Deck 4: The Physical Properties of Water

Question 1

When water is evaporated from a surface exposed to air, the surface is warmed; when condensation of evaporated water occurs, the air is cooled.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The specific heat of water is less than that of copper.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When using sound to determine changes in average ocean temperature, the greater the distance the sound travels, the greater the accuracy of the measurements.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

________ is a measure of the total kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in a substance.

Question 5

Water transmits sound very well compared to other fluids and gases.

Question 6

Sound travels faster in water than in air.

Question 7

The arrangement of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule causes the water molecule to

A) orient in only one direction.
B) have a lattice arrangement in the gaseous state.
C) be polar.
D) slide past other water molecules.
E) lose heat rapidly.

Question 8

The viscosity of a liquid increases with increasing temperature.

Question 9

When water is under great pressure, the density of the water decreases due to a decrease in volume.

Question 10

Seawater is highly compressible.

Question 11

Repeated sound speed measurements over great distances are being used to measure possible changes in ocean water temperature.

Question 12

When seawater absorbs solar radiation, the absorbed energy results in an increase in the specific heat of the water molecules.

Question 13

A water molecule is composed of three different kinds of atoms.

Question 14

Calories are a unit of heat measurement.

Question 15

The longer wavelengths of solar radiation above the band of visible light commonly penetrate the sea to depths greater than 10m.

Question 16

A sound wave traveling at right angles to the ocean's surface will be refracted.

Question 17

A water molecule can bond with other water molecules by ________ bonds.

Question 18

The ________ of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in the substance.

Question 19

Water is the only substance that occurs on Earth naturally as a liquid, a solid, and a gas.

Question 20

When water evaporates at Earth surface temperatures, the water surface loses more heat than when it evaporates at 100 °C.

Question 21

If a sound pulse is sent vertically downward into the sea and its reflected echo from the seafloor returns 6 seconds later, the depth of the water is _______ meters. (The average speed of sound in seawater is 1500m/sec.)

A) 3000
B) 4500
C) 6000
D) 9000
E) 12,000

Question 22

A Secchi disk is used to measure the attenuation of

A) light.
B) sound.
C) density.
D) viscosity.
E) pressure.

Question 23

Light and sound are _______ by seawater.

A) refracted
B) scattered
C) absorbed
D) attenuated
E) All of these are correct.

Question 24

Extreme variation in the ocean's temperature is prevented by seawater's

A) density.
B) transparency.
C) viscosity.
D) specific heat.
E) compressibility.

Question 25

The pressure increase experienced by equipment lowered to a depth of 1000m is approximately

A) 10 atmospheres.
B) 100 atmospheres.
C) 1000 atmospheres.
D) 10,000 atmospheres.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 26

The maximum penetration of visible light in clear seawater is about ______ meters.

A) 100
B) 200
C) 300
D) 500
E) 1000

Question 27

Which processes cause surface seawater to increase in density?

A) Sea ice formation
B) Sea ice melting
C) Surface water evaporation
D) Sea ice formation and surface water evaporation
E) Sea ice melting and surface water evaporation

Question 28

The ______ wavelengths of light penetrate deepest into the ocean.

A) ultraviolet
B) infrared
C) red
D) blue
E) black

Question 29

Fresh water has its maximum density at

A) 0 °C.
B) 4 °C.
C) 32 °C.
D) 100 °C.
E) below freezing.

Question 30

The addition of salt to fresh water to form salt water

A) increases the density of the water.
B) depresses the boiling point and elevates the freezing point.
C) makes the temperature of maximum density increase.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 31

How many calories must be removed from 5g of pure water at 10 °C to convert the water to ice?

A) 20
B) 80
C) 450
D) 800
E) 1200

Question 32

About how many calories are required to convert 2g of ice at 0 °C to water vapor at 50 °C?

A) 160
B) 670
C) 1340
D) 1180
E) 2768

Question 33

Changes in water density in the oceans create

A) sound shadows.
B) light refraction.
C) the sofar channel.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 34

Water heated from below distributes the added heat by _____, whereas the still surface of water heated from above distributes the added heat by ______

A) diffusion; diffusion and conduction
B) diffusion; convection
C) convection; diffusion and conduction
D) conduction; convection
E) conduction; diffusion

Question 35

Which method best transmits heat through water?

