Deck 2: Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Question 1

The genetic field of phylogenetics is concerned with __________.

A) determining evolutionary relationships between species
B) studying varying groups within the same species
C) constructing pedigrees
D) none of these

Answer 1

determining evolutionary relationships between species

Question 2

Which of the following is the perfect metaphor for genes and how they behave?

A) homunculus
B) recipe
C) information storage
D) none of these

Answer 2

none of these

Question 3

A geneticist constructing tree-like diagrams that visually indicate relationships between species is engaged in __________.

A) behavioral genetics
B) molecular genetics
C) phylogenetics
D) population genetics

Answer 3

phylogenetics

Question 4

Cellular and molecular genetics involves the study of __________.

A) pedigrees of related individuals
B) how species divide into populations
C) the evolutionary relationships among species
D) cells and DNA

Question 5

Behavioral genetics is the study of how __________.

A) behavior influences genetics
B) pedigrees are influenced by genetic relationships
C) phylogenies effect behavior
D) genetics influence behavior

Question 6

Which of the following is the most controversial field?

A) behavioral genetics
B) molecular genetics
C) phylogenetics
D) population genetics

Question 7

The term "gene" was coined after DNA was observed.

Question 8

Classical geneticists focus more on than .

A) molecules, pedigrees
B) cells, populations
C) traits, molecules
D) populations, traits

Question 9

The basic building block of life is the __________.

A) cell
B) gene
C) homunculus
D) organism

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a metaphor for genes used by modern scientists?

A) blueprint
B) homunculus
C) recipe
D) information storage

Question 11

The term "gene" was coined by __________.

A) Jean Lamarck
B) Wilhelm Johannsen
C) Charles Lyell
D) Gregor Mendel

Question 12

A basic understanding of heredity __________.

A) is a relatively new phenomena
B) did not happen until we fully understood DNA
C) can be found in almost all human societies
D) requires a thorough understanding of genetics and reproduction

Question 13

A geneticist tracking how various traits are passed from one generation to the next is engaged in __________.

A) phylogenetics
B) population genetics
C) Mendelian genetics
D) molecular genetics

Question 14

Human biological variability arises from __________.

A) mostly genetic influences
B) mostly cultural influences
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 15

Classical or Mendelian genetics involves the study of __________.

A) pedigrees of related individuals
B) how individuals vary within populations
C) the evolutionary relationships among groups of species
D) cells and DNA

Question 16

Phylogenetic analysis often employs the methods of molecular genetics.

Question 17

Population geneticists only study traits at the molecular level.

Question 18

Scientists working on genetic therapies for disease are working in which genetic field?

A) phylogenetics
B) population genetics
C) Mendelian genetics
D) molecular genetics

Question 19

Population genetics involves the study of __________.

A) pedigrees of related individuals
B) how individuals vary within populations
C) the evolutionary relationships among species
D) cells and DNA

Question 20

A geneticist studying the variation between different groups of organisms of the same species is engaged in __________.

A) phylogenetics
B) population genetics
C) Mendelian genetics
D) behavioral genetics

Question 21

A cell's nucleus __________.

A) separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell
B) is a fluid-filled space within a cell
C) contains a number of structures essential to cellular function
D) is the permeable outer boundary of the cell

Question 22

Adult stem cells are totipotent.

Question 23

The Marine sea slug is commonly studied because it possesses cells.

A) larger
B) colored
C) more
D) fewer

Question 24

Somatic cells __________.

A) are the sex cells
B) have the same function as gametes
C) are the cells of the body that are not gametes
D) only exist in prokaryotic organisms

Question 25

Tissues are comprised of __________.

A) somatic cells
B) stem cells
C) gametes
D) RNA

Question 26

Fossil prokaryotes appeared before eukaryotes.

Question 27

The first eukaryotes appear in the fossil record around __________years ago.

A) 3.4 billion
B) 1.5 billion
C) 850 million
D) 600 million

Question 28

The __________ contains organelles.

A) prokaryote
B) nucleus
C) cytoplasm
D) all of these

Question 29

Multicellular organisms have dominated most of the history of life on earth.

Question 30

Prokaryotes are simple cells with just a nucleus but no organelles.

Question 31

A single-celled organism with a nucleus is an example of a __________.

A) prokaryote
B) eukaryote

Question 32

In eukaryotes, the piece of cellular anatomy that separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell is called the __________.

A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) organelle
D) plasma membrane

Question 33

The __________ are directly involved in reproduction.

A) somatic cells
B) gametes
C) stem cells
D) none of these

Question 34

Embryonic may be helpful in curing cellular disorders like Parkinson's disease.

A) gametes
B) somatic cells
C) germ cells
D) stem cells

Question 35

A cell's plasma membrane __________.

A) separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell
B) is a fluid-filled space within a cell
C) contains a number of structures essential to cellular function
D) none of these

Question 36

Which of the following is true of prokaryotes?

A) they are single-celled organisms
B) they lack intercellular compartments
C) they include bacteria
D) all of these

Question 37

The part of the cell responsible for regulating the transport of materials into and out of the cell is the __________.

A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) organelle
D) plasma membrane

Question 38

Which of the following can be found within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

A) mitochondria
B) ribosomes
C) RNA
D) glucose

Question 39

Organelles are common to __________.

