Deck 3: A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Question 1

When pregnant nonhuman females are exposed to constant stress, they give birth to offspring that are smaller than average and more likely to have other physical and behavioural problems.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Fraternal twins result when the zygote separates into two clusters of cells.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Children of teenage mothers generally do less well in school and are more likely to have behavioural problems.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cell specialization begins in the period of the fetus.

Question 5

Low levels of folic acid during pregnancy can result in a baby born with spina bifida.

Question 6

Rubella, syphilis, and cytomegalovirus cross the placenta to attack the fetus or embryo.

Question 7

Babies may be infected with genital herpes as they pass through the birth canal.

Question 8

The majority of the weight that a woman gains during pregnancy is the weight of the baby.

Question 9

Even occasional, mild anxiety has negative effects on the developing child.

Question 10

Premature babies often have difficulty regulating their body temperature.

Question 11

The period of the zygote ends when the zygote implants in the lining of the wall of the uterus.

Question 12

The period of the zygote is the longest period of prenatal development.

Question 13

Pregnant women should double their caloric intake because they are eating for two.

Question 14

There is no evidence that babies can recognize sounds that they hear during prenatal development.

Question 15

During the period of the fetus, the brain has distinct structures and has begun to regulate body functions.

Question 16

By the end of the period of the embryo, most bodily organs are in place, in some form.

Question 17

Very little brain growth occurs during the last few months of pregnancy, so good nutrition during this time is not important.

Question 18

Women in their 40s are more likely to give birth to babies with Down syndrome.

Question 19

A pregnant woman should visit her doctor weekly.

Question 20

Implantation takes about a week to complete.

Question 21

Teratogens usually affect a wide range of body systems.

Question 22

Teratogens may be harmful to one species but not another.

Question 23

Women whose mothers took DES while pregnant are more likely to develop cancer of the vagina and have difficulty becoming pregnant themselves.

Question 24

Fetal surgery involves removing a fetus from the uterus to perform surgery.

Question 25

A disadvantage to home (compared to hospital) birth is that women tend to find it more stressful.

Question 26

Results from chorionic villus sampling can be obtained earlier than results from amniocentesis.

Question 27

Higher levels of prenatal exposure to PCBs are associated with lower verbal and memory skills.

Question 28

The timing of exposure to a teratogen is not important.

Question 29

The transition phase of Stage 1 of labour is the most painful part of labour.

Question 30

Most new mothers suffer from postpartum depression.

Question 31

The United States has more babies with low birth weight than any other industrialized nation.

Question 32

High levels of hormones during the later phases of pregnancy place women at risk for postpartum depression.

Question 33

The baby is born during the final stage of labour.

Question 34

Being a premature infant is more serious than being a small-for-date infant.

Question 35

Babies whose mothers receive large doses of pain medication during labour often are withdrawn or irritable for days or weeks after birth.

Question 36

Miscarriages are slightly more likely after amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.

Question 37

Women are more likely to suffer postpartum depression if they already are coping with other life stresses.

Question 38

Hypoxia can lead to developmental disabilities or death.

Question 39

Labour begins with contractions of the muscles of the uterus.

Question 40

The second stage of labour is the longest stage.

Question 41

Most babies don't sleep through the night until they are nine months old.

Question 42

Some scientists believe that REM may stimulate the brain and foster growth of the nervous system.

Question 43

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is more likely to occur in the winter.

Question 44

Newborns sleep in a block of 16-18 hours daily.

Question 45

The Apgar scale assesses breathing, heart rate, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin tone.

Question 46

The rooting and sucking reflexes are not necessary for survival.

Question 47

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is more likely when a baby sleeps on its back.

Question 48

Newborns spend more time in REM sleep than older infants.

Question 49

The basic perceptual system is not operating yet in the newborn.

Question 50

Some reflexes such as the stepping reflex serve as foundations for later motor activity.