Deck 14: Integrating Multilevel Approaches to Promote Community Health

Question 1

When applying the integrative model for community health promotion, a nurse assesses the community for accessibility and adequacy of care to provide treatment for medical conditions. What focus does this describe?

A) Individual
B) Family
C) Aggregate
D) Community

Answer 1

Community

Question 2

The pathogenic approach directs nurses towards:

A) Promotion of greater levels of positive health.
B) Teaching about common disease processes
C) Acute care management of chronic disease.
D) Disease prevention, risk appraisal, and disease management

Answer 2

Disease prevention, risk appraisal, and disease management

Question 3

Screening school-age children for hearing deficits is an example of:

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Health promotion

Answer 3

Secondary prevention

Question 4

According to Anderson and McFarlane's model, a community health assessment must include:

A) Organized efforts to protect, promote and restore health.
B) Information about the subsystems and patterns of interactions among subsystems of the total community
C) Quantifiable data that can be used in a community health risk assessment.
D) Information about the demographics of the community

Question 5

The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services is a guide for:

A) Group risk appraisal and risk reduction
B) Recommendations for preventive interventions
C) Conducting a community wellness inventory
D) Improving environmental living conditions and sanitation

Question 6

Laffrey, Loveland-Cherry, and Winkler describe two paradigms from which the key concepts of nursing science can be viewed. The health paradigm includes:

A) Health defined as the absence of disease.
B) A view of the person's lifestyle judged by their prescribed regime
C) Humans viewed as complex and interconnected with the environment.
D) The directions nurses should take in community education.

Question 7

Which of the following statements best describes health risk appraisal and risk reduction?

A) Data about health risks are collected and analyzed; then a health risk profile is generated.
B) The goal is prevention or early detection of disease.
C) The health insurance industry recognizes the potential of risk reduction for cost containment.
D) An epidemiological approach is used to identify risks at the individual level.

Question 8

Community health nurses have long recognized the need to shift the emphasis of health care from illness to wellness. The biomedical model:

A) Explains why some individuals exposed to illness-producing stressors remain healthy
B) Defines health as the absence of disease
C) Discusses illness-producing stressors
D) Defines illness and disease states

Question 9

The multilevel emphasis from individual to population is important because health behaviors have multiple determinants both internal and external to the individual. If an adolescent decides not to smoke because cigarette machines were banned in town, what determinant does this describe?

A) Community factor
B) Aggregate characteristic
C) Family characteristics
D) Individual attribute

Question 10

A 5-feet, 6-inch, 25-year-old female who weighs 120 pounds walks 5 miles a day because she has a long family history of early death from heart attacks and is refraining from a sedentary lifestyle. Which of the following best describes this example?

A) Health promotion
B) Illness prevention
C) Health maintenance
D) Health protection

Question 11

A woman has attended a weight reduction program for a year and lost 75 pounds. She now attends weekly meetings to keep the weight off. Which of the following best describes this example?

A) Health promotion
B) Illness prevention
C) Health maintenance
D) Health protection

Question 12

Health perspectives have varied over time. In the ancient Greek view:

A) Scientific and biological view of disease dominated.
B) There was a focus on assuring conditions for the public health.
C) Collaboration existed between consumers and providers.
D) Health was the totality of environmental forces influencing human well-being.

Question 13

A method used to promote smoking reduction program in an identified aggregate is:

A) Using scare tactics at local churches to convince individuals to stop smoking
B) Teaching school children about the risks of smoking in all public schools in the area
C) Developing a media campaign using material frequently read by members of the aggregate
D) Asking local officials to make a public service announcement on television

Question 14

A 5-feet, 6-inch, 25-year-old woman who weighs 120 pounds runs 5 miles a day because it improves her mood and energy level. Which of the following best describes this example?

A) Health promotion
B) Illness prevention
C) Health maintenance
D) Health protection

Question 15

Despite increased interest in healthy lifestyles, modifiable health-related behaviors are the major contributors to death in the United States. Some examples of modifiable behaviors are:

A) Smoking, poor diet, and alcohol consumption.
B) Cancer, emphysema and cardiovascular disease
C) Walking, running, and aerobic exercise
D) Genetic abnormalities

Question 16

The integrative model of Laffrey and Kulbok includes two major dimensions: client system and focus of care. The client system:

A) Targets aggregates
B) Is initiated by the community
C) Includes various levels of clients toward which nursing care is targeted
D) Focuses on health promotion, illness prevention and illness care.

Question 17

The "top-down" attitude leads people to feel they have no power or control. This implies:

A) Placing responsibility for health behavior on the individual
B) The community taking sole responsibility for health behaviors.
C) Victim blaming for health behavior
D) Blaming local officials for poor policy making

Question 18

The term defined as "behavior directed toward keeping a current state of health" is:

A) Health promotion
B) Health promotion behavior
C) Health maintenance behavior
D) Health protective behavior

Question 19

According to Leavell and Clark, primary prevention consists of two components. They are:

A) Health promotion and rehabilitation
B) Health promotion and specific protection
C) Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
D) Health maintenance and early diagnosis

Question 20

The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services is based on a review of scientific evidence on 169 preventive services for 60 target conditions. This guide provides:

A) The most recent recommendations for preventive interventions including screening tests.
B) Assistance in interpreting Healthy People
2010.
C) Community health nurses with a basis for their practice.
D) Health risk appraisal instruments.

Question 21

One advantage of health-risk appraisal instruments is that:

A) They are suitable for all age-groups.
B) They accurately reflect an individual's ability to initiate changes in lifestyle.
C) They provide support to nurses in counseling and educating individuals in self-care behaviors.
D) They emphasize environmental factors.

Question 22

The Framingham Heart Study was successful in:

A) Providing information on the effectiveness of risk-reduction interventions
B) Documenting the relationship between social variables and heart disease
C) Identifying factors contributing to the development of coronary heart disease and high blood pressure
D) Demonstrating the effects of mass media in modifying high-risk behavior

Question 23

Which of the following describe interventions on the individual level? Select all that apply.

A) Teaching well-balanced nutrition to a mother with a malnourished child
B) Providing age-specific information for immunizations
C) Assessing the community for other cases of malnutrition
D) Assessing other families on the same street for similar problems

Question 24

Which of the following community-based risk-reduction interventions resulted in equally favorable health risk changes for both control and treatment groups?

A) Framingham Heart Study
B) Stanford Heart Disease Prevention Program
C) North Karelia Study
D) Minnesota Heart Health Program