Deck 14: Substance Use and Gambling Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of dementia?

A) Sensory deficit
B) Speech deficit
C) Memory deficit
D) Motor deficit

Answer 1

Memory deficit

Question 2

Which of the following problems is not a cognitive deficit associated with dementia?

A) Agnosia
B) Senility
C) Palialia
D) Echolalia

Answer 2

Senility

Question 3

Mrs. Smith has been diagnosed with a cognitive disorder called dementia. All of the following could apply to Mrs. Smith, except:

A) Mrs. Smith's dementia could be caused by a psychiatric disorder such as a pain disorder
B) Mrs. Smith's dementia could be caused by a medical disease
C) Mrs. Smith's dementia could be caused by structural abnormalities
D) Mrs. Smith's dementia could be caused by substance withdrawal

Answer 3

Mrs. Smith's dementia could be caused by a psychiatric disorder such as a pain disorder

Question 4

Geropsychology is to ____________ as developmental psychopathology is to _____________.

A) Older adults; older adults
B) Older adults; children
C) Children; children
D) Children; older adults

Question 5

How can "normal" memory lapses and dementia be distinguished?

A) With normal memory lapses, the person is much older than someone with dementia
B) In dementia, the memory does not return spontaneously and may not respond to memory cues
C) With normal memory lapses, the person may not respond to memory cues
D) In dementia, the memory loss is associated with psychological effects of stress

Question 6

Tyrone has been experiencing memory deficits, perceptual disturbances, and inability to recognize objects. He is also experiencing severe depression and mania. Why would Tyrone not qualify for the diagnosis of a cognitive disorder?

A) Tyrone has a history of alcohol abuse and dependency
B) Tyrone has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder with psychotic features
C) Tyrone was exposed to numerous toxins during his enlistment and World War II
D) Tyrone has been diagnosed with a terminal illness

Question 7

What is the subfield of psychology concerned with psychological disorders in later life called?

A) Gerontology
B) Geropsychology
C) Geriatric psychopathology
D) Developmental psychopathology

Question 8

Which of the following terms refers to the ability to plan and execute common actions such as cooking a meal?

A) Apraxia
B) Executive functioning
C) Motor functioning
D) Agnosia

Question 9

Which of the following terms refers to people repeating exactly what they have heard?

A) Agnosia
B) Amnesia
C) Palialia
D) Echolalia

Question 10

Which of the following cognitive disorders is most common?

A) Dementia
B) Senility
C) Delirium
D) Amnesia

Question 11

Which of the following terms refers to the deterioration of language seen in dementia?

A) Amnesia
B) Echolalia
C) Palialia
D) Aphasia

Question 12

Which of the following is not a cognitive deficit associated with dementia?

A) Memory deficit
B) Anhedonia
C) Apraxia
D) Aphasia

Question 13

Which of the following is not classified as a cognitive disorder?

A) Delirium
B) Dementia
C) Amnesia
D) Deafness

Question 14

What were cognitive disorders formerly called?

A) Organic cognitive disorders
B) Organic brain disorders
C) Brain pathology
D) Cognitive brain pathology

Question 15

Which of the following is the prominent cognitive deficiency in dementia?

A) Memory deficit
B) Motor deficit
C) Speech deficit
D) Emotional deficit

Question 16

The repetition of sounds or words is called ______________, whereas the repetition of what has been heard is called ____________.

A) Echolalia; echolalia
B) Echolalia; palialia
C) Palilalia; apraxia
D) Palilalia; echolalia

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true concerning cognitive disorders?

A) Cognitive disorders are only diagnosed in the elderly
B) Delirium, dementia, and amnesia are only diagnosed in cognitive disorders
C) Cognitive impairments can occur in other psychological disorders
D) The diagnosis of cognitive disorders can be made only in the absence of psychiatric medical diseases

Question 18

Which of the following terms refers to the inability to recognize objects or people?

A) Apraxia
B) Agnosia
C) Aphasia
D) Avolition

Question 19

Which of the following is true of cognitive disorders?

A) Cognitive disorders cannot be caused by medical diseases
B) Cognitive disorders cannot be caused by drug and alcohol abuse
C) Cognitive disorders cannot be caused by viral infections
D) Cognitive disorders cannot be caused by psychiatric disorders

Question 20

Which of the following dementias is the most common?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Huntington's disease
C) Neurosyphilis
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true concerning people with Alzheimer's disease?

