Deck 12: D: Global Stratification

Question 1

A majority of the world's people live in:

A)low-income nations.
B)middle-income nations.
C)high-income nations.
D)None of the above is correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In global perspective,economic productivity is lowest in precisely the regions where:

A)population growth is highest.
B)most people live in cities.
C)technology is most advanced.
D)once there was the greatest prosperity.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following has the greatest number of countries,at 72?

A)high-income
B)middle-income
C)low-income

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the world's low- and middle-income nations,what proportion of all children do not receive enough nutrition to be healthy?

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 5

The death of fifty-two garment workers in a Bangladeshi sweatshop shows that:

A)the lives of the world's poor are far worse than many people in Canada realize.
B)workers have greater power in poor countries than they do in the United States.
C)workplace regulations are very strict in low-income nations.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 6

The typical adult in a rich nation like Canada consumes about _____ calories per day.

A)1,000
B)1,250
C)2,000
D)3,500

Question 7

One of the countries listed below is NOT a high-income nation.Which one is it?

A)Canada
B)South Africa
C)Israel
D)Bulgaria

Question 8

High-income nations:

A)are at the forefront of the Information Revolution.
B)make use of factories,big machinery,and advanced technology.
C)contain almost all the world's financial markets.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 9

Currently,how many nations are there in the world?

A)57
B)195
C)341
D)2,190

Question 10

Macionis writes of his trip to ___________________ and refers to a young girl he saw in "one of the poorest neighbourhoods in the entire world".

A)Rio de Janeiro,Brazil
B)Manila,Philippines
C)Phnom Pen,Cambodia
D)Mexico,City,Mexico

Question 11

The poorest 20 percent of the global population receives only about what percentage of all global income?

A)2 percent
B)5 percent
C)10 percent
D)15 percent

Question 12

If you wanted to visit the world's low-income nations,where would you travel?

A)Africa and Asia
B)Latin America
C)Eastern Europe
D)North America

Question 13

In poor nations,poverty is_____ than in Canada.

A)more likely to involve men
B)more widespread and severe
C)addressed more effectively
D)less serious a problem

Question 14

Estimates are that at least ________________ children living in cities in poor countries beg,steal,sell sex,or work for drug gangs to provide income for their families.

A)1 million
B)10 million
C)100 million
D)1 billion

Question 15

The people of the high-income countries,who represent 23 percent of the world's population,enjoy about how much of the world's income?

A)27 percent
B)43 percent
C)65 percent
D)78 percent

Question 16

In middle-income nations,average personal income is in the range of:

A)$250 and $1,000.
B)$1,000 and $2,500.
C)$2,500 and $12,000.
D)$10,000 and $25,000.

Question 17

Japan,Canada,and the nations of Western Europe are all classified as:

A)low-income countries.
B)middle-income countries.
C)high-income countries.
D)These countries do not fall into any one category.

Question 18

For the world as a whole,about how many people suffer from chronic hunger that leaves them less able to work and places them at high risk of disease?

A)1 million
B)10 million
C)100 million
D)1 billion

Question 19

The wealthiest 20 percent of the global population receives about what percentage of all global income

A)28 percent
B)35 percent
C)50 percent
D)77 percent

Question 20

Absolute poverty is:

A)most common in large nations such as the United States.
B)the same as relative poverty.
C)life threatening.
D)found only in low-income nations.

Question 21

André Gunder Frank states that poor nations:

A)are responsible for their own poverty.
B)were "underdeveloped," or made poor,by rich nations.
C)suffer from traditional culture.
D)need to gain more productive technology.

Question 22

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)with the Industrial Revolution,the standard of living in high-income countries jumped fourfold during the twentieth century
B)with the Industrial Revolution,the standard of living in middle-income countries jumped fourfold during the twentieth century
C)with the Industrial Revolution,the standard of living in low-income countries jumped fourfold during the twentieth century

Question 23

Which world region contains the largest share of the world's street children?

A)Asia
B)Latin America
C)Africa
D)Europe

Question 24

Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by:

A)making poor nations responsible for their own fate.
B)supporting capitalism as a path to development.
C)explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries.
D)claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal.

Question 25

If you were to apply modernization theory to the problem of global poverty,you might point to which of the following traits of low-income nations?

A)the use of relatively little advanced technology
B)high levels of population increase
C)cultural resistance to innovation
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 26

The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which:

A)countries gain new colonies to replace older ones.
B)countries rid themselves of former colonies.
C)multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country.
D)companies operate in many countries at one time.

Question 27

Some critics claim that modernization theory:

A)ignores how rich nations prevent the economic development of poor nations.
B)amounts to an attack on capitalism.
C)treats rich and poor societies as linked.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 28

According to W.W.Rostow,nations begin at the _____ stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of _____.

