Question 1

The driving force of social change,according to Marx,is:&#10;A)advancing technology.&#10;B)social conflict between classes.&#10;C)dominant ideas.&#10;D)the way in which society is held together.

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that social change is driven by social conflict between classes, specifically the struggle between the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) and the working class (the proletariat). This conflict arises from the inherent inequality and exploitation in the capitalist system, with the bourgeoisie seeking to maintain their power and privilege while the proletariat seeks to overthrow them and establish a more equal society. Advanced technology (choice A) can certainly facilitate social change, but Marx sees it as a tool that can be used by either class in their struggle. Dominant ideas (choice C) are seen by Marx as a product of the social and economic conditions of a particular society, rather than the driving force behind change. The way society is held together (choice D) is also a result of social and economic relations, rather than a driving force of change.

Question 2

The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of which type of society?&#10;A)pastoral&#10;B)horticultural&#10;C)industrial&#10;D)agrarian

Accepted Answer

The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of industrial society, which was characterized by the rise of capitalism, urbanization, and the division of labor. The changes brought about by industrialization led to new social and economic problems that sociologists sought to understand and address. Sociologists like Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber studied various aspects of industrial society and helped shape the field of sociology as we know it today.

Question 3

Gerhard Lenski claimed that which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?&#10;A)technology&#10;B)human ideas&#10;C)social conflict&#10;D)human desire for change

Accepted Answer

According to Lenski's theory of sociocultural evolution, technology has the greatest power to shape a society. This is because technology determines the level of production and the way in which people obtain resources, and it also shapes the way in which people interact with each other and their environment. Human ideas, social conflict, and human desire for change are all important factors, but they are ultimately shaped and influenced by technology.

Question 4

It would be correct to say that Durkheim thought of society as:&#10;A)existing only in the human mind.&#10;B)an objective reality.&#10;C)changing from moment to moment.&#10;D)having no clear existence at all.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim believed that society was an objective reality that could be studied and analyzed scientifically. He argued that social facts existed independently of individuals and exerted a coercive power over them.

Question 5

Identify the seven traits that define rational social organization,according to Max Weber.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the seven traits that define rational...

Question 6

The first type of society to generate a material surplus is:&#10;A)hunting and gathering.&#10;B)horticultural and pastoral.&#10;C)agrarian.&#10;D)industrial.

Accepted Answer

Horticultural and pastoral societies were the first to generate a material surplus. These societies developed around 10,000 years ago during the Neolithic Revolution when humans began to plant crops and domesticate animals. This allowed them to produce enough food to support larger populations and generate a surplus that could be stored for later use or traded with other groups. Hunting and gathering societies did not produce a surplus as they lived off the land and only collected what they needed to survive. Agrarian societies and industrial societies also produced a surplus, but they developed later in human history.

Question 7

Huge empires-such as the Roman Empire that included tens of millions of people and several million square miles-were based on agrarian technology.

Accepted Answer

Agrarian technology, which involved farming and agriculture, was essential for sustaining large populations and providing the resources needed for economic growth and expansion. The Roman Empire, for example, relied heavily on its agricultural production to support its armies and citizens, and its conquests often involved the acquisition of new farmland and resources to feed its people.

Question 8

Gerhard Lenski claims that the development of more complex technology:&#10;A)is entirely positive.&#10;B)has both positive and negative effects.&#10;C)is entirely negative in its effect.&#10;D)has no effect on the quality of human life.

Accepted Answer

Lenski's view is that the development of more complex technology has both positive and negative effects on human society. While it may bring about advancements in medicine, communication, and transportation, it can also lead to environmental degradation, social inequality, and cultural homogenization. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 9

Hunting and gathering societies generate a productive surplus.

Accepted Answer

Hunting and gathering societies typically do not generate a surplus because they rely on natural resources and are limited by the carrying capacity of their environment. They only gather or hunt what they need to survive, and may even move to different areas to find resources when they become scarce. It is only with the development of agriculture that surplus production becomes possible.

Question 10

Karl Marx considered capitalism to be _____,but Max Weber argued that capitalism was very _____.&#10;A)irrational;rational&#10;B)rational;irrational&#10;C)unproductive;productive&#10;D)productive;unproductive

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx believed that capitalism was irrational because it prioritizes profit over the well-being of the workers and the society. Max Weber, on the other hand, argued that capitalism was rational because it is based on a systematic and efficient organization of economic activity.

Deck 4: C: Society