Deck 14: Cannabinoid Agonists and Antagonists

Question 1

The major mechanism of action of anandamide appears to be:

A)presynaptic facilitation.
B)postsynaptic facilitation.
C)presynaptic inhibition.
D)postsynaptic inhibition.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The compound believed to be the endogenous marijuana ligand is:

A)delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
B)cannaninol.
C)cannabidiol.
D)anandamide.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

At the transmitter level,marijuana ultimately:

A)potentiates glutamate release.
B)inhibits glutamate release.
C)potentiates GABA release.
D)inhibits GABA release.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Anatomically,cannabinoid receptors are found:

A)in the brain,spinal cord,but not lymphatic system.
B)in the brain and lymphatic system,but not spinal cord.
C)in the spinal cord and lymphatic system,but not the brain.
D)in the brain,spinal cord,and lymphatic system.

Question 5

High doses of THC:

A)induce death by respiratory depression.
B)induce death by stroke.
C)induce death by severe hypotension.
D)are rarely lethal.

Question 6

The effect of binding of THC to its receptor is:

A)activation of a G protein.
B)inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
C)activation of adenylate cyclase.
D)inhibition of adenylate cyclase via activation of a G protein.

Question 7

Ion channels affected by THC are:

A)ligand gated.
B)voltage gated.
C)directly gated.
D)indirectly gated.

Question 8

THC _______ adenylate cyclase and ________ neurotransmitter release on presynaptic terminals.

A)inhibits; increases
B)activates; increases
C)inhibits; decreases
D)activates; decreases

Question 9

The regional distribution of cannabinoid receptors may explain:

A)why hashish is more potent than marijuana.
B)why marijuana and hashish have quantitatively different effects.
C)why THC is more effective when smoked than when taken orally.
D)why THC is not lethal.

Question 10

Which of the following statement is TRUE?:

A)THC is excreted mostly unchanged.
B)THC is metabolized only to active metabolites during first-pass metabolism.
C)THC is metabolized only to inactive metabolites during first-pass metabolism.
D)THC is metabolized to active and inactive metabolites during first-pass metabolism.

Question 11

Anatomically,cannabinoid receptors are found:

A)evenly distributed throughout the brain.
B)in the brain but not spinal cord.
C)in the brain stem but not spinal cord.
D)in the spinal cord but not brain stem.

Question 12

The most ubiquitous receptors in the brain now appear to be those responsive to:

A)GABA.
B)glutamate.
C)NMDA.
D)cannabinoids.

Question 13

At the cellular level,the major active ingredient in marijuana binds to:

A)dopamine receptors.
B)serotonin receptors.
C)directly gated ion channels.
D)cannabinoid receptors.

Question 14

THC and anandamide are best described as:

A)full agonists.
B)antagonists.
C)inverse agonists.
D)partial agonists.

Question 15

THC produces analgesia at the following site(s):

A)spinal cord,but not site of injury or brain.
B)spinal cord and brain,but not site of injury.
C)brain,but not spinal cord nor site of injury.
D)brain,spinal cord and site of injury.

Question 16

Following inhalation,peak blood levels of THC occur in approximately ________.In contrast,the half-life of THC's metabolite,carboxy-THC,is approximately ________.

A)3 to 4 hours; 30-60 hours
B)10 minutes; 3 to 4 hours
C)10 minutes; 12 hours
D)10 minutes; 30-60 hours

Question 17

The amount of THC absorbed into the bloodstream after social smoking of one marijuana cigarette is approximately:

A)1 gram.
B)25 to 50 mg.
C)greater than 50 mg,but less than 1 gram.
D)less than 10 mg.

Question 18

THC ________ calcium ion flux and ???_________ neurotransmitter release on presynaptic terminals.

A)inhibits; increases
B)facilitates; increases
C)inhibits; decreases
D)facilitates; decreases

Question 19

Hashish and marijuana differ mainly in their:

A)solubility in water.
B)potency.
C)efficacy.
D)effect on respiration.

Question 20

Large numbers of cannabinoid receptors in the basal ganglia and hippocampus,respectively,may explain effects of THC on:

A)memory and motor function,respectively.
B)motor function and driving impairment,respectively.
C)memory and driving impairment,respectively.
D)motor function and memory,respectively.

