Deck 10: Work and Retirement

Question 1

According to the Berlin Aging Study, the activity that took up the most minutes of the day for older men and women was:

A) television.
B) reading.
C) personal care.
D) instrumental activities of daily living-housework or paying bills.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which type of retirement occurs when husbands and wives retire at the same time?

A) sequential retirement
B) dual retirement
C) joint retirement
D) bridge retirement

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The increase in work among older men can be attributed in part to which of the following?

A) changes in Social Security regulations
B) the rise in the standard of living among men
C) the need for men to "prove themselves" in the workplace
D) a rise in the demand for more experienced workers in the labor force

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____ are most likely to be in the labor force in their early 60s.

A) Black women
B) Hispanic women
C) White women
D) Asian women

Question 5

Which one of the following is NOT consistently associated with happiness in retirement?

A) being married
B) adequate income
C) good health
D) continuing to work part-time

Question 6

Which of the following groups has the lowest rate of labor force participation?

A) Hispanic men
B) Asian men
C) white men
D) black men

Question 7

Retirement is not only a process but also a change in:

A) status.
B) income.
C) health.
D) daily activities.

Question 8

All of the following are characteristics of women who continue to work after their spouses have retired except which one?

A) They live in smaller households.
B) They have children younger than age 21.
C) They have husbands with health problems.
D) They live in larger households.

Question 9

In the context of trends in labor force participation, labor force participation rates for:

A) men age 60 to 74 have increased since 1990.
B) men age 45 to 54 have tripled since 2010.
C) married women aged 35 to 45 have declined rapidly since 1960.
D) single women have always been low.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between older people and employment?

A) When older people lose their jobs, they take less time than other workers to find a new job.
B) Older people are less likely to do bridge jobs than people between 35 and 45 years of age.
C) Older people are much less likely than younger people to be unemployed.
D) Full-time work has reduced drastically among older people since the early 1990s.

Question 11

People who have worked at routine and unchallenged jobs all their lives are _____ to retire.

A) reluctant
B) hesitant
C) eager
D) excited

Question 12

The most commonly used measure of religiosity is:

A) faith.
B) church attendance.
C) prayer.
D) spirituality.

Question 13

Identify an accurate statement about part-time employment.

A) It is highest among older workers.
B) It is defined as working between 35 and 45 hours per week.
C) It is rare among people who are below 24 years of age.
D) It is rare among people who do bridge jobs.

Question 14

Half of the volunteer work completed by older adults is for:

A) churches or church-related organizations.
B) nursing homes.
C) fundraising.
D) tutoring others.

Question 15

Identify a true statement about defined benefit (DB) plans.

A) They impose stiff financial penalties on workers who fail to retire "on time."
B) In DB plans, a worker's pension increases with additional years.
C) In DB plans, workers get the highest tax advantages compared with other pension plans.
D) They are the most popular kind of pension plan for older people.

Question 16

In which socioeconomic class is sequential retirement likely to be common?

A) higher socioeconomic status
B) middle socioeconomic status
C) upper socioeconomic status
D) lower socioeconomic status

Question 17

The most negative transition to retirement is experienced by:

A) unmarried people.
B) poor people.
C) involuntary retirees.
D) unhealthy people.

Question 18

A process in which workers can scale back their work responsibilities in order to ease into full retirement is termed:

A) bridge jobs.
B) contingent work.
C) consultant work.
D) phased retirement.

Question 19

There are several barriers to participating in leisure-time pursuits among the elderly. Which of the following is NOT one of these barriers?

A) educational level
B) inadequate economic resources
C) poor health
D) lack of transportation

Question 20

Retirement currently is a:

A) single event.
B) multiple process.
C) dynamic process.
D) static process.

Question 21

At all ages, men have more intermittent patterns of labor force participation than women.

Question 22

Improvements in Social Security, especially the cost of living adjustments, have encouraged older workers to retire.

Question 23

Few employers pay retiree health benefits.

Question 24

Joint retirement is more common among couples who shared both work and family roles early in their marriage.

Question 25

There are numerous factors related to religious involvement and well-being. Which of the following is NOT related to the impact of religion on adaptation to aging?

A) It can improve one's employment prospects.
B) It can increase one's self-esteem.
C) It can enhance life satisfaction.
D) It can reduce symptoms of depression.

Question 26

Leisure activities are engaged in least by those in poor health.

Question 27

A major advantage of Medicare is that its coverage begins when a worker attains 55 years of age.

Question 28

Despite shrinking social circles, most older people maintain a sense of connectedness through neighbors, volunteering, and religious services.

Question 29

Discuss some advantages and disadvantages of bridge jobs.

Question 30

Under the defined benefit plan, there is no advantage in continuing to work beyond retirement age.

Question 31

Research has indicated that volunteering has a positive effect on one's health. Discuss whether unhealthy people should be required to volunteer to improve their health conditions.

Question 32

Older African Americans may receive instrumental as well as _____ support from their church affiliation.

A) emotional
B) daily
C) health
D) normative

Question 33

Which of the following factors does NOT affect labor force withdrawal?

A) job satisfaction
B) Social Security benefits
C) pension type
D) Disability Insurance

Question 34

An obstacle facing women in middle age who have reentered the labor force is the lack of health and pension benefits.

Question 35

The Berlin Aging Study found that German older people are likely to spend 80 percent of their time volunteering in organizations.

Question 36

Men tend to be more involved than women in religious organizations.

Question 37

In Europe there has been no decline in the labor force participation of older men since the 1980s.

Question 38

What are some reasons for the high participation rates of older African Americans in religious activities?

Question 39

What are some factors that are related to retirement as an individual decision?

Question 40

On average, white men retire sooner than African American men because of poor health.