Deck 4: Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

Question 1

The doctor told Rosa at her last prenatal visit that her baby now weighs over 9 pounds.When will the fetus stop growing?

A)About 1 month before birth
B)About 2 weeks before birth
C)About 1 week before birth
D)None of these;the fetus keeps growing until birth.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The molecules that are "switched on" after fertilization and begin sculpting arms,fingers,vertabrae,ribs,a brain,and other body parts are called

A)teratogens.
B)hydrogens.
C)cephalocods.
D)morphogens.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A fertilized ovum is also called a(n)

A)embryo.
B)zygote.
C)fetus.
D)morphogen.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When Dr.Keane checks prenatal development with a sonogram at the end of the second month of gestation,the embryo is less than one inch long and has the shape of a

A)disk.
B)cylinder.
C)slightly irregular ball.
D)miniature baby.

Question 5

Which of the following cell groups becomes the outer layer of skin,hair,nails,sensory organs,and nervous system?

A)Ectoderm
B)Endoderm
C)Mesoderm
D)Epiderm

Question 6

In which stage of prenatal development does the fertilized ovum become implanted in the wall of the uterus?

A)Germinal
B)Seminal
C)Fetal
D)Embryonic

Question 7

The fertilized ovum divides and implants in the wall of the uterus during which stage of gestation?

A)Fetal
B)Embryonic
C)Germinal
D)Terminal

Question 8

The correct order for the three prenatal stages is

A)fetal,embryonic,and germinal.
B)embryonic,fetal,and germinal.
C)germinal,fetal,and embryonic.
D)germinal,embryonic,and fetal.

Question 9

An 8-month-old fetus is _____ inches long and weighs approximately _____ pounds.

A)14-16;2-4
B)15-17;3-6
C)18-20;5-7
D)21-23;8-9

Question 10

The portion of the blastocyst from which the baby develops is called the

A)embryonic disk.
B)trophoblast.
C)placenta.
D)ectoderm.

Question 11

The zygote begins rapid cell division and forms into a blastocyst during the __________ stage.

A)germinal
B)embryonic
C)fetal
D)zygotic

Question 12

At the end of the first month of gestation,

A)blood is flowing through very small veins and arteries in the embryo.
B)the facial parts of the embryo have fully developed.
C)the mother can feel the baby's movements.
D)the embryo looks like a small-scale baby.

Question 13

The ______ principle explains why an embryo's head,brain,and eyes develop earliest and are disproportionately large until the other parts catch up.

A)proximodistal
B)cephalocaudal
C)prenatal
D)gestational

Question 14

Dr.McGuire is studying the cells in the blastocyst that eventually become the brain and the spinal cord.Where are these cells located?

A)Mesoderm
B)Ectoderm
C)Endoderm
D)Neuroderm

Question 15

The fluid-filled sphere that floats freely in the uterus for a day or two and then implants itself into the wall of the uterus is called the

A)embryo.
B)blastocyst.
C)chorion.
D)fetus.

Question 16

Laurence and Kristina,pregnant with their first child,have read about their baby's development and learned that their baby will grow more rapidly during the _____ than at any other time.

A)first month after conception
B)second trimester
C)third trimester
D)last week of pregnancy

Question 17

The portion of the embryonic disk that eventually becomes the digestive system and the respiratory system is the

A)ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)trophoblast.

Question 18

The human gestational period is approximately _______ weeks in length.

A)33
B)35
C)38
D)44

Question 19

The doctor told Ellie and Tom to compute the gestational age of their fetus by determining the time of

A)implantation.
B)quickening.
C)conception.
D)gestation.

Question 20

A pregnant woman feels the movement known as quickening at about the _____ month.

A)first
B)second
C)fourth
D)ninth

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta?

A)It encases the baby with a fluid-filled membrane.
B)It removes body wastes from the baby.
C)It fights infections.
D)It produces hormones that stimulate lactation.

Question 22

Tehra's obstetrician is using a medical procedure that employs high-frequency sound waves to detect the outline of the fetus and to observe its movements.This is called

A)amniocentesis.
B)chorionic villus sampling.
C)an ultrasound.
D)karyotyping.

Question 23

Which prenatal stage of development lasts the longest?

A)Germinal stage
B)Fetal stage
C)Embryonic stage
D)Each stage lasts for the same amount of time-one trimester.

Question 24

Luanne's doctor told her that her baby's major body systems and organs were rapidly developing.Luanne's baby is in the __________ stage of development.

