Deck 5: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders

Question 1

What type of psychotherapist would tell a patient being treated for a cleaning compulsion to resist the urge to mop the bathroom floor for a week?

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) biological
D) behavioral

Answer 1

behavioral

Question 2

In which kind of study would a researcher determine how many and which relatives of a person with a disorder have the same disorder?

A) twin study
B) adoption study
C) family pedigree study
D) generational extraction study

Answer 2

family pedigree study

Question 3

Which psychological perspective believes that people develop their compulsions as a result of random coincidence?

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) sociocultural

Answer 3

behavioral

Question 4

Which phrase is NOT used by cognitive researchers to describe people who suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) a higher rate of depression
B) high standards of conduct and morality
C) lack of a sense of responsibility
D) a belief in perfect control over all of their thoughts and actions

Question 5

The cognitive perspective of panic disorder suggests that its sufferers:

A) are predisposed to paranoia.
B) may be overly sensitive to bodily sensation and misinterpret them.
C) are neurotic.
D) lack ego strength.

Question 6

What disorder may also develop along with panic disorder?

A) agoraphobia
B) mitral valve prolapse
C) headaches
D) heart disease

Question 7

Abnormal functioning in which areas of the brain has been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) hypothalamus and parietal lobe
B) occipital lobe and association cortex
C) orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei
D) cerebellum and brain stem

Question 8

To qualify for a DSM-5 diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, the excessive or ongoing anxiety or worry must last for at least:

A) six weeks.
B) three months.
C) three weeks.
D) six months.

Question 9

The most common theme of obsessive thoughts is:

A) violence.
B) orderliness.
C) dirt or contamination.
D) sexuality.

Question 10

This type of therapy tries to help clients suffering from anxiety by providing empathy and genuine acceptance.

A) self-instruction training
B) client-centered therapy
C) relaxation training
D) objects relations therapy

Question 11

The _____ perspective suggests that one way of acquiring a fear reaction that may turn into a phobia is through modeling-that is, through observation and imitation.

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) sociocultural

Question 12

What suggestion is shared by both the metacognitive theory and the avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder?

A) that the only reasonable solution to generalized anxiety disorder is the use of medication
B) that the defense mechanism of reaction formation is at play in this illness
C) that generalized anxiety disorder is a function of emotional abuse during childhood
D) that worrying serves some sort of "positive" function for the sufferer

Question 13

Women are _____ as likely as men to experience panic disorder.

A) two and one-half times
B) three times
C) one and one-half times
D) four times

Question 14

In which behavioral technique is the exposure vicarious?

A) modeling
B) desensitization
C) flooding
D) rational-emotive therapy

Question 15

Which qualifiers are used to describe a person's social anxiety disorder?

A) narrow or broad
B) acquired or lifelong
C) situational or generalized
D) specific or agoraphobic

Question 16

One study of persons with anxiety disorders found that _____ percent actually suffered from multiple disorders.

A) 3
B) 81
C) 24
D) 57

Question 17

A fear hierarchy is:

A) the result of therapeutic "flooding."
B) a social order based on bravery.
C) a rating scale for panic attacks.
D) a list of feared objects or situations.

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter system may be irregular in people suffering from panic disorder?

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) GABA
D) norepinephrine

Question 19

Which type of drugs has been most helpful in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) benzodiazepines
B) antidepressants that affect the serotonin system
C) antidepressants that affect the norepinephrine system
D) No drugs have proven effective to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 20

Obsessive-compulsive disorder usually begins by:

A) childhood.
B) early middle age.
C) young adulthood..
D) adolescence.

Question 21

The distress experienced by people with _____ is sometimes described as free-floating anxiety.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) neurotic anxiety
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) agoraphobia

Question 22

According to Sigmund Freud, children experience _____ when they are repeatedly prevented from expressing their id impulses.

A) realistic anxiety
B) neurotic anxiety
C) moral anxiety
D) situation anxiety

Question 23

What perspective maintains that generalized anxiety disorder develops as a result of exposure to threatening environments?

A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) behavioral
D) sociocultural

Question 24

According to psychodynamic theorists, what three defense mechanisms are involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) repression, suppression, and sublimation
B) depression, repression, and suppression
C) isolation, undoing, and reaction formation
D) reaction formation, acting out, and projection

Question 25

The most widely applied method of biofeedback for the treatment of anxiety disorders is the:

A) EKG.
B) EEG.
C) EMG.
D) ECT.

Question 26

Fear of venturing into public places is known as:

A) acrophobia.
B) agoraphobia.
C) ophidiophobia.
D) kenophobia.

Question 27

The idea that human beings are "prepared" to acquire some phobias and not others flows from a _____ perspective.

A) behavioral
B) biological
C) behavioral-evolutionary
D) cognitive

Question 28

Which disorder appears to have the same prevalence in women and in men?

A) specific phobia
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) social anxiety disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 29

Which is NOT a behavioral technique used in social skills training?