A) They have reduced levels of dopamine in their brains
B) They have reduced levels of adrenaline in their brains
C) They have reduced levels of acetylcholine in their brains
D) They have reduced levels of amyloid proteins in their brains

Question 22

What are the deposits of protein that make up plaques called?

A) Amyloid
B) Glutamate
C) Cortisol
D) Calcium

Question 23

A person diagnosed with a cognitive disorder who is experiencing the inability to plan, initiate, monitor, and stop complex behaviour is most likely experiencing which of the following problems?

A) Apraxia
B) Deficits in executive functioning
C) Deficits in fine motor skills
D) Echolalia

Question 24

In the case study from the textbook, Mr. Carrington was presented with a proverb: "People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones." Mr. Carrington was unable to interpret the abstract meaning of the proverb. What kind of deficit was Mr. Carrington likely experiencing?

A) Deficit in executive functioning
B) Deficit in cognitive functioning
C) Deficit in receptive language
D) Deficit in expressive language

Question 25

Which of the following is true concerning early-onset Alzheimer's disease?

A) There is no significant difference in the progression of the Alzheimer's disease between early-onset and late-onset
B) The progression of Alzheimer's disease in late-onset tends to proceed more quickly than early-onset
C) The progression of Alzheimer's disease in early-onset tends to proceed more quickly than in late-onset
D) The progression of Alzheimer's disease in early-onset tends to be slow and steady

Question 26

Recent studies on Alzheimer's disease have linked defective genes on all of the following chromosomes, except:

A) Chromosome 19
B) Chromosome 21
C) Chromosome 14
D) Chromosome 3

Question 27

In Alzheimer's patients, amyloid is known to accumulate in the spaces between all of the following areas of the brain, except:

A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Cerebral cortex
D) Medulla

Question 28

June has difficulty recognizing familiar objects and people. What is June likely experiencing?

A) Agnosia
B) Apraxia
C) Palialia
D) Aphasia

Question 29

All of the following are suspected as causing Alzheimer's disease, except:

A) Dysfunction of the immune system
B) Oversaturation of oxygen
C) Viral infections
D) Exposure to toxic levels of aluminum

Question 30

Alzheimer's disease accounts for approximately what percentage of all cases of dementia?

A) 50 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 31

Lucy has a cognitive impairment in which she is experiencing deterioration in language. She often uses vague references to hide her inability to produce names. What is Lucy likely experiencing?

A) Agnosia
B) Palialia
C) Aphasia
D) Echolalia

Question 32

What is the most common type of dementia?

A) Vascular disease
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) Neurosyphilis

Question 33

The person diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease at age 45 would be described as having which type of the disease?

A) Premature-onset type
B) Early-onset type
C) Late-onset type
D) Post-onset type

Question 34

What it the typical age of onset for Alzheimer's disease?

A) After the age of 45
B) After the age of 55
C) After the age of 65
D) After the age of 80

Question 35

Which of the following is true about neurofibrillary tangles?

A) The tangles are common in the brains of Alzheimer's patients but rare in people without cognitive disorders
B) The tangles block acetylcholine receptors and prevent the attachment of the neurotransmitter
C) The tangles have been linked to the emotional and behavioural disturbances in Alzheimer's patients
D) The tangles were first discovered in the brain autopsy performed in 1780

Question 36

Which of the following would most likely be experienced by an individual with deficits in executive functioning?

A) The person may have difficulty planning a large dinner party
B) The person may have trouble standing on his or her feet for long periods of time
C) The person may be prone to communicating with others in parrot-like repetitions
D) The person may have difficulty remembering faces

Question 37

Which of the following brain abnormalities was discovered by Alzheimer during an autopsy?

A) Plaques
B) Amyloid
C) Neurofibrillary tangles
D) Clogged mesolimbic pathways

Question 38

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been associated with declines in memory function in Alzheimer's disease?

A) Dopamine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Serotonin
D) Acetylcholine

Question 39

Which of the following problems is associated with having difficulty carrying out actions when requested (e.g., washing hands)?

A) Agnosia
B) Apraxia
C) Echolalia
D) Palialia

Question 40

In an attempt to identify dementia in its early stages, the Clock Test has been used successfully to differentiate between those with and without dementia in people over the age of 65 years. Its Canadian developers believe that clock drawing and setting require which of the following skills, which are often deficient in the early phase of dementia?

A) Abstract reasoning skills
B) Fine motor skills
C) Visuospatial skills
D) Problem solving skills

Question 41

Which of the following is true concerning the connection between Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome?

