Deck 15: Personality Disorders

Question 1

In Japan,those with avoidant personality disorder would be diagnosed as having

A)hojo.
B)taijin kyofusho.
C)hatini.
D)shanghi dongwa.

Answer 1

taijin kyofusho.

Question 2

Compared to normal personality styles,personality disorders are more

A)bizarre and out of control.
B)dangerous and immoral.
C)inborn and physiological.
D)pervasive and inflexible.

Answer 2

pervasive and inflexible.

Question 3

Recent research on diagnosing personality disorders indicates that their reliability is

A)totally inadequate.
B)improved if specialized,structured interviews are used.
C)acceptable for antisocial personality disorder,but inadequate for most others.
D)better than most diagnostic categories.

Answer 3

improved if specialized,structured interviews are used.

Question 4

Peter not only works 70 hours a week,but he spends his off hours planning a schedule for his family.He dictates what time his wife will be home,when dinner will be served,and when they will go to bed.He is such a perfectionist that he actually finds it difficult to get work done efficiently,despite the amount of time he spends trying.Which of the following personality disorders best fits Peter?

A)dependent
B)narcissistic
C)schizoid
D)obsessive-compulsive

Question 5

Which of the following DSM personality disorders is more common in males than in females?

A)antisocial personality disorder
B)borderline personality disorder
C)avoidant personality disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 6

Personality disorders are defined as

A)maladaptive behaviors that consistently violate the rights of others.
B)long-standing,pervasive,and inflexible patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate from the expectations of a person's culture.
C)any psychological disorder having an onset before age 12 and recurring at least three times during adult life.
D)a chronic pattern of extreme instability in relationships,mood,and self-image.

Question 7

The most prevalent personality disorder in a clinical setting is

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)avoidant personality disorder.
D)schizotypal personality disorder.

Question 8

According to the DSM-5,those diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder

A)have social deficits.
B)are anxious in social situations.
C)feel like outcasts or outsiders.
D)all of these answers are correct.

Question 9

The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for avoidant personality disorder includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)positive sense of oneself.
B)inhibition in establishing social relationships.
C)preoccupation with criticism or rejection.
D)fear of disapproval.

Question 10

Antisocial personality disorder has previously been referred to as

A)psychopathy/sociopathy.
B)evilness.
C)antiempathic.
D)none of the above.

Question 11

Unusual and eccentric thoughts and behavior (psychoticism),interpersonal detachment,and suspiciousness are characteristics of the DSM-5's __________ personality disorder.

A)schizotypal
B)narcissistic
C)avoidant
D)borderline

Question 12

A concern about the DSM-5's classification system for personality disorders is that

A)about half of the people who meet criteria for one personality disorder also meet criteria for another personality disorder.
B)some of the disorders are rare in community settings,and even in most clinical settings.
C)many people who seem to have a serious personality problem don't fit any of the personality disorder diagnoses.
D)all of the above.

Question 13

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder lacks the __________ associated with OCD.

A)obsessions and compulsive behavior
B)personality
C)severity
D)relevance

Question 14

The most prevalent DSM-5 personality disorder in a community setting is

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)avoidant personality disorder.
D)schizotypal personality disorder.

Question 15

The DSM-5 defines __________ personality disorders.

A)5
B)8
C)10
D)13

Question 16

Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with __________ personality disorders,and men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with __________ personality disorders.

A)antisocial and narcissistic; borderline and histrionic
B)borderline and histrionic; antisocial and narcissistic
C)obsessive-compulsive and dependent; antisocial and histrionic
D)antisocial and narcissistic; obsessive-compulsive and schizoid

Question 17

The reliability of diagnosing personality disorders has improved by

A)strengthening the theoretical basis for each personality disorder.
B)showing an interrelationship with other disorders.
C)developing clear diagnostic criteria.
D)paying closer attention to their possible presence.

