Deck 10: Depressive-And-Bipolar-Disorders

Question 1

____ is one of the most common symptoms of depression in children,occurring in about 80% of clinic-referred youngsters with depression.

A)Irritability
B)Anger
C)Grandiosity
D)Inattention

Answer 1

Irritability

Question 2

Children who experience depression ____.

A)rarely attempt suicide
B)rarely relapse
C)typically make a full recovery on their own
D)are at risk for future depressive episodes

Answer 2

are at risk for future depressive episodes

Question 3

The earlier and mistaken belief that children could not suffer from depression was rooted in ____.

A)biological findings
B)psychoanalytic theory
C)behavioral theory
D)cognitive theory

Answer 3

psychoanalytic theory

Question 4

Which of the following occurs more frequently in younger than older individuals?​

A)depressed appearance
B)irritability
C)somatic complaints
D)phobias

Question 5

The earlier concept of "masked" depression was that ____.

A)children wear a characteristic "mask" of depression,including downcast eyes and downturned mouth
B)depression is difficult to diagnose in children because they "mask" their feelings with a happy face
C)children purposely conceal or "mask" their depression so as to avoid treatment
D)depression could be "masked" or concealed by a variety of other behaviors,and thus,any clinical symptom could be evidence of underlying depression

Question 6

Children with major depressive disorder are at greater risk than adults for developing ____.

A)bipolar disorder
B)somatoform disorder
C)schizophrenia
D)panic disorder

Question 7

The increase in depression from childhood to adolescence appears to be largely a result of ____.

A)biological maturation
B)increased cognitive capacity
C)growing self-awareness
D)substance use

Question 8

Which of the following is least likely to co-occur with major depressive disorder in young people?​

A)conduct problems
B)ADHD
C)autism
D)substance abuse

Question 9

The absence of joy and interest in activities that were previously enjoyable is called ____.

A)dysphoria
B)dysthymia
C)anhedonia
D)depression

Question 10

Young people suffering from severe depression often exhibit symptoms on a spectrum that include ____ in levels of severity.

A)co-morbid behavior problems
B)sleep difficulties
C)suicidal ideation
D)suicidal ideation.

Question 11

Anaclitic depression was the term used by Renee Spitz in the 1940s to describe the pattern of behavior he saw in ____.

A)emotionally deprived infants
B)abused toddlers
C)pregnant adolescents
D)bereaved children

Question 12

Depression in children is characterized by ____.

A)helplessness
B)apathy
C)contentment
D)mania

Question 13

Prevalence estimates for major depressive disorder in all children ages 4 to 18 range from ____.

A)0.3% to 1%
B)2% to 8%
C)10% to 15%
D)20% to 25%

Question 14

The most frequent co-occurring disorder(s)in clinic-referred youngsters with major depressive disorder is/are ____.

A)conduct disorders
B)ADHD
C)anxiety disorders
D)somatoform disorders

Question 15

The increase in depression in young people has been attributed,at least in part,to:​

A)poorer childhood nutrition leading to disrupted neurological development
B)media influences leading children to feel hopeless about the future
C)rapid social change leading to increased stress levels for young people
D)increased awareness of symptoms of depression in youth leading to an increase in the number of children seen in clinics for diagnoses

Question 16

A ____ refers to a group of symptoms that occur together more often than by chance.

A)disorder
B)cluster
C)syndrome
D)condition

Question 17

Major depressive disorder in children is more likely to occur after the onset of all other psychiatric disorders,except for ____.

A)bipolar disorder
B)separation anxiety disorder
C)ADHD
D)substance abuse

Question 18

Prospective studies of children and adolescents have found that the age of onset for the first depressive episode is usually ____ years.

A)7 to 10
B)10 to 12
C)13 to 15
D)16 to 18

Question 19

The increase in depression from preschool to elementary school is not likely to be a reflection of ____.

A)biological maturation
B)growing self-awareness
C)growing cognitive capacity
D)increased performance and social pressures

Question 20

The lifetime prevalence rate of depression in adolescents is as high as ____.

A)5%
B)7%
C)20%
D)40%

Question 21

Adolescent girls may be at higher risk for depression if they have a history of ____.

A)interpersonal stress and lack of social support
B)under average height
C)lower levels of testosterone and estrogen at puberty
D)longer friendships with others who are depressed

Question 22

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in the prevalence of depression among males and females?​

A)Throughout the lifespan,females are more likely to suffer from depression than males.
B)Depression is equally common among preadolescent boys and girls,but after about age 13 the rate is higher for females.
C)Depression is equally common among boys and girls in childhood and adolescence,but after about age 18 the rate is higher for females.
D)Females are more likely to suffer from depression at all ages,but only when there is a co-morbid anxiety disorder.

