Deck 12: Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Question 1

What was the major contribution made by William Masters and Virginia Johnson?

A) classifying sexual perversions
B) describing the human sexual response cycle
C) outlining the effects of childhood sexual abuse
D) documenting the diversity of normal sexual behavior

Answer 1

describing the human sexual response cycle

Question 2

From the extensive information it collected concerning patterns of sexual activity, what did the National Health and Social Life Survey reveal concerning the achievement of orgasms by men and women?

A) The rates of having orgasms are low for both men and women.
B) A larger percentage of men than women report that they always have an orgasm.
C) Women are able to achieve orgasm more often than men, although they do not report this to their partners.
D) Men and women did not differ significantly in either the frequency or the satisfaction related to orgasms.

Answer 2

A larger percentage of men than women report that they always have an orgasm.

Question 3

What are the phases of the human sexual response cycle described by Masters and Johnson?

A) id, ego, and superego
B) pre-erotic, erotic, and post-erotic
C) physiological, emotional, and eros
D) excitement, orgasm, and resolution

Answer 3

excitement, orgasm, and resolution

Question 4

What is the major difference between men and women in the sexual response cycle?

A) Men do not have an excitement phase.
B) Women do not have an excitement phase.
C) Women may be able to respond to stimulation during the resolution phase.
D) Men typically are able to respond to stimulation during the resolution phase.

Question 5

What is the final phase of the human sexual response cycle?

A) orgasm
B) plateau
C) resolution
D) vasocongestion

Question 6

What point concerning sexual problems was highlighted by the case of Bill and Margaret described in the text?

A) Couples who are not truly in love have high rates of sexual dysfunction.
B) Clinicians have tended to neglect biological factors involved in human sexual behavior.
C) Their thoughts about the meaning of sexual behavior were extremely important.
D) Usually one person is responsible for the disorder.

Question 7

Kevin has just reached orgasm and finds that he is unable to get an erection again. Although this concerns him greatly, it is actually a normal phenomenon called

A) a plateau.
B) dyspareunia.
C) vasocongestion.
D) a refractory period.

Question 8

Sexual dysfunctions can affect which of the phases in the sexual response cycle?

A) excitement
B) orgasm
C) resolution
D) any of the phases

Question 9

The National Health and Social Life Survey found that

A) The percentage of women who always achieve orgasm during sex is relatively small, yet the percentage who report being extremely physically satisfied is relatively high.
B) The percentage of men who always achieve orgasm during sex is relatively small, yet the percentage who report being extremely physically satisfied is relatively high.
C) The percentage of women who always achieve orgasm during sex is relatively high, yet the percentage who report being extremely physically satisfied is relatively low.
D) The percentage of men who always achieve orgasm during sex is relatively high, yet the percentage who report being extremely physically satisfied is relatively low.

Question 10

From the extensive information it collected concerning patterns of sexual activity, what did the National Health and Social Life Survey reveal concerning the physical and emotional satisfaction of men and women?

A) The rates of satisfaction are low for both men and women.
B) A much larger percentage of men than women report being satisfied.
C) A much larger percentage of women than men report being satisfied.
D) Men and women did not differ significantly in their satisfaction.

Question 11

Some of the most dramatic physiological changes during sexual excitement are due to vasocongestion, which refers to

A) increased muscular tension.
B) elevated respiration rates.
C) engorgement of blood vessels.
D) decreased neurotransmitter activity.

Question 12

Which of the following was characteristic of the interviews Alfred Kinsey conducted between 1938 and 1956 about sexual behavior?

A) They focused on subjective distress.
B) They focused on experiences that resulted in orgasm.
C) They were structured to make psychiatric diagnosis possible.
D) They classified perversions as sadism, masochism, and fetishism.

Question 13

With regard to the DSM-IV-TR, failure to achieve orgasm

A) is a specific diagnostic category.
B) is never considered indicative of a disorder.
C) may be considered indicative of a disorder if an individual's partner considers it so.
D) may be considered indicative of a disorder if the person in question is distressed by it.

Question 14

You have come to the part of your Abnormal Psychology textbook that covers the sexual dysfunctions, where there are several case studies presented. Which of the following might well be one of those cases?

A) someone who displays deviant sexual behavior
B) someone with an anatomical defect that interferes with normal sexual behavior
C) someone whose sexual desire is inhibited
D) someone who has an excessive interest in sex

Question 15

What was one of Alfred Kinsey's conclusions based on interviews with 18,000 men and women between 1938 and 1956?