A) exposure
B) modeling
C) feedback
D) rehearsal

Question 30

In _____, researchers produce panic in subjects or clients by administering drugs or by instructing them to breathe, exercise, or simply think in certain ways.

A) physical exertion trials
B) randomized hyperbaric simulations
C) cardiopulmonary labor analysis
D) biological challenge tests

Question 31

According to humanistic theorists, people develop generalized anxiety disorder when:

A) their defense mechanisms break down.
B) they are discriminated against.
C) they repeatedly deny their true thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
D) they have learned to be anxious.

Question 32

_____ are a family of antianxiety drugs that includes diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax).

A) Beta blockers
B) Benzodiazepines
C) Sedatives
D) Barbiturates

Question 33

Which has DSM-5 NOT categorized as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?

A) somatic symptom disorder
B) excoriation disorder
C) body dysmorphic disorder
D) hoarding disorder

Question 34

According to the biological perspective, malfunctioning of which neurotransmitter system contributes to generalized anxiety disorder?

A) serotonin
B) acetylcholine
C) dopamine
D) GABA

Question 35

Whose technique of rational-emotive therapy involves practitioners pointing out clients' irrational assumptions and suggesting more appropriate assumptions?

A) Carl Rogers
B) Albert Ellis
C) Aaron Beck
D) Carl Jung

Question 36

What percentage of Americans suffer from an anxiety disorder each year?

A) 42 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 18 percent
D) 28 percent

Question 37

Which is NOT a type of anxiety disorder?

A) bipolar disorder
B) panic disorder
C) social anxiety disorder
D) phobias

Question 38

A treatment package called a stress-management program that is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder would NOT include:

A) cognitive techniques.
B) relaxation training.
C) antianxiety medication.
D) biofeedback.

Question 39

In _____, the therapist confronts the feared object or situation while the person suffering from the phobia observes.

A) modeling
B) social skills training
C) systematic desensitization
D) flooding

Question 40

Which is NOT a major behavioral approach to treating specific phobias?

A) systematic desensitization
B) flooding
C) generalization
D) modeling

Question 41

People with one anxiety disorder are MOST likely to:

A) experience another anxiety disorder, too.
B) experience only that one anxiety disorder.
C) experience another type of psychiatric disorder as well.
D) experience hallucinations.

Question 42

A person who is restless, keyed up, and on edge for no apparent reason is experiencing:

A) free-floating anxiety.
B) specific anxiety.
C) fearful anxiety.
D) obsessions.

Question 43

"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would MOST likely be offered by:

A) behaviorists.
B) cognitive theorists.
C) sociocultural theorists.
D) humanistic theorists.

Question 44

Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies have in common:

A) their understanding of how generalized anxiety develops and can be treated.
B) their lack of strong support from controlled studies.
C) their reliance on a rather harsh, confrontational therapeutic style.
D) their use of multidisciplinary therapists who work exclusively in group settings.

Question 45

Fear differs from anxiety in that:

A) fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general.
B) anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear.
C) anxiety is to an interpersonal threat and fear is to an inanimate threat.
D) anxiety is an immediate response; fear is more vague.

Question 46

How strong is the evidence supporting the usefulness of client-centered therapy for those with generalized anxiety disorder?

A) not very strong: case reports of client-centered therapy's usefulness are not strongly supported by controlled studies
B) not very strong: controlled studies of client-centered therapy's usefulness are not strongly supported by case reports
C) very strong in both case reports and controlled studies
D) very weak in both case reports and controlled studies

Question 47

If a person criticized everything he did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to his personal standards, he would be exhibiting what Rogers called:

A) empathy.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) conditions of worth.
D) moral anxiety.

Question 48

Generalized anxiety disorder is MORE common:

A) in African Americans than in white Americans.
B) in men than in women.
C) years after traumatic events, rather than immediately after those events.
D) in wealthy people than in poor people.

Question 49

The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are:

A) mood disorders.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) personality disorders.
D) sexual disorders.

Question 50

Which theory states that people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth?

A) Pavlov's conditioning theory
B) Freud's psychoanalytic theory
C) Rogers's client-centered theory
D) Ellis's rational-emotive theory

Question 51

Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety?

A) the behavioral approach
B) the humanistic approach
C) the sociocultural approach
D) the psychodynamic approach

Question 52

According to DSM-5, one must demonstrate which set of symptoms to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?

A) excessive worry for two months, edginess, sleep changes, distress
B) excessive worry for six months, edginess, sleep changes, distress
C) excessive worry for four months, edginess, sleep changes, distress
D) excessive worry for five months, edginess, sleep changes, distress

Question 53

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably represents the _____ perspective.

A) sociocultural
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic-existential
D) cognitive

Question 54

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:

A) the paradox that as poverty gets worse, generalized anxiety declines.
B) the relationship between race, poverty, and job opportunity.
C) why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety.
D) the differences in generalized anxiety in countries around the world.