Question 18

It is common for those diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder to

A)talk to themselves.
B)engage in magical thinking.
C)dress in dirty or disheveled clothing.
D)all of the above.

Question 19

The symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder are similar to those seen in schizophrenia,but tend to be __________

A)much worse.
B)more severe.
C)less severe.
D)less common.

Question 20

The person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is

A)perfectionistic.
B)preoccupied with details.
C)focused on rules and schedules.
D)all of the above

Question 21

Two primary features of Linehan's diathesis-stress theory of borderline personality disorder are

A)ego functioning and transference.
B)object representation and cognitive style.
C)cognitive bias and attribution error.
D)emotional dysregulation and experiences of invalidation.

Question 22

Which neurotransmitter system has been implicated in anger control and has been used for borderline personality?

A)norepinephrine
B)serotonin
C)GABA
D)dopamine

Question 23

A person with which of the following diagnoses is most likely to also have post-traumatic stress disorder or a mood disorder?

A)borderline personality
B)obsessive-compulsive personality
C)paranoid personality
D)avoidant personality

Question 24

Yolanda vacillates between feeling extremely positive feelings for her friend to having extreme negative feelings for her,often for no apparent reason.When these changes in her disposition occur,she also experiences deep depression and sometimes engages in self-injurious behavior.On the basis of this information,Yolanda most likely has __________ personality disorder.

A)borderline
B)schizoid
C)obsessive-compulsive
D)paranoid

Question 25

Given that people with borderline personality disorder are impulsive,we would expect them to do poorly on tests that measure functioning of the

A)frontal lobe.
B)parietal lobe.
C)occipital lobe.
D)temporal lobe.

Question 26

A major family variable that contributes to later psychopathy in children is

A)high number of siblings.
B)working mothers.
C)parental inconsistency.
D)overprotection.

Question 27

Convicted felons are most likely to have which of the following disorders?

A)borderline personality disorder
B)sadistic personality disorder
C)psychopathy
D)antisocial personality disorder

Question 28

The DSM-5 Prototype description for borderline personality disorder includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)extremely fragile self-concept.
B)chronic feelings of emptiness.
C)multiple interpersonal relationships.
D)engage in verbal or physical acts of aggression when angry.

Question 29

Compared to a person with paranoid schizophrenia,a person diagnosed as having paranoid personality disorder is

A)less likely to experience social and occupational dysfunction.
B)more disturbed.
C)suffering from a more chronic and severe mental illness.
D)more likely to respond to medication.

Question 30

The DSM-5 trait domain and facet ratings for borderline personality disorder includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)emotional lability.
B)separation insecurity.
C)depressivity.
D)lack of empathy.

Question 31

Compared to individuals who are not psychopaths,the skin conductance of psychopaths is __________ when they are confronted with an intense or aversive stimulus.

A)less reactive
B)more reactive
C)equally reactive
D)more reactive only in those who are criminals

Question 32

A precursor to antisocial personality disorder is

A)conduct disorder.
B)oppositional disorder.
C)antisocial disorder of childhood or adolescence.
D)pervasive developmental disorder.

Question 33

Lykken's (1957)research provided support for the hypothesis that psychopaths experience __________ than controls.

A)more anxiety
B)less anxiety
C)more depression
D)less depression

Question 34

Paranoid personality disorder differs from paranoid schizophrenia in that

A)paranoid personality is not associated with unreasonable paranoia.
B)paranoid personality is more greatly associated with different delusions than schizophrenia.
C)paranoid personality is not associated with hallucinations.
D)paranoid personality is not likely to be present with depression.

Question 35

The research literature that supports the link between borderline personality disorder and troubled childhood has found that

A)most studies were conducted only on women.
B)patients are more likely to report a history of parental separation and abuse than those diagnosed with other personality disorders
C)family conflict is difficult to measure accurately.
D)most studies were conducted on families that had concurrent alcohol abuse present in the home.

