (HBM)?

A) People will act if action is both easy and convenient.
B) People will act if exposed to fear messages stressing their vulnerability.
C) The major determinant of preventive health behavior is avoiding disease.
D) The major determinant of preventive behavior is providing proper health education.

Question 8

A nurse is using Milio's approach when caring for a client. Which of the following advantages will the nurse experience?

A) It will allow for care interventions outside the hospital system.
B) It will demonstrate the effectiveness of using a variety of community resources. .
C) It will encourage the assessment of the personal and societal resources of the client.
D) It facilitates open communication between the client and the nurse.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes a weakness of early nursing theories?

A) Many nurses did not know or understand the theoretical basis of nursing practice.
B) Most nursing theories focused on microscopic individual concerns.
C) The theories did not reflect the actual world of nursing practice.
D) The theories had global applicability to nursing practice.

Question 10

Which of the following assumptions makes Orem's theory difficult to use?

A) That nurses will always be caring for families and groups
B) That clients are able to control their environment
C) That clients recognize the need for nursing intervention
D) That teaching clients self-care is the primary goal of nursing practice

Question 11

A nurse is using the critical theoretical perspective in practice. Which of the following best describes how the nurse would respond when a client suggests that the physician prescribe a widely advertised medication for tension and anxiety? (Select all that apply.)

A) Can you tell me what is going on in your life right now?
B) Do you know anyone else who is suffering such tension and anxiety?
C) How does your family feel about you having so much tension and anxiety?
D) Would you consider using the generic equivalent of this medication?
E) What led you to believe this medication would be of help to you?
F) What have you tried in the past to relieve tension and anxiety?

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of nursing theory?

A) To improve nursing practice
B) To demonstrate that nursing is a profession
C) To organize nursing knowledge
D) To serve as a basis for ongoing nursing research

Question 13

Which of the following statements best summarizes Lillian Wald's achievements?

A) She suggested new nursing specialties.
B) She demonstrated how to improve health in communities.
C) She gave expert clinical nursing care to her clients.
D) She was appointed a national nursing leader.

Question 14

A nurse is using Healthy People 2020 as a guide to improve the health and well-being of the community. Which of the following strategies would the nurse most likely implement?

A) Address the root causes of health problems
B) Choose one of the 28 focal areas for emphasis in funding and media attention
C) Concentrate on the goals of improving the quality of life
D) Continue funding expansion of the health care system
E) Expand efforts to put all medical records on electronic media

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes "thinking upstream"?

A) Focus on economic, political, and environmental factors
B) Prepare for your nursing career long-term goals by planning now
C) Seek causes of water and air pollution "upstream" from cities
D) Try to understand how or why someone got ill

Question 16

Which of the following health-related variables is examined by the critical theoretical perspective?

A) Cultural beliefs
B) Effect of history and tradition
C) Ethnic and racial differences
D) Social inequalities

Question 17

Which of the following is most closely associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes?

A) Number of physicians per capita
B) Insurance status
C) Crime rate
D) Personality traits

Question 18

A nurse has a broad, aggregate focus when providing care to clients. Which of the following best describes how this approach will help improve client outcomes? (Select all that apply.)

A) Ensures that collaborative efforts of many professionals will be used
B) Confirms the individual's responsibility for resolving the health problem
C) Empowers decision-making based on both individual and community goals, needs, and priorities
D) Enables the nurse to ask for assistance from other community professionals
E) Encourages allocation of time for population-focused preventive efforts
F) Upholds professional nursing standards of care

Question 19

A nurse is using Milio's framework for prevention to improve the health of clients. Which of the following would the nurse most likely implement?

A) Create appropriate national health policies
B) Develop health programs that make healthy choices the easiest choices
C) Promote nationwide educational programs with information on making healthy choices
D) Stress that clients are responsible for their own health

Question 20

A nurse is using Milio's framework to promote healthy eating choices among members of the community. Which of the following interventions would the nurse most likely implement?

A) Provide community education about healthy food choices
B) Promote legislation to increase taxation on unhealthy food choices
C) Lobby for health insurance providers to pay for participation in health promotion programs
D) Encourage community members to be responsible for making healthy choices

Question 21

According to the critical theoretical perspective, which of the following should be held responsible for many of the illnesses of Americans today? (Select all that apply.)

A) Advertisers who market sugar- and fat-saturated food products
B) Alcoholic beverage manufacturers, marketers, and sellers
C) Manufacturers of products that increase morbidity and mortality
D) Corporations who modify their emission rates
E) Restaurants that attempt to keep meal costs low
F) Tobacco manufacturers who sponsor sports events