Deck 17: Politics and Development in the Worlds Poorer Countries

Question 1

A country that ranks high on the HDI but low per capita gross national income (GNI) can be said to be providing high levels of ________.

A) public services but relatively low levels of private or market services
B) literacy, education and life expectancy with relatively little income
C) income but relatively low levels of literacy, education and life expectancy
D) global interdependence but relatively low levels of autonomy and independence

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following was instrumental to the miraculous growth of China's economy since the death of Mao?

A) Protectionist economic policy
B) Investing in education to develop information technology industry
C) Limiting role of communist ideology in economic policy
D) Reduced military spending

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The Human Development Index measures how ________.

A) quickly children in poor countries develop cognitive skills
B) many people are affected by underdevelopment
C) quickly people's incomes grow
D) education, life expectancy and per capita income may be changing

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which among the following is an example of a social democratic model of state-led development?

A) China
B) The Soviet Union
C) North Korea
D) The Indian state of Kerala

Question 5

In 1969, former Canadian Prime Minister Lester Pearson proposed that the wealthy countries should dedicate what percentage of their gross national income to foreign aid?

A) 0.1 percemt
B) 0.5 percent
C) 0.7 percent
D) 5.0 percent

Question 6

In 2000 the UN adopted these, which set targets for basic needs measures to be achieved by 2015.

A) Agenda 21
B) Global Poverty Goals
C) Millennium Development Goals
D) Human Needs Agenda

Question 7

Dependency theory ________ modernization theory.

A) predates
B) extends
C) criticizes
D) revives

Question 8

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Social model of development used in the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution?

A) military development
B) central planning
C) focus on heavy industry
D) collectivized agriculture

Question 9

For dependency theorists, the countries of the south are underdeveloped as a result of __________________.

A) unequal power relations with the centre countries
B) poor government investment in education
C) a lack of access to knowledge structures
D) a lack of domestic natural resources

Question 10

Purchasing power parity is a per capita income measure that shows ________.

A) the purchasing power of income
B) gross domestic product
C) current exchange rates
D) real prices

Question 11

Which of the following is not a synonym for the Third World?

A) developing countries
B) less developed countries
C) the countries of the south
D) evolving countries

Question 12

Unlike development aid from the developed democracies, Chinese aid to countries in Africa ________.

A) comes with high interest rates
B) focuses on debt reduction
C) is focused on infrastructure development
D) lacks political conditions

Question 13

________ is an Asian model of development adopted by a number of countries, like Japan and Taiwan and is marked by a capitalist system in which government and the biggest businesses co-operate.

A) Modernization
B) Dependency
C) Structural adjustment
D) Export-led industrialization

Question 14

______________ strategy is an economic development model in which a country establishes high tariffs to protect businesses setting up to manufacture goods that replace imports.

A) Debt reduction
B) Import substitution industrialization
C) Capital formation
D) Outward-oriented growth

Question 15

Which of the following are included among the eight Millennium Development Goals?

A) reduce income inequalities within countries
B) develop a global partnership for development
C) establish a treaty on the right to development
D) protect refugees' freedom of movement

Question 16

The Third World refers to countries that ________.

A) were not aligned with either the United States or the Soviet Union
B) became independent in the third Wave of decolonization
C) were among the third group of states to join the United Nations
D) are among the top third of foreign aid recipients

Question 17

Which country moved away from protectionist economic policy in 1991 and became a miracle economy thereafter?

A) Sudan
B) India
C) Japan
D) Zambia

Question 18

Modernization theory stresses the need to ________.

A) preserve a country's culture
B) put social issues ahead of economic questions
C) bring in modern firms from abroad
D) build on the strengths of local firms

Question 19

According to the text, which of these countries represents a case of reversed development?

A) Argentina
B) Botswana
C) Democratic Republic of the Congo
D) India

Question 20

Which of the following countries developed economically under authoritarian rule before democratizing?

A) Vietnam
B) Botswana
C) South Korea
D) India

Question 21

India started its miraculous economic growth when it formulated a protectionist economic policy in 1991.

Question 22

The control and colonization of most of the world by European powers left Third World countries well-prepared for governing and independence.

Question 23

Consolidated democracies are always in danger of failing.

Question 24

What are two principal approaches to development described in the text?

Question 25

When it comes to democratic transitions, what are three key ways in which politics in Third World countries is different from politics in the consolidated democracies like Canada?

Question 26

India's economic miracle has been fuelled by a growth in services rather than manufacturing.

Question 27

The end of the Cold War increased negative forms of foreign intervention into Third World countries.

Question 28

By definition, failed states ________.

A) cannot maintain internal order
B) cannot pay their debts
C) do not threaten their neighbours
D) are no longer a problem

Question 29

The Washington Consensus is a free-market solution to underdevelopment.

Question 30

What is Official Development Assistance (ODA)? What conditions are tied to it?

Question 31

_______________ leaders have historically dominated politics in poor countries.

A) Materialistic
B) Personalistic
C) Foreign
D) Elected

Question 32

Democratic transitions always lead to consolidated democracies.

Question 33

Discuss the role of foreign intervention in creating the political problems in many Third World countries.

Question 34

"Junta" is a Spanish word that means _______ .

A) committee
B) elected officials
C) president
D) minister

Question 35

Economic growth does not necessarily reduce poverty.

Question 36

Which economic model gives government a significant role in directing a country's economy?

A) Modernization
B) Free-market
C) Dependency
D) Statist

Question 37

Trade agreements like the WTO have had a difficult time addressing agricultural protection in the richer countries.

Question 38

What are two main classes of state-directed development programs?

Question 39

Military takeovers of government, known as coups d'etat, are________.

A) more common in recent years
B) usually led by the air force
C) sometimes bloodless
D) always led by top ranking officers

Question 40

What are three main reasons for why violence has been so common throughout the Third World?

Question 41

Describe at least two key political differences between the People's Republic of China and India.

Question 42

What is the distinction between development and economic growth?