Deck 4: Gender Inequality

Question 1

In 1972, Congress passed Title IX, an Amendment to the Civil Rights Act, which

A)allocated federal funds for scholarships to allow women to attend college.
B)insisted upon comparable worth policies in wage schedules for government jobs.
C)banned discrimination on the basis of sex in any educational program receiving federal funding.
D)required men and women to compete in the same college sports.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which major armed conflict marked the first time the government officially opened the military to both sexes?

A)the Revolutionary War
B)the Civil War
C)World War II
D)the Iraq War

Answer 2

C

Question 3

To find statements in support of the traditional dominance of men over women, you could look among the prayers and sacred texts for which religion(s)?

A)only Christianity
B)only Judaism
C)only Islam
D)Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In which of the following U.S. jobs are more than 99 percent of workers women?

A)college professor
B)police officer
C)dental hygienist
D)taxi driver

Question 5

Lakshmi lives in a rural part of India. She fed her second baby daughter poisonous oleander instead of milk, until the baby died. The practice of female infanticide in countries like India and China is still prevalent because

A)the Indian government only allows one child per family.
B)she wanted to inherit the baby's fortune.
C)there is a strong pro-male bias in many poor countries.
D)of untreated postpartum depression.

Question 6

In the United States today, what percentage of adult women are working for income?

A)about 18 percent
B)about 38 percent
C)about 58 percent
D)about 88 percent

Question 7

In 2014 how many of the 435 members of the House of Representatives were women?

A)79
B)148
C)213
D)353

Question 8

The major reason that men earn more than women on average is that

A)the law sets higher wages for men in many jobs.
B)men have greater financial needs than women do.
C)men and women typically hold different types of jobs.
D)men have more education than women do.

Question 9

Which term refers to a social pattern in which males dominate females?

A)gender stratification
B)patriarchy
C)sexual discrimination
D)natural order

Question 10

As of 2014, women in the United States earn what share of all bachelor's degrees?

A)5 percent
B)23 percent
C)48 percent
D)57 percent

Question 11

Gender stereotypes divide humanity by constructing femininity and masculinity in

A)completely factual ways.
B)different and often opposing terms.
C)ways that favor women.
D)exactly the same terms.

Question 12

Which term refers to the personal traits and life chances that a society links to being female or male?

A)sex
B)gender
C)patriarchy
D)sexual orientation

Question 13

In 2012, women were what percent of the U.S. military personnel fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan?

A)0
B)5
C)15
D)45 (

Question 14

The 2010 median pay for full-time employed workers was $49,398 for men; for women it was

A)$17,791.
B)$27,791.
C)$37,791.
D)$47,791.

Question 15

Which term refers to the biological distinction between females and males?

A)sex
B)gender
C)patriarchy
D)sexual orientation

Question 16

If you were to view television advertising in the United States, you would NOT expect to see women who are

A)lying down.
B)taller than the men they are with.
C)selling clothing or cleaning products.
D)appearing in childlike poses.

Question 17

According to Jessie Bernard, traditional marriage benefits men more than women because

A)it puts women under the control of men.
B)marriage is a deeply flawed social institution.
C)it gives women power over men.
D)fewer women than men ever get married.

Question 18

What term refers to the assertion that one sex is innately superior to the other?

A)sexism
B)elitism
C)racism
D)gender stratification

Question 19

A society's unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women is called

A)patriarchy.
B)matriarchy.
C)gender stratification.
D)sexual orientation.

Question 20

Women in the United States gained the right to vote in

A)1789.
B)1865.
C)1920.
D)1965.

Question 21

Social-conflict theories of gender

A)focus on the gender inequalities by which men have had power over women.
B)put a human face on gender, showing how gender is at work in everyday life.
C)help explain how gender roles have, throughout history, been useful to society's operation.
D)promote the integration of society.

Question 22

When visiting friends, Jean sits with her ankles crossed and tucked under her chair, keeping her elbows close to her sides. Her husband, Jack, moves around the room, gesturing freely. This is an example of how men use space differently from women because

A)men are bigger than women.
B)men have more power than women.
C)men think little about their use of space.
D)women's social power is more subtle.

Question 23

Naomi Wolf links which element of our culture to men having power over women?

A)our cultural ideas about parenting
B)our cultural ideas about sports
C)our cultural ideas about beauty
D)our cultural ideas about work

Question 24

Feminism is the study of gender with the goal of

A)learning, rather than causing change.
B)avoiding political controversy.
C)restoring traditional gender patterns.
D)making men and women equal.

Question 25

According to structural-functional analysis, society defines gender in terms of

A)complementarity.
B)power.
C)meanings.
D)violence.

Question 26

Because women do most of it, sociologists sometimes refer to housework as working women's

A)second shift.
B)moonlight job.
C)master status.
D)homework.

Question 27

A dimension of gender stratification, which victimizes millions of women each year, is

A)women losing custody of a child.
B)physical violence against a woman.
C)women sharing housework with men.
D)a woman being arrested for a violent crime.

Question 28

Which term refers to subtle discrimination that effectively blocks the movement of women into the highest positions in organizations?

A)glass ceiling
B)pink-collar ghetto
C)intentional gender discrimination
D)patriarchy

Question 29

Which sociological theory of gender inequality looks at gender from a macro-level and identifies gender as a problem?

