Deck 7: Sedative-Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Medications

Question 1

The elimination half-life of all the various barbiturates is:

A)a few minutes.
B)up to 48 hours.
C)longer than 48 hours.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The most common symptom(s)of withdrawal from excessively high doses of barbiturates is:

A)hallucinations.
B)convulsions.
C)disorientation.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The sedative-hypnotic properties of sedatives most likely results from effects on:

A)acetylcholine.
B)glutamate.
C)GABA.
D)AMPA.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)acts to:

A)enhance bodybuilding much like the anabolic steroids.
B)enhance sexual performance.
C)potentiate sedation and depress central nervous system function.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Quaaludes can be classified as:

A)barbiturates sedatives.
B)nonbarbiturates sedatives.
C)aphrodisiacs.
D)narcotics.

Question 6

The sedative-hypnotic properties of sedatives most likely results from:

A)impairment of GABA-induced neurotransmission.
B)facilitation of GABA-induced neurotransmission.
C)impairment of glutamate-induced neurotransmission.
D)stimulation of glutamate-induced neurotransmission.

Question 7

The most common symptom of withdrawal from normal clinical doses of barbiturates is:

A)hallucinations.
B)convulsions.
C)disorientation.
D)sleeplessness.

Question 8

Generally speaking,the long-acting benzodiazepines are biotransformed into ________; the short-acting benzodiazepines are biotransformed into ________.

A)inactive products; inactive products
B)active products; active products
C)inactive products; active products
D)active products; inactive products

Question 9

The hypnotic action of the ultrashort-acting barbiturates is terminated by:

A)absorption.
B)redistribution.
C)degradation.
D)elimination.

Question 10

The ultrashort-acting barbiturates are ________; the longer-acting barbiturates are ________.

A)highly water soluble; highly fat soluble
B)highly fat soluble; highly fat soluble
C)highly water soluble; highly water soluble
D)highly fat soluble; moderately fat soluble

Question 11

Compared with young adults,the elderly:

A)are less sensitive to the benzodiazepines.
B)are more tolerant to the benzodiazepines.
C)more readily metabolize benzodiazepines.
D)less readily metabolize benzodiazepines.

Question 12

The "nonbarbiturate" sedatives:

A)neither structurally resemble nor act like barbiturates.
B)structurally resemble,but do not act like,barbiturates.
C)act like,but do not structurally resemble,the barbiturates.
D)both structurally resemble and act like the barbiturates.

Question 13

Benzodiazepines differ from one another in:

A)their basic structure.
B)their plasma half-lives.
C)their binding sites.
D)their site of action.

Question 14

The barbiturates:

A)suppress memory and increase REM sleep.
B)suppress memory and decrease REM sleep.
C)decrease REM sleep but do not affect memory.
D)increase REM sleep but do not affect memory.

Question 15

At nontoxic doses,barbiturates significantly affect:

A)the cardiovascular system.
B)the kidneys.
C)the gastrointestinal tract.
D)None of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Benzodiazepines differ from one another mainly in:

A)pharmacodynamics.
B)pharmacokinetics.
C)both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
D)neither pharmacodynamics nor pharmacokinetics.

Question 17

The so-called "Mickey Finn" is comprised of:

A)Soma and ethanol.
B)Quaaludes and ethanol.
C)paraldehyde and ethanol.
D)chloral hydrate and ethanol.

Question 18

The most common cause of death when combining benzodiazepines with another CNS depressant or alcohol is:

A)hypotension.
B)bradychardia.
C)seizures.
D)respiratory depression.

Question 19

The reason that the use of barbiturates has declined rapidly over the years is that:

A)barbiturates are usually lethal in overdose.
B)the dosage range for the effectiveness of barbiturates is very close to its toxic range.
C)barbiturates interact dangerously with a wide range of drugs.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

The treatment for overdose of barbiturates is:

A)administration of the specific antidote for barbiturates.
B)respiratory support.
C)cardiovascular support.
D)both respiratory and cardiovascular support.

Question 21

Zaleplon (Sonata)is a:

A)long-acting anxiolytic.
B)long-acting hypnotic.
C)short-acting anxiolytic.
D)short-acting hypnotic.

Question 22

The aim of research into "partial GABA agonists" is to manufacture a drug that produces:

A)sedation without anxiolysis.
B)anxiolysis without sedation.
C)sedation without ataxia.
D)ataxia without sedation.

Question 23

Higher doses of benzodiazepines produce:

A)anxiolysis.
B)depression.
C)amnesia.
D)both anxiolysis and amnesia.

Question 24

Effects of the benzodiazepines include:

A)sedation.
B)anxiolysis.
C)muscle relaxation.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

Benzodiazepines ________ binding at the ________ receptor.

A)facilitate; GABA
B)facilitate; 5-HT
C)inhibit; GABA
D)inhibit; 5-HT

Question 26

Benzodiazepines may be useful for treating all of the following EXCEPT:

A)anxiety.
B)insomnia.
C)alcohol withdrawal.
D)intoxication.

Question 27

The main effect of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil is:

A)anxiolysis.
B)anxiety.
C)sedation.
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 28

The benzodiazepines are best prescribed for:

A)directly relaxing muscles.
B)alleviating depression.
C)treating chronic anxiety.
D)treating short-term anxiety.