A) Homosexuality was a perversion.
B) Low sexual desire is a form of psychopathology.
C) There is little diversity in normal sexual behaviors.
D) Distinctions among sexual orientations were essentially meaningless.

Question 16

According to DSM-IV-TR, it is possible for a person to be uninterested in sex or to have difficulty engaging in sexual relations and yet not be diagnosed with any sexual dysfunction because

A) sexual dysfunctions require deviant sexual behavior.
B) the person might not experience any distress or interpersonal difficulty.
C) the person would probably pretend to be interested and to deny any difficulty.
D) sexual dysfunctions are only diagnosed when there is also a major personality disorder.

Question 17

What new social attitude about sex led to the belief that sexual dysfunctions are a legitimate topic of psychological inquiry?

A) that men enjoy sex more than women
B) that sex is primarily for the purpose of procreation
C) that sex fosters marital intimacy and is a source of pleasure
D) that there is less tolerance for variations in sexual behavior

Question 18

What was the basis of the descriptions of the human sexual response cycle offered by William Masters and Virginia Johnson?

A) detailed interviews with thousands of adults
B) observations of people engaged in sexual activities
C) cross-cultural analysis of texts on human sexuality
D) analogue studies of the sexual behavior of primates

Question 19

The incredible diversity of sexual experiences reported by his subjects led Alfred Kinsey to

A) reject the distinction between normal and abnormal sexual behavior.
B) investigate the distinction between normal and abnormal sexual behavior.
C) conclude that homosexuals and heterosexuals were fundamentally different.
D) conclude that homosexuals and heterosexuals were identical in their responses.

Question 20

Based on the results of the National Health and Social Life Survey, all of the following are accurate EXCEPT

A) a very high percentage of women had experienced vaginal intercourse.
B) masturbation was very common in women.
C) less than 10 percent of women had ever engaged in oral intercourse.
D) in the year of the survey a very high percentage of men had had sex with only one partner.

Question 21

After gathering data on the typical individuals who seek treatment for hypoactive sexual desire, how will researchers describe them?

A) They are confused about sexual identity.
B) They are likely to have been abused as children.
C) They are likely to have other mental and medical disorders.
D) They are overwhelmed with guilt and anxiety concerning sexual activity.

Question 22

Which of the following characterizes a woman whose orgasmic impairment is generalized?

A) She has never achieved orgasm by any means.
B) She can reach orgasm only through masturbation.
C) She is averse to all forms of sexual expression.
D) She can reach orgasm with her lover, but not with her husband.

Question 23

What is the most frequent form of male sexual dysfunction?

A) dyspareunia
B) erectile disorder
C) premature ejaculation
D) male orgasmic disorder

Question 24

Identifying the boundaries for defining premature ejaculation has been problematic for clinicians. What is the preferred way to address this difficulty?

A) measure the amount of elapsed time to orgasm
B) determine if orgasm occurs before the person wishes it
C) determine if the couple achieves mutual orgasm
D) measure the partner's satisfaction

Question 25

Martha has been diagnosed as having vaginismus. Besides difficulty having intercourse, what else would cause her difficulty?

A) urinating
B) masturbating to orgasm
C) getting a vaginal examination
D) becoming sexually aroused by men

Question 26

Which of the following describes the sexual performance of men between the ages of 70 and 74?

A) Very few men this age obtain an erection.
B) Over 60 percent of these men are sexually active.
C) Less than 50 percent of these men are sexually active.
D) Erection is rarely a problem, but premature ejaculation usually is a problem.

Question 27

What is vaginismus?

A) a male's desire to be female
B) a form of pseudohermaphroditism
C) involuntary muscle spasms that prevent intercourse
D) an infection caused by a sexually transmitted disease

Question 28

Why do psychologists consider sexual arousal to be a hypothetical construct?

A) It cannot be measured directly.
B) Its definition differs across cultures.
C) It has such diverse expression across individuals.
D) It can be objectively measured for research purposes.

Question 29

Dyspareunia refers to

A) sexual aversion.
B) premature ejaculation.
C) sexual attraction to unusual objects.
D) genital pain associated with sexual intercourse.

Question 30

The condition in women that is characterized by sexual desire that is not accompanied by physiological responses necessary to achieve intercourse, such as vaginal lubrication, is known as

A) inhibited sexual desire.
B) inhibited sexual arousal.
C) premature sexual satisfaction.
D) hypoactive sexual arousal.