Question 36

Recent behavior-genetics research on antisocial personality disorder

A)indicates a significant role of heritability.
B)has shown the role of heritability to be negligible.
C)indicates no environmental effects.
D)has been inconclusive.

Question 37

In research on response modulation and psychopathy,psychopaths won or lost money depending on what playing cards appeared.In this research,the impulsivity of psychopaths was studied by

A)making them wait before deciding to continue the game.
B)having them estimate the amount of money they had won.
C)ratings of their verbal statements during the game.
D)all of the above

Question 38

Which of the following characterizes borderline personality disorder?

A)emotional dysregulation
B)low extraversion
C)bland,dull affect
D)panic attacks

Question 39

Schizoid personality disorder has most in common with

A)histrionic personality disorder.
B)schizotypal personality disorder.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)bipolar I disorder.

Question 40

Which personality disorder is most appropriate for Joe? He lives alone in a cabin in the woods where he does the minimum to get by.When approached,he responds appropriately but is not interested in conversation or making friends.

A)avoidant
B)schizoid
C)histrionic
D)borderline

Question 41

Individuals with borderline personality disorder are difficult to treat because

A)their intellectual functioning is too low for them to reach true insights.
B)they do not feel distressed,despite being so distressing to others.
C)they have extreme difficulties trusting others,including a therapist.
D)all of the above.

Question 42

According to the social-cognitive model of narcissistic personality disorder,people with this disorder place a high value on interpersonal interactions because

A)they yearn for interpersonal closeness and warmth.
B)interpersonal interactions are central for reinforcing their self-esteem.
C)they have such high self-esteems.
D)they are very concerned about the quality of their friendships.

Question 43

What diagnosis would be most appropriate for Tonya? She says she would like to meet people but is too afraid of saying something foolish to speak to them.She describes herself as the ultimate social klutz because she never knows what to say or do.As a result,she keeps to herself except for interacting with a few friends she has known since childhood.

A)schizoid personality disorder
B)schizotypal personality disorder
C)avoidant personality disorder
D)dependent personality disorder

Question 44

Narcissistic personality is primarily characterized by

A)avoidance of others.
B)a lack of self-confidence.
C)multiple,vague physical complaints.
D)self-centeredness with fantasies of success.

Question 45

Avoidant personality disorder would most likely be treated with which type of psychiatric medication in order to reduce social anxiety?

A)anti-anxiety medications
B)antidepressants
C)neuroleptics
D)none of the above are correct; medication has not been found effective in treating personality disorders.

Question 46

Schema-focused cognitive therapy for personality disorders

A)focuses on challenging maladaptive beliefs in the client's current relationships.
B)is primarily concerned with challenging the schemes clients come up with in their daily interactions.
C)focuses exclusively on cognitions formed during critical periods of the client's childhood.
D)enriches traditional cognitive therapy with a broader focus on early childhood antecedents and parenting influences that shape current cognitive patterns.

Question 47

Karl relies on his wife to make every decision,from what kind of suits he should buy to which people at work he should get to know better.He feels that he must rely heavily on his wife because he feels he is not competent to carry out these tasks.Which of the following personality disorders would fit Karl?

A)schizoid
B)avoidant
C)dependent
D)borderline

Question 48

Which of the following is emphasized in Linehan's Dialectical Behavior Therapy for borderline personality disorder?

A)systematic assessment before therapy begins
B)calm acceptance of contradictions and acting out
C)focusing on fears of vulnerability in a dangerous,unpredictable world
D)setting appropriate limits clearly from the beginning

Question 49

Dialectical behavior therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder combines

A)social skills training and free-association.
B)ego analysis and more directive behavioral techniques.
C)cognitive-behavioral problem-solving,social skills training and client-centered empathy.
D)Gestalt techniques and relaxation training.

Question 50

Drug treatment for borderline personality disorder

A)has been shown to be ineffective for treating the symptoms of the disorder.
B)must be conducted with weekly consultations from a neurologist.
C)must be done with care as people with the disorder often abuse drugs.
D)has been researched too little to make any general statements.