A)fetal
B)embryonic
C)germinal
D)terminal

Question 25

An unborn baby is often most vulnerable to prenatal environmental influences before a woman even realizes that she is pregnant.This vulnerability occurs during the __________ stage.

A)fetal
B)embryonic
C)germinal
D)terminal

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the organs that develops to nurture and protect the unborn child?

A)Amniotic sac
B)Embryonic disk
C)Umbilical cord
D)Placenta

Question 27

Christie's baby is in the third and final stage of gestation.The major characteristic of this fetal stage of development is the:

A)formation of the systems of the body.
B)implantation of the organism in the uterine wall.
C)growth and refinement of the organism's structures.
D)differentiation of the ectoderm,endoderm,and mesoderm.

Question 28

Melissa has had two miscarriages and is understandably anxious about her third pregnancy.She realizes that a miscarriage,or spontaneous abortion,is most likely to occur in which trimester of the pregnancy?

A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)There is equal risk throughout all three trimesters.

Question 29

One difference between the sexes during pregnancy is that

A)more males are conceived than females.
B)males develop more rapidly than females.
C)females are more likely to have birth defects than males.
D)female fetuses are more likely to be spontaneously aborted than male fetuses.

Question 30

Miscarriages are most commonly caused by

A)sudden movements or jolts.
B)fear.
C)stress.
D)chromosomal abnormalities.

Question 31

The fetal stage of development is reached _____ after conception.

A)1 week
B)2 weeks
C)8 weeks
D)6 months

Question 32

At which stage of gestation is exposure of the fetus to alcohol the most damaging?

A)Embryonic
B)Germinal
C)Fetal
D)Terminal

Question 33

"Mourning a Miscarriage or Stillbirth" suggests which of the following?

A)The way in which these situations are handled is culturally constructed.
B)It is best not to talk about the incident.
C)Typically,men and women grieve similarly following a miscarriage.
D)None of the above is true.

Question 34

Which of the following statements regarding the fetal stage of development is FALSE?

A)Fetuses may kick and suck their thumbs.
B)A fetus grows about 20 times larger during this period.
C)Boys develop more rapidly than girls during this stage.
D)Learning and remembering are possible during this stage.

Question 35

Which of the following is true of spontaneous abortions and stillbirth?

A)Males are less likely than females to be affected.
B)Males are more likely than females to be affected.
C)No difference exists between the rates of spontaneous abortion or stillbirth in males and females.
D)The Y chromosome appears to carry protection against spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.

Question 36

The fluid-filled sac surrounding the developing human organism is called the

A)placenta.
B)amniotic sac.
C)trophoblast.
D)blastocyst.

Question 37

Which of the following statements regarding the early development of the human embryo is FALSE?

A)Four to five days after fertilization,an inner cell mass begins to form.
B)After six to seven days,the blastocyst begins to attach to the uterine wall.
C)After eleven to twelve days,the blastocyst is joined to the uterine wall.
D)The embryonic stage begins at six to seven days after fertilization.

Question 38

The second stage of pregnancy occurs between 2 to 8 weeks after conception.During this stage,we refer to the organism as a(n)

A)blastocyst.
B)embryo.
C)fetus.
D)zygote.

Question 39

Of the following,which is LEAST likely to be a cause of spontaneous abortion?

A)Defective ovum or sperm
B)Implantation of ovum in an unfavorable location
C)Abnormal development of the umbilical cord
D)A frightening event experienced by the mother

Question 40

The appearance of _____ results in the transition from the embryonic to the fetal stage of prenatal development.

A)toenails
B)bone
C)eyelids
D)fingernails

Question 41

A woman who becomes obese during pregnancy runs the risk of all the following pregnancy complications EXCEPT

A)miscarriage.
B)stillbirth.
C)neonatal death.
D)spina bifida.

Question 42

Children of mothers who smoked during their pregnancies are at a higher-than-normal risk for all of the following EXCEPT

A)hyperactivity.
B)face and limb malformations.
C)social maladjustment.
D)sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 43

Carl and Eleanor have been going for a morning run for the past three years.They are concerned about whether or not they can continue now that Eleanor is pregnant.Which of the following statements best describes the appropriate level of exercise for pregnant women?

A)Pregnant women should exercise strenuously to promote circulation.
B)Pregnant women need not take any precautions in exercising.
C)Pregnant women should reduce their exercise during the second trimester.
D)Pregnant women should exercise moderately throughout their pregnancy.