A) Conduction
B) Radiation
C) Convection
D) All of these conduct heat equally well in water.
E) None of these conducts heat in water.

Question 36

The long red wavelengths of visible light are

A) reflected back from the surface.
B) transmitted to great depth.
C) responsible for the ocean's color.
D) absorbed in the first meter.
E) blocked by the atmosphere.

Question 37

Sea surface color observed by satellite instruments is affected by

A) seawater scattering the light.
B) seawater absorbing solar radiation.
C) the fluorescence of dissolved compounds.
D) All of these are correct.
E) seawater scattering the light and seawater absorbing solar radiation.

Question 38

Density of seawater increases as

A) temperature, salinity, and pressure decrease.
B) temperature, salinity, and pressure increase.
C) temperature increases and salinity and pressure decrease.
D) salinity and pressure increase and temperature decreases.
E) pressure increases and temperature and salinity decrease.

Question 39

Covalent bonds link a water molecule's

A) positively charged oxygen atom and negatively charged hydrogen atoms.
B) positively charged hydrogen atoms and negatively charged oxygen atom.
C) positively charged oxygen atom and positively charged hydrogen atoms.
D) negatively charged hydrogen atoms and negatively charged oxygen atom.
E) It does not bond atoms.

Question 40

Viscosity of ocean water increases primarily

A) as temperature increases.
B) as temperature decreases.
C) as salt content increases.
D) as salt content decreases.
E) due to changes in pressure.

Question 41

The polarity of water molecules is responsible for all of the following, EXCEPT

A) cohesion.
B) dissolving ability of water.
C) surface tension.
D) hydrogen bonding.
E) covalent bonding.

Question 42

The latent heat of vaporization is much greater than the latent heat of fusion.

Question 43

Above a salt content of 24.7 g/kg, as temperature decreases

A) the attenuation factor of light increases.
B) the attenuation factor of light decreases.
C) the depth of light penetration decreases.
D) the depth of light penetration remains constant.
E) the scattering of light in the water increases.

Question 44

Above a salt content of 24.7 g/kg, as temperature decreases

A) water density increases to the freezing point.
B) water density decreases to the freezing point.
C) the freezing temperature decreases as salt content increases.
D) water density increases to the freezing point and the freezing temperature decreases as salt content increases.
E) water density decreases to the freezing point and the freezing temperature decreases as salt content increases.

Question 45

The process of changing ice directly to water vapor is known as

A) sublimation.
B) evaporation.
C) condensation.
D) vaporization.
E) melting.

Question 46

If ocean water were incompressible, sea level would be _____ its present level.

A) lower than
B) higher than
C) equal to

Question 47

Which substance has the greatest density?

A) Warm fresh water
B) Cold fresh water
C) Ice
D) Warm salt water
E) Cold salt water

Question 48

Which of the following materials has the highest specific heat?

A) Water
B) Air
C) Continental crust
D) Oceanic crust
E) None of these are correct.

Question 49

The surface tension of pure water will increase

A) when salt is added.
B) if the temperature decreases.
C) if pressure is increased.
D) All of these are correct.
E) when salt is added and if the temperature decreases.

Question 50

Which of the following does NOT happen to water when salt is added?

A) Density decreases
B) Boiling point increases
C) Freezing point decreases
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 51

The transformation of ice directly to water vapor is known as sublimation.

Question 52

Which phase change reaction requires the most energy?

A) Melting
B) Freezing
C) Vaporization
D) Cooling
E) Each requires the same amount of energy.

Question 53

The sofar channel is centered where sound velocity

A) increases with depth.
B) decreases with depth.
C) is at its minimum.
D) is at its maximum.
E) None of these are correct.

Question 54

Pressure increases by about 1 atm for every 10 m of depth in the ocean.

Question 55

Seawater with a salt content of 35g/kg has a freezing point

A) above its temperature of maximum density.
B) at its temperature of maximum density.
C) below its temperature of maximum density.
D) at 0 °C.
E) None of these are correct; this water does not freeze.