A) prokaryotes
B) eukaryotes

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of a multicellular organism?

A) bacteria
B) protozoa
C) worms
D) archaea

Question 41

The two classes of bases include the __________.

A) cytosines
B) thymines
C) purines
D) adenines

Question 42

DNA base combinations are always __________.

A) A-T or C-G
B) A-G or C-T
C) G-T or A-C
D) none of these

Question 43

Ribosomes appear as little knobs on the __________.

A) nucleus
B) mitochondria
C) cytoplasm
D) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 44

The two main functions of DNA are __________.

A) protein synthesis and cell reproduction
B) protein synthesis and ATP production
C) ATP production and cell reproduction
D) there is only one function of DNA - protein synthesis

Question 45

DNA has to be able to do three things. What are they?

A) replicate, create ATP, and synthesize proteins
B) coordinate the activity of proteins, make the cell's energy, and self-replicate
C) replicate, make proteins, and coordinate the activity of proteins
D) none of these

Question 46

RNA is essential for carrying out the function of DNA.

A) cell replication
B) energy production
C) cytoplasmic
D) protein synthesis

Question 47

DNA replication requires an entire original strand of DNA to __________.

A) be destroyed
B) mutate
C) split
D) all of these

Question 48

Nucleotides come together to form __________.

A) proteins
B) cells
C) bases
D) amino acids

Question 49

Mitochondria have their own DNA separate from that within the cell's nucleus.

Question 50

A nucleotide consists of three parts __________.

A) a phosphate, a sugar, and a ribosome
B) a sugar, a phosphate, and a base
C) a phosphate, a base, and a nucleus
D) a sugar, a base, and a ATP particle

Question 51

In most eukaryotic cells, the most prominent structure is the __________.

A) nucleus
B) mitochondria
C) ribosomes
D) DNA

Question 52

Deoxyribonucleic acid has one main function - protein synthesis.

Question 53

Which of the following organelles is responsible for the production of ATP?

A) the nucleus
B) the endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondria
D) ribosomes

Question 54

The basic unit of DNA is a molecule called a __________.

A) nucleotide
B) base
C) thymine
D) prokaryotic cell

Question 55

RNA is a single stranded molecule.

Question 56

Proteins are synthesized in a cell's __________.

A) RNA
B) nucleus
C) mitochondria
D) ribosomes

Question 57

Which of the following bases is found only in RNA?

A) thymine
B) uracil
C) guanine
D) adenine

Question 58

In DNA, bond to .

A) sugars, purines
B) thymines, pyrimidines
C) phosphates, uraciles
D) sugars, phosphates

Question 59

Virtually every cell of the body contains the same copy of DNA.

Question 60

Ribosomes have their own DNA separate from that within the cell's nucleus.

Question 61

Transcription occurs in the __________.

A) cytoplasm
B) ribosome
C) messenger RNA
D) nucleus

Question 62

Which of the following structures is smallest?

A) gene
B) codon
C) organelle
D) cell

Question 63

Proteins are comprised of long chains of __________.

A) hormones
B) amino acids
C) hemoglobin
D) enzymes

Question 64

Permanent changes in the DNA of a cell are called mutations.

Question 65

The genetic code is comprised of , each representing .

A) amino acids, polypeptides
B) codons, genes
C) polypeptides, genes
D) codons, amino acids

Question 66

Protein synthesis is a two-step process involving __________.

A) transcription and replication
B) replication and translation
C) transcription and translation
D) mutation and replication

Question 67

Hormones, antibodies, and hemoglobin are all __________.

A) enzymes
B) amino acids
C) catalysts
D) proteins

Question 68

mRNA post-transcriptional processing involves the mRNA losing exons and keeping introns.

Question 69

The majority of DNA does not do anything but replicate.

Question 70

Some of the amino acids essential to creating proteins cannot be synthesized by the body.

Question 71

Most of time, DNA is in its chromatin state. That is to say, it is __________.

A) coiled into chromosomes
B) tightly packed
C) in its diploid state
D) existing in uncoiled strands

Question 72

Which of the following best defines a gene?

A) a three-base code for an amino acid
B) a three-base code for a polypeptide
C) a multiple-codon code for an amino acid
D) a multiple-codon code for a polypeptide

Question 73

During cell division, the DNA exists __________.

A) as chromosomes
B) in its chromatin state
C) outside the cell
D) as RNA

Question 74

Most of the amino acids are represented by more than one codon.

Question 75

Which of the following best defines the term allele?

A) a sex cell
B) the location of a gene on a chromosome
C) the state of the DNA before replication
D) a version of a gene

Question 76

The base-pair sequence of DNA is known as __________.

A) a polypeptide
B) a hormone
C) the genetic code
D) none of these

Question 77

Sex cells possess a half the chromosomes of the somatic cells. This is referred to as the __________ number of chromosomes.

A) homologous
B) heterozygous
C) haploid
D) homozygous

Question 78

Diploid cells have the full amount of chromosomes.

Question 79

tRNA __________.

A) carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
B) splits a DNA molecule during transcription
C) is completed replicated
D) carries amino acids to a ribosome to be attached to other amino acids

Question 80

mRNA __________.

A) carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
B) splits a DNA molecule during transcription
C) is completed replicated
D) carries amino acids to a ribosome to be attached to other amino acids