Question 51

According to the social-cognitive model of narcissistic personality disorder,individuals with this disorder

A)have vulnerable self-esteems.
B)have extremely high self-esteems.
C)are socially aloof.
D)are afraid to brag or bolster themselves.

Question 52

Family studies

A)support the role of genetics in the odd/eccentric cluster.
B)show a very limited role of genetics in the odd/eccentric cluster.
C)have been inconclusive when examining the relationship between schizophrenia and the odd/eccentric cluster.
D)have shown there to be a stronger genetic component to schizoid and schizotypal personality disorder than paranoid personality disorder.

Question 53

Which of the following personality disorders is the best diagnosis for Claude? Claude goes to great lengths to be the center of attention.He announces his views and feelings with great drama; however one soon suspects it is only for effect,and he seems willing to say or do almost anything to get others to pay attention to and like him.

A)histrionic
B)schizotypal
C)schizoid
D)paranoid

Question 54

Veronica imagines that she will one day have great success in business,although she now is working as a waitress.She has difficulty getting along at work because she envies her boss's position of authority (feeling she is more intelligent than him)and expects special favors such as not having to clean the stove like the other waitresses.Which of the following personality disorders best fits Veronica?

A)narcissistic
B)borderline
C)histrionic
D)avoidant

Question 55

Schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders may be distinguished only by the presence of which of the following symptoms in schizotypal persons?

A)indifference to others.
B)visual hallucinations.
C)flat affect,little overt emotion.
D)overtly odd behaviors.

Question 56

A primary characteristic of histrionic personality disorder is

A)avoidance of others.
B)multiple,vague physical complaints.
C)inability to make realistic life plans.
D)overly dramatic and attention-seeking behavior.

Question 57

Which therapy approach seeks to break down personality disorders into sets of separate,concrete problems?

A)cognitive-behavioral
B)cognitive
C)psychodynamic
D)interpersonal

Question 58

Social anxiety disorder is most similar to which personality disorder?

A)schizoid
B)dependent
C)antisocial
D)avoidant

Question 59

Schizotypal,but not schizoid,personality disorder involves

A)odd,eccentric beliefs and behaviors.
B)interpersonal problems and few friends.
C)flat affect and emotional indifference
D)social anxiety and fear of others.

Question 60

The personality disorders in the odd/eccentric cluster have been genetically linked to

A)bipolar disorder.
B)major depression.
C)schizophrenia.
D)dissociative identity disorder.

Question 61

Why do researchers know more about the etiology of Schizotypal Personality Disorder than Schizoid and Paranoid Personality Disorders?

Question 62

In __________ therapy,the therapist and the client work to identify the maladaptive assumptions (schemas)that a client holds about relationships from his or her early experiences.

A)assumption-based
B)summary-based
C)memory-based
D)schema-based

Question 63

Which personality disorder diagnosis has the lowest inter-rater reliability when using a structured interview?

A)Schizoid Personality Disorder
B)Schizotypal Personality Disorder
C)Avoidant Personality Disorder
D)Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Question 64

Psychotherapy for psychopathy

A)must be intensive to be effective.
B)is more beneficial for younger than older people.
C)must be examined for 'faking good' by those treated.
D)all of the above.

Question 65

The most challenging client for a therapist is one diagnosed with __________ personality disorder.

A)borderline
B)avoidant
C)schizotypal
D)obsessive-compulsive

Question 66

Those individuals with schizophrenia share several characteristics with those individuals diagnosed with

A)Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
B)Avoidant Personality Disorder.
C)Borderline Personality Disorder.
D)Dependent Personality Disorder.