A)drive to technological maturity;take-off
B)traditional;high mass consumption
C)high mass consumption;take-off
D)take-off;drive to technological maturity

Question 29

The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which:

A)rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries.
B)some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others.
C)poor nations shake off control by other nations.
D)immigration helps to spark economic development.

Question 30

Because,until a few centuries ago,the entire world was poor,_____________ claims that what requires explanation is affluence.

A)modernization theory
B)dependency theory

Question 31

In poor countries,the disadvantages women face relative to men are:

A)about the same as in rich nations.
B)smaller than in rich nations.
C)greater than in rich nations.
D)nonexistent;in poor countries,women and men have the same social standing.

Question 32

Of the roughly 1 billion people in the world who are living in absolute poverty,what share are women?

A)20 percent
B)35 percent
C)50 percent
D)70 percent

Question 33

According to Anti-Slavery International,about how many men,women,and children live today in conditions that amount to slavery?

A)20,000
B)200,000
C)200 million
D)2 billion

Question 34

What concept refers to a global economy in which multinational corporations exploit people in low-income nations?

A)colonialism
B)corporate slavery
C)neocolonialism
D)international bondage

Question 35

Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another?

A)chattel slavery
B)child slavery
C)debt bondage
D)servile forms of marriage

Question 36

If you were applying modernization theory to the problem of global poverty,you might expect rich nations to aid the economic development of poor nations by:

A)assisting in population control.
B)increasing food production.
C)increasing industrial production.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 37

Modernization theory claims that:

A)poor nations can never become rich in today's world.
B)the main causes of poverty involve culture and technology.
C)the main causes of poverty involve multinational corporations.
D)most poor nations were richer in the past.

Question 38

Modernization theory identifies which of the following as the greatest barrier to economic development?

A)technology
B)multinational corporations
C)capitalism
D)tradition

Question 39

Which of the following social theorists is identified with modernization theory?

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)George Herbert Mead
D)Immanuel Wallerstein

Question 40

Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers by paying them too little to cover their debts?

A)chattel slavery
B)child slavery
C)debt bondage
D)servile forms of marriage

Question 41

Most Canadian aid to low-income countries is distributed through the:

A)U.N.
B)I.M.F.
C)World Bank
D)C.I.D.A.

Question 42

With regard to the role of rich nations,dependency theory:

A)agrees with modernization theory.
B)urges rich nations to invest in poor countries.
C)claims rich nations are to blame for global poverty.
D)claims rich nations prevent poor countries from "growing for export."

Question 43

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)the world's relative poverty is increasing
B)the world's relative poverty is decreasing
C)the world's relative poverty is much the same as it was 100 years ago
D)the world's relative poverty cannot be accurately measured

Question 44

What is Wallerstein's term for the middle-income countries of the world?

A)core
B)semiperiphery
C)periphery
D)outsider nations

Question 45

Wallerstein pointed to several factors that cause dependency among low-income nations.Which of the following is a factor that Wallerstein did NOT consider to be a cause of dependency?

A)narrow,export-oriented economies
B)lack of integration into the world economy
C)lack of industrial capacity
D)foreign debt

Question 46

Which theoretical approach claims that rich nations of the world are "overdeveloped" while poor nations are "underdeveloped"?

A)modernization theory
B)dependency theory
C)both modernization theory and dependency theory
D)neither modernization theory nor dependency theory

Question 47

The global region that has made the greatest strides out of poverty is:

A)Asia.
B)Africa.
C)Latin America.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 48

Over the course of the last century,the extent of global economic inequality has:

A)decreased sharply.
B)stayed about the same.
C)increased.
D)become smaller,but not by much.

Question 49

Taken together,the sociological approaches to global poverty show us that poverty is:

A)partly an issue of production.
B)partly a political issue.
C)a problem that threatens world peace.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 50

In past centuries,European nations colonized countries in:

A)Africa
B)Latin America.
C)Asia
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 51

One criticism of dependency theory is:

A)that it lacks an historical focus.
B)that it has little to say about the role of rich countries.
C)that it blames poor countries for their own poverty.
D)treating global wealth as a zero-sum so that one country benefits only at the expense of another.

Question 52

According to dependency theory,poor countries have become dependent on rich nations because:

A)they sell raw materials to rich nations.
B)rich countries bring tourism dollars.
C)rich nations buy their manufactured goods.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 53

A social theorist who contributed to the development of dependency theory by tracing the growth of the capitalist world economy is:

A)Max Weber.
B)Emile Durkheim.
C)W.W.Rostow.
D)Immanuel Wallerstein.

Question 54

According to Immanuel Wallerstein's theory of global capitalism,which nations are at the "core" of the world economy?

A)high-income nations
B)middle-income nations
C)low-income nations
D)All nations form the "core."

Question 55

While modernization theory focuses on _____,dependency theory focuses on _____.

A)poor nations;rich nations
B)the future;the past
C)production of wealth;distribution of wealth
D)All of the above are correct.