Deck 4: A: Society

Question 1

Agriculture differs from horticulture by making use of the animal-drawn plow that can cultivate much more land.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Gerhard Lenski dismissed technology as of little importance in shaping cultural patterns.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Hunting and gathering societies around the world contain a large and increasing share of global population

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The subordination of women by men is clearly evident in hunting and gathering societies.

Question 5

Gerhard Lenski used the concept "sociocultural evolution" to refer to how technological innovation changes the shape of societies.

Question 6

Agrarian societies are more alike than hunting and gathering societies are.

Question 7

Hunting and gathering societies generate a productive surplus.

Question 8

Huge empires-such as the Roman Empire that included tens of millions of people and several million square miles-were based on agrarian technology.

Question 9

Hunting and gathering societies have elected leaders.

Question 10

Forces of nature have the greatest effect on societies with the simplest technology.

Question 11

Gerhard Lenski claims that the invention of horticultural or pastoral technology is a clear case of societal progress toward a better way of life.

Question 12

Horticultural societies typically form permanent settlements.

Question 13

Many pastoral societies are nomadic.

Question 14

Compared to hunting and gathering societies,horticultural and pastoral societies have more productive specialization and greater social inequality.

Question 15

Industrial societies use powerful sources of energy to drive large machinery.

Question 16

Agrarian societies typically have dramatic social inequality.

Question 17

Industrial technology tends to weaken the family,making it less the center of people's lives.

Question 18

The Industrial Revolution was underway in parts of Europe by the time the explorer Christopher Columbus reached the Americas in 1492.

Question 19

Pastoral and horticultural societies are not capable of a productive surplus.

Question 20

Hunting and gathering societies are nomadic.

Question 21

Marx claimed that capitalism alienated workers from their work,and also from each other.

Question 22

Gerhard Lenski argues that,eventually,we can expect technological invention to solve problems of peace and justice around the world.

Question 23

Marx thought capitalism would bring class conflict more out in the open.

Question 24

In hopes of salvation,Calvinists were quick to share their wealth with the poor.

Question 25

Karl Marx argued that society's infrastructure and superstructure are always in conflict.

Question 26

Weber believed that people living in preindustrial societies hold strongly to rationality,while members of industrial societies celebrate tradition.

Question 27

Marx believed that proletarians could never overcome their false consciousness.

Question 28

Weber argued that the development of industrial capitalism had its roots in a set of religious ideas linked to Calvinism.

Question 29

Marx looked forward to the transformation of capitalism into a more equal and humane society that he called socialism.

Question 30

Karl Marx claimed that societies were defined by patterns of social conflict.

Question 31

Max Weber used the concept "rationalization of society" to point to historical change from tradition to rationality as the dominant mode of human thought.

Question 32

In general,industrialization results in less schooling and a sharp increase in the share of the population that is illiterate.

Question 33

According to Karl Marx,the foundation of society is the family.

Question 34

Marx viewed industrial capitalism as highly rational and Weber did not.

Question 35

Industrial technology has raised living standards in a number of societies.

Question 36

Marx argued that industrial-capitalist societies had two main social classes: capitalists and proletarians

Question 37

Marx viewed alienation as an aid to social change.

Question 38

A postindustrial society uses computers and other information technology to operate much of the economy.

Question 39

The Information Revolution has been most evident in the poor nations of the world.

Question 40

For Max Weber,an "ideal type" meant something that is the very best of its kind.

Question 41

Rational,modern societies,according to Weber,were becoming more personal.

Question 42

Durkheim claimed that,in modern societies such as Canada,people with the strongest social bonds had the highest rates of suicide.

Question 43

Modern societies differ from traditional societies by having more productive specialization-that is,a more complex division of labor.

Question 44

Modern societies are held together mostly by shared moral sentiments.

Question 45

Modern societies provide individuals with less moral regulation than traditional societies do.

Question 46

For Durkheim,the key to change in a society is an expanding division of labour.

Question 47

According to Weber,capitalism,bureaucracy,and science are all expressions of rationality.

Question 48

Weber viewed rationality as a liberating force that would free the human spirit.

Question 49

Durkheim pointed to the functions of social patterns for the operation of society as a whole.

Question 50

Karl Marx and Max Weber agreed that modern society generates alienation,although for different reasons.

Question 51

Emile Durkheim viewed society as an external,objective reality.

Question 52

Durkheim used the concept "anomie" to mean the same thing as Marx's concept of "alienation."

Question 53

Both Marx and the Lenskis saw the struggle between classes as the engine for change.