Question 31

A client was recently diagnosed as having erectile dysfunction. What would you conclude about this man?

A) He is by definition experiencing dyspareunia.
B) He does not an erection because he is not subjectively aroused.
C) He ejaculates immediately upon insertion during intercourse.
D) He may be subjectively aroused, but blood does not flow to his penis.

Question 32

One recommendation made by the Consensus Development Conference on Female Sexual Dysfunction was the addition of a new category for

A) hypopsexual pain disorders.
B) iatrogenic sexual disorders.
C) noncoital sexual pain disorders.
D) factious sexual disorder.

Question 33

As women get older, how does their physiological response to sexual stimulation change?

A) slower rate of lubrication
B) increased risk of vaginismus
C) less responsiveness in the clitoris
D) increased blood flow to the vaginal walls

Question 34

Hypoactive sexual desire refers to

A) low sex drive.
B) excessive sex drive.
C) situational sexual dysfunction.
D) sexual attraction to unusual objects.

Question 35

A vaginal photometer and a penile plethysmograph can be used as measures of

A) orgasm.
B) sexual arousal.
C) sexual satisfaction.
D) blood flow to the vagina or penis.

Question 36

What can we conclude about the epidemiology of dyspareunia?

A) It occurs only in men.
B) It occurs only in women.
C) It is much more common in men.
D) It is much more common in women.

Question 37

Which of the following characterizes the effect of very low levels of testosterone in males?

A) painful urination
B) attraction to homosexual stimuli
C) lack of erection when viewing erotica
D) inhibited response to sexual fantasies

Question 38

An operational definition is based on

A) theoretical ideas, not observable data.
B) measurable characteristics of a phenomenon.
C) conventional ideas, not scientific measurement.
D) treatment guidelines for psychiatric disorders.

Question 39

Some clinicians have suggested that certain individuals present symptoms such as reckless and uncontrolled sexual behavior that should have a new diagnosis in the next edition of the DSM of

A) sexual behavior disorder.
B) hyperactive sexual behavior.
C) hypoactive sexual behavior.
D) sexual desire disorder.

Question 40

Mary has a strong and active aversion to sexual stimuli that has been diagnosed as sexual aversion disorder. When her psychologist is asked to explain further, she is likely to say that the disorder can be viewed as a form of

A) phobic disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) schizoid personality disorder.

Question 41

What did Bach and his colleagues find concerning sexual dysfunction in men?

A) Their excessive interest in erotica interfered with normal sexual relationships.
B) They experienced high levels of disgust related to most forms of sexual expression.
C) They experienced negative emotions when aroused in the presence of erotic stimuli.
D) They experienced arousal in response to stimuli outside of personal relationships.

Question 42

As a psychological factor contributing to impaired sexual arousal, Masters and Johnson gave primary emphasis to

A) the need for control.
B) depression.
C) performance anxiety.
D) guilt.

Question 43

Which of these behaviors has a tendency to increase risk for erectile dysfunction?

A) taking aspirin
B) smoking cigarettes
C) eating a high fat diet
D) sleeping more than eight hours a night

Question 44

Which of the following situations is an example of necrophilia?

A) A man has sexual contact with a corpse.
B) A young man is sexually attracted to a woman's neck.
C) A woman is attracted to certain body parts of a man.
D) A woman has an interest in unusual sexual practices with men.

Question 45

In their therapy for sexual dysfunctions, Masters and Johnson thought that, in addition to sensate focus, it was also important to include

A) appropriate medications.
B) substance abuse counseling.
C) communication training.
D) treatment of underlying medical problems.

Question 46

What is the rationale for sensate focus in sex therapy?

A) The couple needs to focus on erotic sensations rather than performance demands.
B) The couple needs to understand their intrapsychic conflicts.
C) Receiving support from other couples with similar problems is a key to successful treatment.
D) Successful treatment requires ruling out other possible medical or physical causes of sexual dysfunction.

Question 47

Dean finds it impossible to reach orgasm unless he is holding and kissing a woman's shoe. This problem is a paraphilia known as

A) fetishism.
B) pedophilia.
C) frotteurism.
D) transvestic fetishism.

Question 48

Which best summarizes the treatment program for sexual dysfunction devised by Masters and Johnson that became very popular and successful?