A) People with Down syndrome are less likely than the general population to develop Alzheimer's disease
B) People with Down syndrome are less likely than the general population to develop early-onset Alzheimer's disease
C) People in Down syndrome and people in the general population are equally likely to develop Alzheimer's disease
D) People with Down syndrome are more likely than the general population to develop Alzheimer's disease

Question 42

Which of the following forms of dementia is due to repeated head injuries?

A) Dementia pugilistica
B) Dementia due to unknown causes
C) Dementia due to head trauma
D) Dementia not otherwise specified

Question 43

Approximately how many people have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease worldwide?

A) 400 million
B) 6 million
C) 18 million
D) 200 million

Question 44

Of the following types of dementia, which one is most rare?

A) HIV-related dementia
B) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Vascular dementia

Question 45

Which of the following is the most common cause of close head injuries?

A) Sports injuries
B) Blows to the head by a blunt object
C) Motor vehicle accidents
D) Household injuries

Question 46

James's laboratory test indicated evidence of cerebrovascular disease. He also is exhibiting signs of dementia. Which diagnosis would James most likely receive?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Vascular dementia
C) Down syndrome
D) Huntington's disease

Question 47

Anthony has been playing hockey since he was seven years old. As an adult he has been suffering from motor deficits such as shaking and loss of motor functioning in his hands. Neurological examinations ruled out Parkinson's disease. Which type of dementia is Anthony most likely suffering from?

A) Vascular dementia
B) Cerebrovascular disease
C) Dementia pugilistica
D) Dementia due to other medical conditions

Question 48

Of the following types of dementia, which one is most rare?

A) Pick's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Huntington's disease

Question 49

Which of the following is true concerning vascular dementia?

A) Vascular dementia can occur only after a single small stroke
B) Vascular dementia can occur only after one large stroke
C) Vascular dementia can occur after an accumulation of small strokes
D) Vascular dementia can occur after one large stroke or an accumulation of small strokes

Question 50

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for dementia in older men?

A) Less education
B) Diabetes
C) History of strokes
D) Poor diet

Question 51

Which of the following best describes a stroke?

A) Sudden damage to an area of the brain due to blockage of blood flow or hemorrhage
B) Damage to the brain caused by cessation of oxygen flow for over 30 seconds
C) A sudden shock a person experiences that causes brain cells to deteriorate rapidly
D) A loss of brain cells caused by a person not using certain areas or functions of the brain

Question 52

What was vascular dementia formerly called?

A) Multi-infarct dementia
B) Infarction dementia
C) Vascular disorder
D) Stroke disorder

Question 53

A research study examining stroke victims who remained free of dementia in the three-months after the stroke reported which of the following findings?

A) Two thirds of them developed dementia within the next 36 months compared to 10% of the control group
B) One third of them developed dementia within the next 52 months compared to 10% of the control group
C) One half of them developed dementia within the next 12 months compared to 10% of the control group
D) Three quarters of them developed dementia within the next 18 months compared to 10% of the control group

Question 54

What percentage of patients develops cognitive deficits serious enough to qualify for a diagnosis of dementia after a stroke?

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 50%

Question 55

Which of the following health conditions is not associated with vascular dementia?

A) Stroke
B) Ulcers
C) Cerebrovascular disease
D) High blood pressure

Question 56

Canadian researchers have found that one of the genes linked to Alzheimer's disease is located on chromosome 21. This chromosome is located near the gene responsible for producing:

A) A precursor of the amyloid protein
B) A precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
C) A precursor of neurofibrillary tangles
D) A precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine

Question 57

Patricia is overweight and recently retired from teaching. She has been under extreme pressure since her spouse died and has suffered several small strokes. In addition, she has been unable to organize and plan, and to remember the names of close friends. What is Patricia most likely experiencing?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Vascular dementia
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Dementia associated with other medical conditions

Question 58

Frank has experienced serious cognitive deficits and emotional changes since he was diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease after experiencing several strokes. The extent of the changes in Frank's cognition and emotions will largely depend on all of the following, except:

A) Frank's age
B) Frank's history of strokes
C) Frank's educational level
D) Frank's quality of relationship with his wife

Question 59

Which of the following types of dementia is thought to share genetic bases with Alzheimer's disease?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) HIV disease
C) Down syndrome
D) Huntington's disease

Question 60

What is the second most common type of dementia?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Vascular dementia
C) Dementia due to head injury
D) Dementia due to other medical conditions

Question 61

Which of the following is not a symptom of delirium?

A) Disorientation
B) Avolition
C) Recent memory loss
D) Clouding of consciousness

Question 62

According to epidemiological studies, approximately what percentage of individuals infected with HIV will develop dementia?