Question 23

The increased risk for depression among adolescent girls compared to boys has been attributed to ____.

A)changes in brain structure
B)gender identity issues
C)their tendency to use ruminative coping styles to deal with stress
D)less willingness to cooperate

Question 24

The fact that depression occurs in many youngsters who do not experience loss or rejection,and does not occur in many children who do,is support against which theory of depression?​

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)attachment

Question 25

Information-processing biases displayed by depressed individuals ____.

A)are errors in thinking in specific situations
B)are negative effortful thoughts
C)often include thoughts of past accomplishments
D)are based on poor faulty memory systems

Question 26

The most prevalent co-occurring disorder/s with dysthymic disorder is/are ____.

A)anxiety disorders
B)ADHD
C)conduct disorders
D)major depressive disorder

Question 27

Which of the following statements about suicide is true?​

A)Suicidal attempts are only specific to depression.
B)Overdose and wrist-cutting are the most common means for adolescents who successfully complete suicide.
C)Most youngsters with depression report suicidal thinking.
D)Suicide attempts of youngsters with depression almost never occur during times when they are symptom-free.

Question 28

A recent study found that in transition from adolescence to young adulthood depressive symptoms were highest for which ethnic/racial groups?​

A)Hispanic and Asian
B)Caucasian and African American
C)Hispanic and African American
D)Caucasian and Asian

Question 29

Which theory of depression claims that depression is related to a lack of response-contingent positive reinforcement?​

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)attachment

Question 30

Successful treatment rates of dysthymic disorder are ____.

A)lower than those of major depressive disorder
B)greater than those of major depressive disorder
C)equal to those of major depressive disorder
D)lower than those of major depressive disorder in adolescence,but not in childhood

Question 31

The ____ theory of depression focuses on parental separation and disruption of a bond as predisposing factors for depression.

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)attachment

Question 32

Depression prone individuals tend to make ______ attributions for the causes of negative events.

A)external,unstable,and global
B)external,stable,and specific
C)internal,stable,and global
D)internal,unstable,and specific

Question 33

Which symptom interferes with normal youth development of interpersonal relationships?​

A)sleeplessness
B)agitation
C)social withdrawal
D)somatic complaints

Question 34

The "cognitive triad" refers to ____.

A)the three parts of the brain that process information
B)attending to,processing,and interpreting information
C)the three cognitive theorists who have advanced our understanding of depression
D)a depressed individual's negative outlook about one's self,the world,and the future

Question 35

Someone who focuses narrowly on negative events for long periods of time has a:​

A)negative attitude
B)depressive manner
C)negative focus
D)depressive ruminative style

Question 36

Youngsters who have an onset of depression prior to age 15 and a recurrent episode prior to age 20 are likely to ____.

A)have mild depression as a younger teen
B)recover from their depressive episode faster in adulthood
C)have mild depression as a teen,but chronic depression as an adult
D)have severe depression as a teen and poor psychosocial outcomes as a young adult

Question 37

The symptom most specifically related to depression in adolescents is ____.

A)low self-esteem
B)sleeplessness
C)substance abuse
D)suicidal ideation

Question 38

The most common suicide method/s in suicide attempts is/are ____.

A)firearms
B)overdose and wrist-cutting
C)hanging or suffocating
D)household poison

Question 39

A history of depression during the school years increases the risk for later ____.

A)resilience
B)suicidal behavior
C)underemployment
D)aggressive behavior

Question 40

____ are the negative perceptual and attributional styles and beliefs associated with depressive symptoms.

A)Depressed thoughts
B)Cognitive delusions
C)Depressogenic cognitions
D)Destructive cognitions

Question 41

The only SSRI that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of depression in children is ____.

A)paroxetine (Paxil)
B)fluoxetine (Prozac)
C)sertraline (Zoloft)
D)none are approved

Question 42

Which of the following regarding bipolar disorder in young people is false?​

A)Manic episodes in their fully developed state are clearly different usual behavior.
B)Girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys.
C)Bipolar disorder is extremely rare in young children.
D)Rates of bipolar disorder are higher in clinical samples.

Question 43

The most efficacious preventative intervention for children at risk for depression is ____.

A)low doses of fluoxetine (Prozac)
B)residential placement
C)cognitive-behavioral therapy
D)electroconvulsive therapy

Question 44

Which disorder is least likely to co-occur with bipolar disorder in young people?​

A)mental retardation
B)ADHD
C)anxiety disorders
D)substance abuse

Question 45

The single best predictor of a child's risk for Major Depressive Disorder is ____.