A) better late than never
B) practice makes perfect
C) see no evil
D) an eye for an eye

Question 49

In taking a history your client makes several remarks that indicate that her parents had quite negative attitudes regarding sexual behavior. As you continue to explore issues of sex you will be on the look out for indications of

A) drug-induced sexual dysfunctions
B) nystagmus
C) hyperactive sexual desire
D) hypoactive sexual desire

Question 50

Which of the following is characteristic of a man with a paraphilia?

A) inhibited sex drive
B) aversion to his own sexuality
C) physically incapable of having an erection
D) sexually aroused by unusual things or situations

Question 51

Sam is looking for a job to earn money and put him near the stimuli he uses to achieve sexual excitement. He is offered what he views as the "ideal job" at a shoe store; however, he is fired when his interactions with customers provide evidence that he has a paraphilia known as

A) voyeurism.
B) fetishism.
C) klismaphilia.
D) exhibitionism.

Question 52

The abuse of alcohol and other drugs can lead to

A) inhibited orgasm in men but not women.
B) inhibited orgasm in both men and women.
C) inhibited sexual desire in men but not women.
D) inhibited sexual desire in both men and women.

Question 53

Which of the following characterizes the association between testosterone levels and men's level of sexual appetite?

A) There is no association.
B) Very low levels of testosterone predict inhibited desire.
C) Very high levels of testosterone predict excessive interest.
D) There is a nearly a one-to-one ratio between testosterone levels and sexual desire.

Question 54

The compulsive and inflexible features of paraphilias make them similar to

A) mood disorders
B) addictions
C) sexual dysfunctions
D) antisocial personality disorder

Question 55

Which of the following is characterized by sexual arousal when dressing in clothing of the opposite gender?

A) transsexualism
B) pseudohermaphroditism
C) transvestic fetishism
D) gender identity disorder

Question 56

Paraphilias have been compared to addictions because both of these problems involve

A) illegal activity.
B) feelings of compulsion.
C) a genetic predisposition.
D) neurotransmitter imbalances.

Question 57

A physician prescribes Viagra to treat a patient's erectile dysfunction and advises him to be aware of possible side effects such as

A) insomnia and muscular pain.
B) headaches and altered vision.
C) hallucinations and body rashes.
D) constipation and rapid heartbeat.

Question 58

Maria and John go to a therapist because they consistently have difficulty accomplishing intercourse. The therapist recommends a procedure called sensate focus, which means that Maria and John will be expected to

A) explore their painful emotions in therapy.
B) spend time together relaxing and holding hands.
C) go to a physician, to rule out medical problems.
D) attempt to have intercourse every night for a week.

Question 59

What is the central problem in paraphilias?

A) inhibited sexual desire
B) physiological problems prevent arousal
C) the individual feels guilt about the behavior
D) sexual arousal is detached from a reciprocal, loving adult relationship

Question 60

Men who cross-dress and develop persistent discomfort with their gender role or identity, would be assigned a subtype diagnosis of transvestic fetishism with gender

A) fetishism.
B) reversal.
C) distaste.
D) dysphoria.

Question 61

In a study by Laumann, et al (NHSLS) of coercive sex it was estimated that what percentage of women had been forced to participate in a sexual act against their will?

A) 1 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 45 percent

Question 62

According to the classification scheme for sexual offenders developed by Knight and Guay, what category would describe a man who is preoccupied with nonviolent sexual fantasies, shows deficits in his ability to process social cues from women, and has feelings of inferiority?

A) sadistic
B) vindictive
C) nonsadistic
D) opportunistic

Question 63

Which of the following seems to fit the diagnostic criteria for pedophilia?

A) Ten-year-old Dave, who sexually molested his younger sister in their home
B) Twenty-year-old Barry, who had sexual intercourse repeatedly with a 16-year-old neighbor
C) Twenty-five-year-old Dan, who masturbates while he holds baby rattles and bottles
D) Alan, who has never molested any children but spends most of his day fantasizing about such contacts, which has made it impossible for him to date women his age

Question 64

Which of the following represents a case of voyeurism?

A) A man fondles a black boot while he masturbates.
B) A man exposes his genitals to people in the subway.
C) A man uses binoculars to watch his neighbors undress.
D) A man rubs up against an unsuspecting young woman in a crowded department store.

Question 65

Which of these individuals would most clearly fit the DSM diagnostic criteria for transvestic fetish?

