Question 1

Empirical-rational and power-coercive strategies for change have two assumptions that they share which separates them from normative-reeducative strategies.Identify one of these assumptions and give an example.

Accepted Answer

Either: a)good ideas are developed outside the organization,or b)the organization is the target of external forces for change.Examples should specifically relate to one of these concepts.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes Kurt Lewin's three-step change process?&#10;A)First,the organization must identify driving forces,the restraining forces,and then move towards change.&#10;B)Use force-field analysis and then unfreeze the organization.&#10;C)Do something to unfreeze an organization that is in equilibrium,which allows a move toward change,and then equilibrium must be reestablished.&#10;D)Establish a committee that represents all grade levels,identify problem areas,and then develop solutions.&#10;E)Both a and d

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin's three-step change process involves first unfreezing the organization from its current state of equilibrium, allowing for a move towards change, and then reestablishing a new equilibrium. This process is achieved through various interventions and techniques, such as force-field analysis, to identify and address driving and restraining forces. Choice C correctly describes the three steps in Lewin's change process. Choices A, B, D, and E either incorrectly combine or exclude certain aspects of the process.

Question 3

Select all of the educational aims that Seymour Sarason indicated would constitute major changes in the school's inner core of assumptions:&#10;A)To reduce the gulf between educational achievement of different social classes.&#10;B)To increase staff development that teachers need most.&#10;C)To improve school leaders focus on data-based decision making.&#10;D)To acquaint student with career options.&#10;E)To get students to enjoy coming to school,rather than seeing school as confining and boring.

Accepted Answer

Seymour Sarason argued for changes that would address fundamental attitudes and values within the educational system. Reducing the educational achievement gap between social classes (A), acquainting students with career options (D), and making school an enjoyable experience (E) directly relate to changing the core assumptions about what schools are for and how they should operate. These aims focus on student engagement, equity, and preparing students for their future, reflecting a shift towards a more holistic and inclusive approach to education.

Question 4

Select all of the following that an organization must perform in order to survive and be healthy.&#10;A)Adapt to its environment.&#10;B)Innovate to solve problems.&#10;C)Achieve its goals.&#10;D)Generate valid alternative solutions.&#10;E)Maintain itself internally.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select all of the following that an...

Question 5

Describe the concept of force-field analysis by Kurt Lewin by giving an application of the technique.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the concept of force-field analysis by...

Question 6

Select all of the following that are findings from John Goodlad's research on schools that use his organizational development model of DDAE dialogue,decision making,action,evaluation):&#10;A)Schools should adopt a proven method of intervention and then be trained in how to implement it.&#10;B)Different effective schools are just as likely to have different interventions as similar ones.&#10;C)Principals in effective schools sit on all decision making teams.&#10;D)Teachers in an effective school make decisions that affect the school as a whole,not just their teaching unit.&#10;E)None of the above is correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select all of the following that are...

Question 7

Which of the following is the best example of school change using an empirical-rational strategy for change?&#10;A)The State Department of Education identifies new programs that it requires all schools to adopt.&#10;B)A superintendent attends a conference and brings back a new science program that he installs in schools.&#10;C)Teachers at an elementary school work together to determine the best strategies to use with low achieving students.&#10;D)After a reading strategy that was developed at a university was shown to be successful in other states,a school district decides to adopt it.&#10;E)A principal develops a staff development plan to meet teacher needs.

Accepted Answer

The empirical-rational strategy for change is based on the assumption that people are rational and will follow their rational self-interest once they have been provided with the relevant information. Choice D, where a school district adopts a reading strategy proven to be successful in other states, best exemplifies this approach, as the decision is based on empirical evidence of success.

Question 8

According to most theorists,which change strategy has the best chance of success?&#10;A)Empirical-rational.&#10;B)Power-Coercive.&#10;C)Normative-Reeducative.&#10;D)Knowledge Production and Utilization KPU).&#10;E)Research,Development,Diffusion,and Adoption RDDA).

Accepted Answer

According to most theorists, the normative-reeducative strategy has the best chance of success because it appeals to individuals' values, beliefs, and attitudes to promote change. This strategy often involves participatory approaches that empower people to identify problems and generate solutions, which can lead to a sense of ownership and commitment to the change. Empirical-rational, power-coercive, and knowledge production and utilization strategies are also important but may not be as effective in promoting sustainable change without addressing underlying values and beliefs. RDDA is a process for developing and disseminating innovations but does not necessarily address the factors that support or impede adoption and implementation.

Deck 7: Organizational Change