Question 67

The three clusters of personality disorders are

A)Odd/Eccentric,Anxious/Fearful,and Dramatic/Erratic
B)Odd/Avoidant,Anxious/Fearful,and Dramatic/Attention-Seeking
C)Odd/Eccentric,Anxious/Withdrawn,and Dramatic/Erratic
D)Odd/Avoidant,Anxious/Fearful,and Attention-Seeking/Erratic

Question 68

__________ therapists try to alter the patient's present-day views of the childhood problems assumed to underlie the personality disorder.

A)Psychodynamic
B)Cognitive
C)Behavioral
D)Psycholinguistic

Question 69

When people with a diagnosable personality disorder seek treatment,it is usually not for their personality disorder.Rather it is for episodes of

A)depression.
B)anxiety.
C)substance abuse.
D)all of the above.

Question 70

This disorder is different from paranoid schizophrenia because other symptoms of schizophrenia,such as hallucinations,are not present and there is less impairment in social and occupational functioning.

A)Paranoid Personality Disorder
B)Schizotypal Personality Disorder
C)Borderline Personality Disorder
D)Schizoid Personality Disorder

Question 71

The prevalence of ____________ personality disorder is higher in Japan and India than in the United States.

A)Dependent
B)Histrionic
C)Obsessive-Compulsive
D)Avoidant

Question 72

According to a recent meta-analysis,psychological treatment of psychopathy can be successful if

A)conducted in a controlled setting.
B)the patient is older.
C)family members are involved.
D)it is intensive and long-term.

Question 73

Which personality disorder diagnosis has the lowest inter-rater reliability? Why might this be?

Question 74

Chayenne is overly dramatic.She speaks with exaggerations such as,"That was the most incredible movie I've ever seen",yet wouldn't be able to describe why she liked it.In addition,she is hyper-concerned about her appearance and dresses in provocative and unusual ways.Assuming she met the rest of the criteria,the most likely personality disorder diagnosis based on this description would be

A)Histrionic Personality Disorder
B)Borderline Personality Disorder
C)Narcissistic Personality Disorder
D)Anti-social Personality Disorder

Question 75

Which of these personality disorders is not included In Cluster B,the Dramatic/Erratic Personality Disorders?

A)Paranoid Personality Disorder
B)Histrionic Personality Disorder
C)Borderline Personality Disorder
D)Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Question 76

Which of these personality disorder clusters is correct?

A)Antisocial Personality Disorder,Borderline Personality Disorder,Histrionic Personality Disorder,Narcissistic Personality Disorder
B)Avoidant Personality Disorder,Self-Defeating Personality Disorder,Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder,Dependent Personality Disorder
C)Paranoid Personality Disorder,Schizoid Personality Disorder,Avoidant Personality Disorder,Schizotypal Personality Disorder
D)Antisocial Personality Disorder,Narcissistic Personality Disorder,Paranoid Personality Disorder

Question 77

The key feature of _______________ is overly dramatic and attention-seeking behavior.

A)Paranoid Personality Disorder
B)Schizoid Personality Disorder
C)Avoidant Personality Disorder
D)Histrionic Personality Disorder

Question 78

Carla has a difficult time maintaining friendships.She is generally suspicious of the motives of other people,often misinterpreting the behavior of her friends.Based on this information,the most likely personality disorder diagnosis for Carla would be

A)Paranoid Personality Disorder
B)Dependent Personality Disorder
C)Avoidant Personality Disorder
D)Histrionic Personality Disorder

Question 79

List the three clusters of Personality Disorders.

A)Odd/Eccentric,Anxious/Fearful,and Dramatic/Erratic.
B)Odd/Anxious,Eccentric/Fearful,and Dramatic/Erratic
C)Odd/Fearful,Dramatic/Anxious,Erratic/Eccentric
D)Dramatic/Anxious,Erratic/Eccentric,Odd/Fearful

Question 80

The clinical case of Joe,the man who lived alone and was referred to treatment by his general practitioner,describes the personality disorder of

A)Schizoid Personality Disorder
B)Narcissistic Personality Disorder
C)Avoidant Personality Disorder
D)Paranoid Personality Disorder