A) Carl, who collects women's boots and shoes and masturbates while holding these objects
B) Danny, a gay man, who is known among members of the gay community as a drag queen
C) Dennis, who dresses in women's clothing as part of his job in a Las Vegas nightclub act
D) Barry, a heterosexual, who dresses in women's clothing for the purpose of sexual arousal

Question 66

Incest refers to sexual activity between all of the following except

A) a step father and a step son.
B) a mother and her daughter.
C) a biological brother and sister.
D) All of the above involve incest.

Question 67

Many incest perpetrators would not be considered pedophiles because

A) they have no sexually arousing fantasies.
B) their victims are often postpubescent adolescents.
C) they employ force and they humiliate their victims.
D) incest is a crime, not a mental disorder.

Question 68

Why is rape not included as a paraphilia in DSM-IV-TR?

A) Rape is not always sexually motivated.
B) Rape is a legal, not psychological problem.
C) The focus of the sex drive is not an inanimate object.
D) Rape is too common a problem to be considered a paraphilia.

Question 69

A female friend of yours is expressing great concern about the possibility that she might one day encounter an exhibitionist. To help her deal with her fears you tell her that exhibitionists

A) rarely touch or otherwise molest their victims.
B) are only dangerous to people they know.
C) are only dangerous to women who are in the company of young children.
D) will always run away whenever their intended victim screams for help.

Question 70

A person with a paraphilia that entails recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a young child is suffering from

A) rapism.
B) pedophilia.
C) necrophilia.
D) voyeurism.

Question 71

What can be concluded regarding the long-term effects of those who have been victims of early child sexual abuse?

A) They almost always become abusers themselves.
B) They almost always end up engaging in risky sexual behaviors.
C) They might not necessarily suffer any pervasive or intense negative consequences.
D) They become unable to establish any meaningful forms of reciprocal intimacy in a variety of situations and relationships.

Question 72

Another common term for exhibitionism is

A) peeping.
B) indecent exposure.
C) S and M.
D) stalking.

Question 73

Sexual sadism involves sexual arousal associated with

A) exposing oneself.
B) rubbing against someone.
C) feeling pain and humiliation.
D) hurting or humiliating someone else.

Question 74

Your text describes the masochistic behaviors of Daphne Merkin, but then suggests that she might not necessarily qualify for a diagnosis of sexual masochism because

A) she acknowledged her interests in masochistic sex.
B) she married the people with whom she indulged her masochistic desires.
C) it is not clear that she experienced subjective distress or social impairment.
D) she never allowed herself to be seriously hurt.

Question 75

A drag queen who is gay and who cross-dresses would probably not be diagnosed with transvestic fetishism because

A) the person with transvestic fetishism will hold but not dress in clothing of the opposite sex.
B) people with transvestic fetishism only dress in clothing of other people of the same sex.
C) the drag queen will not be sexually aroused by cross-dressing.
D) people who are gay cannot be diagnosed with any mental disorder.

Question 76

Most paraphilias are exhibited by men, with the exception of

A) masochism.
B) fetishism.
C) frotteurism.
D) exhibitionism.

Question 77

Ted dreams and daydreams about being humiliated during sexual encounters. He finds the fantasies to be quite arousing. What diagnosis would be made in this case?

A) Ted would qualify for the diagnosis of fetishism.
B) Ted would not meet the criteria of masochism because he enjoys the fantasies.
C) Ted would not meet the criteria of masochism because he does not act on his fantasies.
D) Ted would qualify for the diagnosis of sexual masochism.

Question 78

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in masochistic sexual activity?

A) Helen, who works as a nursing assistant at the local nursing home
B) Iris, who just graduated from a small state college and loves to collect military items
C) Frank, who is a paramedic and is frequently the first one on the scene of a terrible accident
D) Gary, who is highly educated and whose social activities are often described in the social column of the newspaper

Question 79

"Crossing" of paraphilic behaviors refers to the fact that

A) almost all paraphilias cross-dress.
B) these behaviors are against cultural norms.
C) people who exhibit one paraphilia often exhibit others.
D) people with these problems are unsure of their sexual orientation.

Question 80

A person with a paraphilia known as frotteurism is likely to do which of the following?

A) expose himself to neighbors
B) feel aroused when he is hit or kicked
C) rub up against someone in a crowded bank
D) feel a need to see a certain object to reach orgasm