Question 29

Ambien (zolpidem)differs from BZRAs in that:

A)its effects are qualitatively similar but greater than BZRAs.
B)its effects are qualitatively similar but weaker than BZRAs.
C)it produces anxiolysis without sedation.
D)it produces sedation without anxiolysis.

Question 30

Perhaps the best use of benzodiazepines is in:

A)treating epilepsy.
B)treating chronic anxiety.
C)treating panic disorder.
D)intentionally producing anterograde amnesia.

Question 31

Ambien (zolpidem)differs from diazepam (Valium):

A)even though it binds to the same receptor subtypes.
B)in that it binds to GABAA receptors.
C)in that it binds to receptors other than GABAA receptors.
D)in that it binds to a subset of GABAA receptors.

Question 32

Zolpidem is a:

A)benzodiazepine receptor agonist.
B)benzodiazepine receptor antagonist.
C)nonbenzodiazepine BZRA.
D)nonbenzodiazepine receptor antagonist.

Question 33

Benzodiazepines facilitate the action of the neurotransmitter:

A)GABA.
B)ACh.
C)NE.
D)5-HT.

Question 34

Early withdrawal signs following cessation of long-term benzodiazepine use include:

A)agitation.
B)insomnia.
C)restlessness.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 35

The drug Ambien (zolpidem)is prescribed for treating:

A)anxiety.
B)depression.
C)insomnia.
D)agitation.

Question 36

The brain site(s)mediating anxiety and/or panic is(are)the:

A)amygdala.
B)orbitofrontal cortex.
C)insula.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 37

The preferred pharmacological treatment for benzodiazepine overdose is:

A)stimulants.
B)coffee.
C)GABAA receptor antagonists.
D)benzodiazepine receptor antagonists.

Question 38

The drug of choice for the treatment of panic attacks is:

A)benzodiazepines.
B)depressants.
C)sedatives.
D)antidepressants.

Question 39

Presently,the drug of choice for the treatment of chronic anxiety is:

A)benzodiazepines.
B)depressants.
C)sedatives.
D)antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics.

Question 40

As shown in the figure below,compared with the dose-response curve for young adults (curve A),the dose-response curve for the elderly will be shifted in the direction of:

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)The point cannot be predicted.

Question 41

The most common cause of death with nitrous oxide is:

A)convulsions.
B)hypotension.
C)stroke.
D)hypoxia.

Question 42

The major mechanism of action of the antiepileptics is:

A)blockade of voltage-dependent sodium channels.
B)enhanced GABA-mediated inhibition of neural activity.
C)blockade of GABA receptors.
D)enhanced glutamate-mediated neurotransmission.

Question 43

Benzodiazepines are a form of barbiturates.

Question 44

The inhaled anesthetics include:

A)morphine.
B)ketamine.
C)phenobarbital.
D)nitrous oxide.

Question 45

A number of benzodiazepines are biotransformed into active metabolites.

Question 46

Buspirone is also useful for treating:

A)alcohol withdrawal.
B)benzodiazepine withdrawal.
C)insomnia.
D)depression.

Question 47

Benzodiazepines have a higher overdose toxicity than barbiturates.

Question 48

The nonbarbiturate sedatives act like,but do not structurally resemble,the barbiturates.

Question 49

Buspirone reduces:

A)both anxiety and depression within hours of administration.
B)anxiety within hours of administration,but depression only after weeks of
C)depression within hours of administration,but anxiety only after weeks of
D)both anxiety and depression,but only after weeks of administration.

Question 50

At the receptor level,buspirone acts:

A)as an agonist at 5-HT3 (postsynaptic)receptors.
B)as an antagonist at 5-HT3 (postsynaptic)receptors.
C)as an agonist at 5-HT1A (postsynaptic)receptors.
D)as an antagonist at 5-HT1A (postsynaptic)receptors.

Question 51

At the cellular level,the novel antiepileptic agent Vimpat (lacosamide)affects:

A)K⁺ channel activation.
B)K+ channel inactivation.
C)Na⁺ channel activation.
D)Na⁺ channel inactivation.

Question 52

Barbiturates can,paradoxically,induce a state of aggression.

Question 53

Drowsiness is a common,but not inevitable,consequence of barbiturate usage.

Question 54

The major mechanism of action of the injectable anesthetics is probably:

A)perturbation of the cell membrane.
B)potentiation of GABAA-induced neurotransmission.
C)potentiation of glutamate-induced neurotransmission.
D)induction of analgesia.

Question 55

The therapeutic-to-toxic range for barbiturates is very narrow.

Question 56

REM sleep is unaffected by barbiturates.

Question 57

Barbiturates are anticonvulsants.

Question 58

Benzodiazepines act directly to stimulate the GABA receptor.

Question 59

Fortunately,there are specific antidotes to barbiturates overdose.

Question 60

Benzodiazepines are the treatment of choice for chronic anxiety.

Question 61

Partial GABA_Aantagonists like zolpidem reduce anxiety without producing sedation.

Question 62

The benzodiazepines reduce anxiety,and benzodiazepine blockers produce anxiety.

Question 63

A major side effect of the benzodiazepines is amnesia.