Deck 3: The Neuron, Synaptic Transmission, and Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)results in:

A)blockade of postsynaptic ACh receptors.
B)increased degradation of ACh.
C)decreased degradation of ACh.
D)decreased synthesis of ACh.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The mechanism of action of the MAO inhibitor antidepressants is:

A)blockade of receptors (antagonist action).
B)blockade of neurotransmitter reuptake (reuptake inhibitor).
C)blockade of enzymatic breakdown of neurotransmitter.
D)increase in release of neurotransmitter.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)results in:

A)blockade of postsynaptic ACh receptors.
B)increased degradation of ACh.
C)decreased synthesis of ACh.
D)increased levels of ACh.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Reversible acetylcholine esterase (AChE)inhibitors are used clinically to treat:

A)Parkinson's disease.
B)multiple sclerosis.
C)muscular dystrophy.
D)Alzheimer's disease.

Question 5

The catecholamines act upon:

A)both fast-responding and G-protein-coupled postsynaptic receptors.
B)one subtype of G-protein-coupled postsynaptic receptor.
C)multiple subtypes of G-protein-coupled postsynaptic receptors.
D)multiple subtypes of fast-responding postsynaptic receptors.

Question 6

The hypothalamus is a motivating force behind all the following behaviors,EXCEPT:

A)the drive to eat.
B)the drive to drink.
C)the drive for sex.
D)the rage response.

Question 7

The brain stem includes all but the following:

A)pons.
B)medulla.
C)midbrain.
D)thalamus.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a member of the limbic system?

A)hypothalamus
B)amygdala
C)hippocampus
D)dopamine-rich reward centers

Question 9

The correct sequence for hormone release is the following:

A)pituitary gland → hypothalamus → target organ.
B)hypothalamus → pituitary gland → target organ.
C)pituitary gland → target organ → hypothalamus.
D)hypothalamus → target organ → pituitary gland.

Question 10

The basic cellular unit of the central nervous system is the:

A)nerve.
B)tract.
C)axon.
D)neuron.

Question 11

In neurophysiology,the term exocytosis applies to:

A)the neural cell body.
B)the presynaptic terminal of the neural cell.
C)the vesicles of the neural cell.
D)both the presynaptic terminal and the vesicles of the neural cell.

Question 12

Nerve gases such as Sarin produce their effects by:

A)blocking postsynaptic ACh receptors.
B)increasing degradation of ACh.
C)decreasing synthesis of ACh.
D)increasing levels of ACh.

Question 13

The nucleus of a neural cell is found in the:

A)soma.
B)dendrite.
C)axon.
D)presynaptic terminal.

Question 14

The diencephalon includes all but the following:

A)hypothalamus.
B)pituitary gland.
C)subthalamus.
D)cerebrum.

Question 15

Insecticides produce their effects by:

A)blocking postsynaptic ACh receptors.
B)increasing degradation of ACh.
C)decreasing synthesis of ACh.
D)increasing levels of ACh.

Question 16

Administration of the psychedelic drug scopolamine results in:

A)blockade of postsynaptic ACh receptors.
B)increased degradation of ACh.
C)decreased synthesis of ACh.
D)increased levels of ACh.

Question 17

The catecholamines include all of the following neurotransmitters,EXCEPT:

A)norepinephrine (NE).
B)dopamine (DA).
C)serotonin (5-HT).
D)epinephrine (E).

Question 18

In neurochemistry,the terms alpha and beta refer to subtypes of the neurotransmitter:

A)NE.
B)DA.
C)5-HT.
D)E.

Question 19

All of the following neurotransmitters are taken back up into the presynaptic terminal via an active reuptake mechanism,EXCEPT:

A)norepinephrine.
B)serotonin.
C)acetylcholine.
D)dopamine.

Question 20

The brain stem is involved in all of the following functions,EXCEPT:

A)attention.
B)filtering.
C)arousal.
D)behavioral alerting (vigilance).