A) 1 to 2%
B) 5 to 10%
C) 15 to 20%
D) 20 to 50%

Question 63

Which of the following cognitive disorders is characterized by disorientation, recent memory loss, and a clouding of consciousness?

A) Delirium
B) Amnesia
C) Senility
D) Dementia

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true concerning neuroimaging studies and dementia?

A) Neuroimaging studies indicated that there was greater brain deterioration among highly educated people versus poorly educated people
B) Neuroimaging studies indicated that there were no significant differences in the brain tissue of highly educated versus poorly educated people
C) Neuroimaging studies indicated that there was greater brain deterioration associated with dementia for poorly educated people versus highly educated people
D) Current research methodologies are not scientifically sophisticated enough to compare differences in brain deterioration as they relate to level of education

Question 65

Malcolm is experiencing tremors, muscle rigidity, dementia, and inability to initiate movement. What will Malcolm likely be diagnosed with?

A) Dementia pugilistica
B) Huntington's disease
C) HIV-associated dementia
D) Parkinson's disease

Question 66

Which of the following problems is not a primary symptom of Parkinson's disease?

A) Muscle rigidity
B) Tremors
C) Headaches
D) Inability to initiate movement

Question 67

Dorian's physician suggested to her family members that she try herbal medicine for the secondary symptoms her Alzheimer's disease. What herbal medicine is Dorian's physician likely suggesting?

A) Acetaminophen
B) Ginseng
C) Green tea
D) Gingko biloba

Question 68

Ruth's physician informed her that a single dominant gene on chromosome 4 transmits her condition. She was also informed that if one of her parents had the gene, she stood a 50% chance of inheriting the gene and developing the disorder. Which disorder does Ruth likely have?

A) Huntington's disease
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) Pick's disease

Question 69

Why is it important to monitor a person with delirium?

A) The delirium can cause more serious brain damage
B) The delirium can cause self-mutilating behaviours
C) The delirium can result in a mild form of dementia
D) The delirium will result in the depersonalization experiences

Question 70

Which of the following treatments is not currently used for dementia?

A) Anti-depressant and anti-anxiety drugs for managing emotional symptoms
B) Anti-psychotic drugs for managing hallucinations and delusions
C) Behavioural therapy for managing labile emotions
D) Aversive therapy for managing inappropriate behaviours

Question 71

Which of the following treatment approaches is not used in behaviour therapy when treating patients with dementia?

A) Controlling patients' angry outbursts
B) Controlling emotional instability
C) Helping caregivers manage patients at home
D) Electric shock for aggressive behaviours

Question 72

What is meant by the term "sundowning"?

A) A person with dementia improves at night
B) A person with dementia is in the last stages and may be expected to die soon
C) Symptoms of delirium worsen at night
D) Symptoms of delirium stabilize at night

Question 73

Which of the following conditions involves acute and usually transient disorientation and memory loss?

A) Anterograde amnesia
B) Retrograde amnesia
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Delirium

Question 74

Studies in which of the following countries showed that people with low levels of education are more likely to be diagnosed with dementia?

A) United States, Europe, Israel, and China
B) United Kingdom, Israel, Iraq, and China
C) United States, Israel, Kuwait, and Japan
D) United Kingdom, India, China, and Korea

Question 75

Dr. Dell is assessing Luther because he is having trouble remembering things after he was injured during a football game. The memory deficits are beginning to interfere with his academic performance and personal interactions. Which of the following tests is Dr. Dell most likely to administer?

A) Halstead-Reitan Test
B) Mini-Mental State Examination
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
D) Bender-Gestalt Test

Question 76

Which of the following disorders is characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity, inability to initiate movement, and possibly dementia?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Korsakoff's syndrome
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Multi-infarct dementia

Question 77

A person with delirium will likely experience all of the following types of disorientation, except:

A) Disorientation to time
B) Disorientation to place
C) Disorientation to people
D) Disorientation to objects

Question 78

Parkinson's disease is associated with which of the following neurotransmitters?

A) Serotonin
B) Acetylcholine
C) Dopamine
D) Norepinephrine

Question 79

Luther is presenting with symptoms of sudden disorientation, confusion, and memory loss after being tackled during a football game. What is Luther most likely experiencing?

A) Dementia
B) Delirium
C) Psychosis
D) Dementia pugilistica

Question 80

Which disease is transmitted by a single dominant gene on chromosome 4?

A) Huntington's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Vascular disease
D) Parkinson's disease