Deck 21: The Living Cell: What Is the Smallest Living Thing

Question 1

Which pair of organelles transfers energy in cells?

A) cytoskeleton and nucleus
B) mitochondria and chloroplasts
C) chloroplasts and nucleus
D) cell wall and vacuoles
E) cell membrane and nucleus

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the process of photosynthesis

A) electromagnetic radiation is converted to electric and magnetic energy.
B) electromagnetic radiation is converted to lipids.
C) light energy is metabolized.
D) light energy is converted to atomic energy.
E) light energy is converted to chemical energy.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The most sophisticated optical microscopes today can magnify items more than

A) 100 times
B) 1000 times
C) 10,000 times
D) 100,000 times
E) none of these are correct

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is a cell?

A) chicken egg yolk
B) bacterium
C) sperm
D) nerve
E) all of these are correct

Question 5

Which of the following phrases would not be in the definition of photosynthesis?

A) sunlight and chlorophyll
B) carbon dioxide and water
C) oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) starches and fats
E) sugars and starches

Question 6

Chromosomes

A) were first discovered in the nineteenth century.
B) are long strands of DNA.
C) come in pairs, located in the nucleus.
D) vary in number with the species.
E) are all of these.

Question 7

Fermentation in plants produces __________ ; fermentation in animals produces __________.

A) lactic acid, alcohol
B) carbon dioxide; alcohol
C) glucose; lactic acid
D) alcohol; lactic acid
E) alcohol; carbon dioxide

Question 8

A cell membrane's make up is

A) an impermeable lipid layer.
B) a double layer of polymers.
C) a lipid double layer.
D) like a plant's cell wall.
E) a film of water.

Question 9

Which one of the following is in all cells?

A) DNA
B) chloroplasts
C) nucleus
D) vacuoles
E) cell wall

Question 10

The end product for glycolysis is

A) pyruvic acid and ATP.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) carbohydrates and oxygen.
D) the Krebs cycle.
E) ADP and alcohol.

Question 11

Following the identification of cells with a microscope, about how long was it before scientists accepted the cell as the unit of life?

A) 160 years
B) 100 years
C) 60 years
D) 6 years
E) 1 year

Question 12

An organelle not found in the cells of animals is

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) chloroplast.
C) ribosome.
D) mitochondrion.
E) nucleus.

Question 13

Which phrase best describes the inside of a cell?

A) comprised of protoplasm
B) full of diverse structures
C) basically a vacuum
D) has not yet been thoroughly researched
E) too small to see with modern microscopes

Question 14

What is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

A) reproduction
B) separates inside from outside
C) transmits materials outside to inside
D) protection
E) isolation

Question 15

Which of the following is a stored-energy end-product of fermentation?

A) glucose
B) alcohol
C) yeast
D) starch
E) lactic acid

Question 16

What is the chief function of the mitochondria?

A) to provide immunity
B) to create energy
C) to transfer energy
D) to stimulate mobility
E) to initiate meiosis

Question 17

Which organelle gives the cell a shape?

A) nucleus
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) cytoskeleton
E) all of these are correct

Question 18

A cell's receptor molecule

A) is usually elliptical in shape.
B) binds to a molecule to facilitate transfer across the cell membrane.
C) cannot be "fooled" into recognizing viruses.
D) is a solid framework of polymers.
E) contains the cell's genetic material.

Question 19

Which is true of ATP?

A) ATP is a molecule.
B) ATP is an energy carrier.
C) ATP contains sugar.
D) ATP contains phosphorous.
E) All of these are true of ATP.

Question 20

What limits the resolving power of all microscopes?

A) the wavelength of the light used
B) the wave frequency of the light used
C) the wave amplitude of the light used
D) the transparency of the object
E) all of these are correct

Question 21

Which statement is false?

A) Aerobic reactions yield more energy per molecule of glucose than anaerobic reactions.
B) Anaerobic reactions yield more energy per molecule of glucose than aerobic reactions.
C) The Krebs cycle occurs in aerobic conditions.
D) Fermentation is an anaerobic process.
E) Respiration is an aerobic process.

Question 22

Outline the steps of meiosis living cells use to produce gametes.

Question 23

Most life processes depend on oxidation and photosynthesis. Give an example that does not.

Question 24

Outline the steps of mitosis in living cells.

Question 25

Briefly define and describe the process of glycolysis.

Question 26

What are Prokaryotes?

Question 27

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic processes?

Question 28

What advantage does the structure of the cell membrane afford the cell?

A) prevents invasion by viruses
B) selective movement back and forth
C) prevents temperature extremes
D) can be adapted to reproduction
E) is totally impermeable

Question 29

What is ATP and what is its part in the energy transfer within a cell?

Question 30

Discuss several common cell shapes and how these shapes influence the function the cell performs.

Question 31

When an athlete's muscles get tired and sore during an athletic event, what is the biochemical explanation?

Question 32

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

A) All cells are microscopic in size.
B) Only prokaryotes carry genetic information in nuclei.
C) Some cells lack cell membranes and cell walls.
D) Meiosis produces cells with half the normal complement of DNA.
E) Mitosis is rare in higher plants and animals.

Question 33

Name and describe the function of various cell organelles.

Question 34

What is the evolutionary advantage for a cell to expend energy in meiosis?

Question 35

Describe the process by which materials move across a cell membrane.

Question 36

Describe the workings of an optical microscope, also called a light microscope.

Question 37

At the cellular and molecular level, in what key ways are plants and animals the same? In what essential ways are they different?

Question 38

Describe the workings of an electron microscope.

Question 39

What does current theory say about the origin of the nucleus?

A) A small cell was engulfed by a larger cell.
B) A large cell was broken apart by a smaller cell.
C) A large cell was merged with another large cell.
D) Two small cells formed a symbiotic relationship.
E) The first cell contained a nucleus as a basic component.

Question 40

Which is the best analogy for a cell membrane?

A) window glass
B) a layer of lead
C) a toy balloon
D) silk stocking
E) window screen

Question 41

What is it about the cells of Eukaryotes and all other multicellular organisms that are all similar?

Question 42

What is the first step in mitosis?

Question 43

What were the three tenets of Theodor Schwann's 19^th century cell theory?

Question 44

What is the cytoskeleton and what is it made of?

Question 45

What is the function of a vesicle in a cell and how does it form?

Question 46

What is the name of the kingdom of cells with no nucleus? With what other name is this kingdom synonymous?

Question 47

Robert Hooke (1635-1703) used one of the first microscopes to make what important early observation on what substance?

Question 48

What is the "resolving power" of a microscope?

Question 49

Compare and contrast meiosis with mitosis.

Question 50

How does the focused beam of electrons in an electron microscope become a visible image to the scientist looking at cells?