Question 21

The neurotransmitters most clearly implicated in reward mechanisms and orienting responses,respectively,are:

A)5-HT and DA.
B)DA and 5-HT.
C)DA and NE.
D)NE and DA.

Question 22

The benzodiazepine anxiolytics and barbiturate sedatives bind to the ligand-gated ion channel for the neurotransmitter:

A)glutamate.
B)GABA.
C)5-HT.
D)NE.

Question 23

The brain site responsible for producing the majority of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT)in the brain is:

A)the raphe nuclei.
B)the substantia nigra.
C)the basal ganglia.
D)the locus coeruleus.

Question 24

The correct sequence for the synthesis of norepinephrine (NE)is as follows:

A)dopa; tyrosine; dopamine; norepinephrine
B)dopamine; dopa; tyrosine; norepinephrine
C)tyrosine; dopa; dopamine; norepinephrine
D)tyrosine; dopamine; dopa; norepinephrine

Question 25

Drugs that affect the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA)are used clinically to treat:

A)Parkinson's disease.
B)multiple sclerosis.
C)muscular dystrophy.
D)Alzheimer's disease.

Question 26

The majority of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE)is ____________; its precursor (that is,the chemical from which it is directly converted)is ____________.

A)metabolized in the synaptic cleft; l-dopa
B)metabolized in the synaptic cleft; dopamine
C)taken back up into the presynaptic terminal; l-dopa
D)taken back up into the presynaptic terminal; dopamine

Question 27

The brain site responsible for producing the majority of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE)in the brain is:

A)the raphe nuclei.
B)the substantia nigra.
C)the basal ganglia.
D)the locus coeruleus.

Question 28

Alterations in the function of the following neurotransmitter and/or its receptors typically affect central motor systems:

A)ACh.
B)DA.
C)5-HT.
D)NE.

Question 29

Once a neuron in the brain dies,it is not replaced.

Question 30

Acetylcholine esterase-inhibitors break down Ach in the synapse

Question 31

Acetylcholine esterase (AchE)is the major active ingredient in insecticides and Sarin.

Question 32

The most common inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain are,respectively:

A)NE and 5-HT.
B)NE and GABA.
C)glutamate and GABA.
D)GABA and glutamate.

Question 33

The psychedelic drugs phencyclidine (PCP)and ketamine block receptors for the neurotransmitter:

A)DA.
B)NE.
C)5-HT.
D)glutamate.

Question 34

The majority of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)is taken back up into the presynaptic terminal.

Question 35

Acetylcholine esterase (AchE)is used clinically as a cognitive enhancer in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Question 36

The majority of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)is metabolized in the synaptic cleft.

Question 37

The endogenous opoids including the enkephalins and endorphins are ________ neurotransmitters.

A)amino acid
B)classical
C)catecholamine
D)peptide

Question 38

The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in a variety of processes including sleep,sex,affective disorders,and pain is:

A)ACh.
B)DA.
C)5-HT.
D)NE.

Question 39

Blockade of the following receptor produces effects ranging from hallucinations to protection from excitotoxicity and head injury:

A)NMDA.
B)kainate.
C)AMPA.
D)quisqualate.

Question 40

Antipsychotic medications chiefly affect the neurotransmitter:

A)NE.
B)DA.
C)5-HT.
D)E.

Question 41

Serotonon (5-HT)acts upon both "fast-responding" and "slow-responding" postsynaptic receptors.

Question 42

Acetylcholine is a peptide neurotransmitter.

Question 43

The classical neurotransmitters (ACh,DA,NE,5-HT)are used by the majority of neurons in the brain.

Question 44

The majority of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE)is metabolized in the synaptic cleft.

Question 45

GABA acts upon both "fast-responding" and "slow-responding" postsynaptic receptors.

Question 46

Acetylcholine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter.

Question 47

The majority of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA)is taken back up into the presynaptic terminal.

Question 48

New norepinephrine (NE)must be synthesized to replace each molecule that is released into the synapse.