A)drug use
B)family history of depression
C)psychosocial problems
D)academic problems

Question 46

Regarding bipolar disorder,boys display ____.

A)more depressed mood than girls
B)later onset than girls
C)more severity than girls
D)more manic behaviors than girls

Question 47

In comparison to nondepressed children,those with depression experience ____ in the year preceding their depression.

A)fewer friendship changes
B)fewer daily hassles
C)more severe stressful events and more daily hassles
D)more resilience

Question 48

Children of depressed parents have a higher rate of ____.

A)conflict with siblings
B)eating disorders
C)physical injuries
D)sexual abuse

Question 49

What is not a typical characteristic of families of children with depression?​

A)less warmth
B)less support
C)poor communication
D)underinvolvement

Question 50

Which diagnosis is a child least likely to receive?​

A)major depressive disorder
B)bipolar I disorder
C)bipolar II disorder
D)cyclothymic disorder

Question 51

Which statement regarding the prevalence of bipolar disorder is false?​

A)Bipolar disorder is less common than major depressive disorder in young people.
B)Bipolar disorder is extremely rare prior to puberty.
C)The prevalence of bipolar disorder during adolescence is at least as high as it is for adults.
D)Children often experience hypomanic episodes that meet duration requirements of DSM-5.

Question 52

Dr.Smith prescribes Sally a certain medication for the treatment of bipolar disorder; it causes weight gain.Which treatment is Sally taking?​

A)risperidone
B)alprazolam
C)valproate
D)fluoxetine

Question 53

The diathesis-stress model of depression explains the onset of the disorder as ____.

A)linked directly to the occurrence of stressful life events
B)dependent upon the interaction between personal vulnerability and life stress
C)resulting from stressors caused by impaired functioning
D)biologically based

Question 54

In general,____ is the first choice in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

A)cognitive-behavioral therapy
B)interpersonal therapy
C)lithium
D)family therapy

Question 55

Children (and adults)who experience a clinical course of one or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode are diagnosed with ____.

A)bipolar I disorder
B)bipolar II disorder
C)double depression
D)cyclothymic disorder

Question 56

Brain imaging studies in adolescents with bipolar disorder point to abnormalities in parts of the brain that ____.

A)regulate emotion
B)plan executive functions
C)control memory
D)regulate sleep patterns

Question 57

The most successful treatment/s for major depressive disorder is/are ____.

A)nondirective supportive therapy
B)family therapy
C)psychoanalytic therapy
D)CBT and IPT-A

Question 58

Due to recent findings of possible increased risk of suicide and self-harm of young people using SSRIs to treat depression,the FDA has mandated ____.

A)parents be well-informed and monitor their children closely
B)warning labels on medication and patient education guides
C)that children and adolescents should not be prescribed SSRIs
D)that SSRIs be prescribed in combination with psychotherapy

Question 59

Bipolar disorder appears to be the result of ____.

A)genetic vulnerability
B)environmental factors
C)genetic vulnerability in combination with environmental factors
D)untreated major depressive disorder

Question 60

____ view youngsters with depression as having difficulty organizing their behavior in relation to long-term goals.

A)Interpersonal models
B)Self-control theories
C)Socioenvironmental models
D)Neurobiological models

Question 61

What role do cognitive deficits and cognitive distortions play in depression?​

Question 62

What are some of the concerns or difficulties in diagnosing a child with bipolar disorder?​

Question 63

What reasons have been put forth for the increase in depression from the preschool to elementary school years,and from childhood to adolescence?​

Question 64

Explain some of the concerns of treating young people with depression with medications.

Question 65

Distinguish between depression as a symptom,syndrome,and disorder.

Question 66

What is the role of the family in the development and maintenance of depression in young people?​

Question 67

How is self-esteem related to depression in children?​

Question 68

Distinguish between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder.

Question 69

Why do mood disorders in children frequently go undetected?​

Question 70

How do the symptomatic presentations of depression in preschoolers,school-aged children,preteens,and teens differ? How are they the same?​

Question 71

Give three areas in which depressed individuals show cognitive problems,according to Aaron Beck.

Question 72

Distinguish between manic,mixed,and hypomanic episodes.

Question 73

What are some of the concerns with medications such as lithium in treating a child who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder?​

Question 74

What approach is used in "The Action" for treating children with depression and their families? Describe the "The Action" program.

Question 75

What are some of the characteristics of a family with a depressed child? Of a family with a depressed parent?​