A)societal-norm theory
B)social-conflict theory
C)symbolic-interaction theory
D)structural-functional theory

Question 30

Marta's boss tells off-color jokes and tolerates sexually based teasing by male employees of women employees. When she complains, he tells her to lighten up-they're just joking. This is an example of

A)quid pro quo sexual violence.
B)the glass ceiling.
C)a hostile work environment.
D)of how feminists have no sense of humor.

Question 31

Which theoretical analysis of gender roles highlights women experiencing frequent pregnancies and caring for children, and points to men's greater size and strength as placing them in charge of hunting and warfare?

A)social-conflict analysis
B)liberal analysis
C)structural-functional analysis
D)symbolic-interaction analysis

Question 32

According to Talcott Parsons, femininity involves a focus on responsiveness, cooperation, and concern for other people and relationships, which he characterized as

A)expressive.
B)nonrational.
C)complimentary.
D)instrumental.

Question 33

Symbolic-interaction analysis of gender

A)focuses on the gender inequalities by which men have had power over women.
B)focuses on the experience of gender in familiar dimensions of everyday life.
C)helps explain how gender roles have, throughout history, been useful to society's operation.
D)promotes the integration of society.

Question 34

Among young people starting out in the labor force the gender gap in pay is about 90 percent. Over time, the gender gap

A)decreases as both sexes develop interests outside of work, such as raising children and following hobbies.
B)closes as young women are increasingly as aggressive in business as young men.
C)increases as young men are more aggressive in pursuing their careers.
D)increases as women have children and step away from their jobs, at least temporarily.

Question 35

Which of the following is a pattern noted in symbolic-interaction research involving gender?

A)Men have a tendency to listen politely while women speak.
B)Women have a tendency to interrupt men when men are speaking.
C)Men have a tendency to interrupt women when women are speaking.
D)Women smile less often than men do.

Question 36

Minority women earn less than white women, and they also earn less than minority men. This pattern is the focus of

A)intersection theory.
B)structural-functional theory.
C)symbolic-interaction theory.
D)radical-race theory.

Question 37

Gender shapes the language we use because

A)men typically use male pronouns to describe possessions such as cars or boats.
B)women's traditional titles are often more positive than men's.
C)the English language tends to treat what is masculine as having more value than what is feminine.
D) men are as likely to take a woman's name after marriage as women are to take a man's name.

Question 38

According to Talcott Parsons, masculinity involves a focus on rationality, competition, and goals, which he described as

A)emotional.
B)instrumental.
C)sensitive.
D)sympathetic.

Question 39

The symbolic-interaction approach provides what type of analysis of gender?

A)conflict-focused
B)macro-level
C)micro-level
D)function-focused

Question 40

The observation that Hispanic women earn much less than white men is one focus of

A)the work of Talcott Parsons.
B)the research of Friedrich Engels.
C)intersection theory.
D)symbolic-interaction analysis.

Question 41

Karen is a sociologist studying women's experiences of oppression in developing nations and in the United States. Her work is likely to be informed by

A)the conservative viewpoint
B)monocultural feminism
C)global feminism
D)socialist feminism

Question 42

Which political viewpoint claims that serious gender inequality is built into not only the institutions of U.S. society, but also the biological task of childbearing?

A)conservative viewpoint
B)liberal viewpoint
C)radical feminist viewpoint
D)libertarian viewpoint

Question 43

What milestone in the feminist movement occurred in 1920?

A)Women gained the right to vote.
B)The first woman was appointed to the Presidential Cabinet.
C)The U.S.congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment.
D)The first woman was sworn in as Vice-President of the United States.

Question 44

Which political viewpoint expresses concern that increased gender equality has weakened families?

A)radical left
B)liberal
C)conservative
D)feminist

Question 45

A politically left analysis by Judith Stacey claims that

A)the family is here to stay.
B)all democratic people should work toward maintaining the traditional family.
C)families perpetuate traditional forms of inequality based on class, race, and gender.
D)parents should rediscover the importance of commitment to children.

Question 46

Explain why gender involves much more than simply people's sex. Give specific examples to support your answer.

Question 47

Reforms to ensure that women have the same rights and opportunities as men is the goal of

A)radical feminism.
B)socialist feminism.
C)liberal feminism.
D)opponents of feminism.

Question 48

In the United States, feminism began about

A)1965 as part of the antiwar movement.
B)1900 with the rise of industrial cities.
C)1840 as a spinoff of efforts to abolish slavery.
D)1776 with the founding of the new nation.

Question 49

Explain what the conservative, liberals, and radical left viewpoints have to say about gender. Be clear about what the "problems" are and also what policies are favored as "solutions." What can our society learn from each approach that might help us improve our way of life?

Question 50

Which political viewpoint claims that government programs can combat gender-based prejudice and discrimination just as affirmative action can open more doors to women?

A)conservative viewpoint
B)liberal viewpoint
C)radical left viewpoint
D)libertarian viewpoint

Question 51

The claim that society must eliminate the concept of gender is made by

A)radical feminism.
B)socialist feminism.
C)liberal feminism.
D)opponents of feminism.

Question 52

The claim that equality for women requires following a Marxist path is made by

A)radical feminism.
B)socialist feminism.
C)liberal feminism.
D)opponents of feminism.

Question 53

What is feminism? What are the three types of feminism? What are several criticisms of feminism?

Question 54

What are the essential insights provided by structural functional analysis, symbolic interaction analysis, social conflict analysis, and intersection theory of gender? What is one weakness of each approach?