Question 55

According to Freud, children who are prevented from expressing id impulses-making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals-are at risk for developing:

A) realistic anxiety.
B) neurotic anxiety.
C) moral anxiety.
D) existential anxiety.

Question 56

According to Freud, children who are punished or threatened for expressing their id impulses may develop:

A) realistic anxiety.
B) neurotic anxiety.
C) moral anxiety.
D) existential anxiety.

Question 57

"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, AIDS, and violent crime everywhere. It is difficult to get a good job unless you understand all that complicated computer junk." This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder.

A) behavioral
B) humanistic
C) sociocultural
D) psychodynamic

Question 58

Leila always feels threatened and anxious-imagining something awful is about to happen. She is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing:

A) a generalized anxiety disorder.
B) a hormonal imbalance.
C) no specific problem; she just likes to worry.
D) a specific fear response.

Question 59

According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when:

A) a person does not dream, and thus has no outlet for anxiety.
B) defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety.
C) a person never has a chance to experience trauma.
D) defense mechanisms are too strong.

Question 60

Which is an anxiety disorder?

A) schizophrenia
B) bipolar disorder
C) major depression
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 61

Cognitive therapists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:

A) maladaptive assumptions.
B) lack of empathy.
C) interpersonal loss.
D) overactive id impulses.

Question 62

The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is:

A) "Better safe than sorry."
B) "Life's a gamble; give it your best shot."
C) "When you reach the mountaintop, it's hard to come back down."
D) "Nothing ventured, nothing gained."

Question 63

The biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that:

A) relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives are.
B) distant relatives of those with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than close relatives are.
C) relatives share not only biological characteristics but also similar environments.
D) identical twins have more similar environments than fraternal twins.

Question 64

Until recently, the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came largely from:

A) drug studies.
B) clinical interviews.
C) family pedigree studies.
D) neurological studies.

Question 65

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy:

A) has not received much support in therapy applications.
B) has received support in therapy applications, but its usefulness is limited to treating generalized anxiety disorder.
C) has received support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder.
D) is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability.

Question 66

Which is the BEST description of the "avoidance theory" of generalized anxiety disorder?

A) Worrying serves to reduce bodily arousal.
B) Worry interferes with our ability to cope with life.
C) Worrying keeps the focus on emotions, not cognitions.
D) Worrying is an uncontrollable part of life.

Question 67

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of _____ at certain receptor sites in the brain.

A) GABA
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) serotonin

Question 68

If a person lives in a city, owns a home, and pays taxes, that person is LEAST likely to experience which event next year?

A) a house fire
B) an IRS audit
C) a violent crime
D) a cancer diagnosis

Question 69

The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called:

A) behavior modification.
B) rational-emotive therapy.
C) self-instruction training.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 70

According to "intolerance of uncertainty theory," those with generalized anxiety disorder are:

A) likely to have difficulty tolerating the knowledge that a negative event may occur.
B) likely to underestimate the chances that any positive event will occur.
C) only able to tolerate uncertainty in mildly threatening events.
D) only able to tolerate uncertainty in severely threatening events.

Question 71

"Your worries? They're only thoughts. Don't try to stop them, but recognize that they're thoughts, and don't let them upset you so much." This statement MOST likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?

A) rational-emotive therapy
B) mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
C) intolerance of uncertainty therapy
D) biofeedback

Question 72

Maura believes that it is a dire necessity for her to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way she wants them. She is displaying basic:

A) existential anxiety.
B) irrational assumptions.
C) moral anxiety.
D) conditions of worth.

Question 73

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent and adequate and achieve in all possible aspects is displaying:

A) meta-worry.
B) irrational assumptions.
C) compulsion.
D) conditions of worth.

Question 74

A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:

A) meta-worry.
B) irrational assumptions.
C) compulsion.
D) conditions of worth.

Question 75

If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge his faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:

A) cognitive-existential therapy.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) rational-emotive therapy.
D) interpersonal-physiotherapy.

Question 76

In terms of cognitive theories explaining generalized anxiety disorder, a good deal of research supports:

A) only metacognitive theory.
B) only intolerance of uncertainty theory.
C) neither metacognitive theory nor intolerance of uncertainty theory.
D) both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory.

Question 77

Which statement is MOST accurate?

A) Anxiety is related to low levels of GABA.
B) Long-term anxiety causes poor GABA reception.
C) High GABA reception causes long-term anxiety.
D) Neurotransmitter deficiencies cause long-term anxiety and poor GABA reception.

Question 78

Teaching people to accept their worries and live in the present moment-mindfulness therapy-is MOST consistent with which theoretical approach?

A) psychodynamic
B) biological
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Question 79

Which is an example of a meta-worry?

A) worry about all possible signs of danger
B) worry about not worrying enough
C) thinking about worrying
D) worrying about worrying

Question 80

Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:

A) respond more fearfully to predictable than to unpredictable events.
B) fail to pay attention to threatening cues.
C) are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress.
D) show little physiological arousal to stress.