Question 21

THC is approved therapeutically for:

A)appetite suppression and analgesia.
B)appetite stimulation and analgesia.
C)appetite suppression and antinausea.
D)appetite stimulation and antinausea.

Question 22

THC has anti-inflammatory effects.

Question 23

THC:

A)reduces appetite and facilitates cognitive function.
B)increases appetite and facilitates cognitive function.
C)reduces appetite and impairs cognitive function.
D)increases appetite and impairs cognitive function.

Question 24

The effect of THC on body temperature,aggression,and convulsions,respectively is:

A)decrease; decrease; decrease.
B)decrease; decrease; increase.
C)decrease; increase; increase.
D)increase; increase,decrease.

Question 25

Only small amounts of the THC taken into the body are stored in body fat.

Question 26

Cannabis use in adolescence:

A)decreases the risk of schizophrenia-like psychosis in adults.
B)increases the risk of schizophrenia-like psychosis in adults.
C)decreases the risk of schizophrenia-like psychosis in adolescents.
D)increases the risk of schizophrenia-like psychosis in adolescents.

Question 27

Cannabinoid receptors outside the brain are of a different subtype than those in the brain.

Question 28

Rimonabant (SR141716),the cannabinoid antagonist:

A)improves smoking cessation rates.
B)is an antiobesity agent.
C)reduces alcohol craving.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

There are more opioid receptors than cannabinoid receptors in the mammalian brain.

Question 30

THC:

A)facilitates memory and impairs morphine's analgesic action.
B)impairs memory and impairs morphine's analgesic action.
C)facilitates memory and potentiates morphine's analgesic action.
D)impairs memory and potentiates morphine's analgesic action.

Question 31

THC is stored in fat cells and can be detected in plasma for up to 6 days after smoking.

Question 32

The primary mechanism of tolerance to THC is:

A)pharmacokinetic tolerance via the liver.
B)pharmacokinetic tolerance via the kidney.
C)pharmacodynamic tolerance resulting from receptor up regulation.
D)pharmacodynamic tolerance resulting from receptor down regulation.

Question 33

In discussing THC's interaction with other drugs,THC:

A)reduces barbiturate action and opiate action.
B)potentiates barbiturate action and opiate action.
C)reduces barbiturate action but potentiates opiate action.
D)potentiates barbiturate action but reduces opiate action.

Question 34

THC and opioids share the following effect(s):

A)analgesia.
B)sedation.
C)hypothermia.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 35

Heavy marijuana smokers who stop smoking may show positive urine tests for THC's metabolites up to 1 month after cessation.

Question 36

Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A)Marijuana smoke contains more tars than tobacco smoke and is associated with an increase in
B)Marijuana smoke contains far less tars than tobacco smoke but nevertheless is associated with
C)Marijuana smoke contains far less tars than tobacco smoke and is not associated with an
D)Marijuana smoke contains more tars than tobacco smoke but is not associated with an increase

Question 37

THC impairs the following stage(s)of memory:

A)encoding.
B)consolidation.
C)retrieval.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 38

THC facilitates the release of GABA.

Question 39

THC is metabolized in first-pass metabolism to active and inactive intermediates.

Question 40

Carboxy-THC has an elimination half-life of approximately 30-60 hours.

Question 41

Marijuana has never clearly been shown to impair a person's ability to drive safely.

Question 42

There is clear evidence for significant THC-induced immunosuppression as a causative agent in disease.

Question 43

Marijuana dilates blood vessels of the cornea.

Question 44

There exists a marijuana-withdrawal syndrome.

Question 45

Marijuana smoke contains less tar than tobacco smoke.

Question 46

Only a very small proportion of marijuana users develop a psychotic illness.

Question 47

Marijuana is the second most common reason for admission to a drug treatment program.

Question 48

Only in massive doses does marijuana produce delusions and hallucinations.

Question 49

THC use is typically associated with significant respiratory depression.

Question 50

Tobacco smoke,but not marijuana smoke,is associated with decreased lung function.

Question 51

The majority of users have reported at least one anxiety experience in response to high doses of THC.

Question 52

There is direct evidence linking chronic marijuana smoking with lung cancer.

Question 53

Cannabis use in adolescence increases the risk of later schizophrenia-like psychosis in genetically vulnerable individuals.

Question 54

Synthetic marijuana ("spice")has a greater affinity for cannabinoid receptors than THC.