Question 44

Which of the following behaviors has led researchers to conclude that fetuses develop preferences for the kinds of sounds they hear while in the womb?

A)Newborns prefer male voices to females voices.
B)Newborns prefer female voices to male voices.
C)Newborns usually turn their head toward the sound of their mother's voice.
D)Fetuses blink in response to sound.

Question 45

In a healthy pregnancy,how many extra calories should a woman consume each day?

A)50-200
B)300-500
C)700-900
D)over 1,000

Question 46

Suppose you are a health care worker who is examining a child with the following symptoms: facial and bodily malformations,short attention span,hyperactivity,and motor impairments.Which drug would you suspect that the child's mother used during pregnancy?

A)Cocaine
B)Marijuana
C)Heroin
D)Alcohol

Question 47

Environmental factors that may produce birth defects are called

A)blastocysts.
B)allergens.
C)teratogens.
D)toxinogens.

Question 48

Drugs known to be potentially harmful when taken during pregnancy include

A)synthetic estrogen.
B)ibuprofen.
C)Accutane,an acne medicine.
D)all of the above.

Question 49

Doctors have found that increasing a woman's folic acid consumption by just 5 milligrams each day reduces the incidence of __________ by 85 percent.

A)cleft palate
B)cerebral palsy
C)Down syndrome
D)neural tube defects

Question 50

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is associated with

A)neural tube defects.
B)fetal alcohol syndrome.
C)Down syndrome.
D)all of the above.

Question 51

Research on fetal hearing indicates that fetuses

A)cannot feel vibrations.
B)can feel vibrations but cannot hear.
C)can hear but cannot distinguish between different tones.
D)can differentiate between different tones.

Question 52

How much alcohol can a pregnant woman safely consume?

A)1 drink a day
B)2 drinks a day
C)1 or 2 glasses of wine a day,but no "hard liquor"
D)None of these;there is no known "safe" level of drinking during pregnancy.

Question 53

Which of the following statements regarding the fetal period of development is FALSE?

A)Boys tend to be more active than girls.
B)Boys move less vigorously than girls.
C)Heart rates vary in regularity and speed.
D)Fetuses who are more active during this period also tend to be more active after they are born.

Question 54

Priscilla,a former ballet dancer and stringent dieter,was warned that maternal malnourishment during pregnancy is related to all of the following EXCEPT

A)miscarriage.
B)length of gestation.
C)stillbirth.
D)low birth weight.

Question 55

Insufficient intake of folic acid during pregnancy increases the risk of having a baby with

A)autism.
B)leukemia.
C)spina bifida.
D)sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 56

Which of the following statements about prenatal nourishment is FALSE?

A)Proper nutrition during pregnancy is the most effective way to ensure healthy prenatal development.
B)Giving malnourished mothers dietary supplements during pregnancy can increase their babies' alertness.
C)Damage due to maternal malnutrition during pregnancy is irreversible.
D)The effects of maternal malnutrition may be aggravated by a deprived family environment.

Question 57

Which of the following statements regarding fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)is FALSE?

A)About 1 infant in 100 suffers from FAS or other alcohol-related conditions.
B)Hyperactivity is a common symptom in FAS children.
C)Facial malformations often occur with FAS.
D)An enriched environment can dramatically improve cognitive function in FAS children.

Question 58

Mothers who drink alcohol should be made aware that fetal alcohol syndrome

A)affects about 5 infants in 1,000 born in the United States.
B)is a leading cause of mental retardation and birth defects.
C)can cause cognitive disorders that subsequent environmental enrichment does not seem to improve.
D)all of these.

Question 59

Which of the following statements regarding physical activity during pregnancy is FALSE?

A)Moderate exercise may make delivery easier.
B)Moderate exercise may prevent constipation.
C)Long working hours and excessive fatigue increase the risk of premature birth.
D)Exercising to the point of exhaustion may produce permanent heart damage in the fetus.

Question 60

Women who gain less than 15 pounds during pregnancy are

A)more likely to have healthy babies.
B)less likely to have late miscarriages.
C)less likely to have complications.
D)more likely to have low-birth-weight babies.

Question 61

In the United States,which of the following pregnant women is likely to get the least amount of prenatal care?

A)Angela,an unmarried teenager
B)Bea,a married woman
C)Delia,who has a college education
D)Sandra,who just turned 45 years of age

Question 62

An example of a history-graded influence is the current increase in the age at which women become pregnant.This in turn increases the likelihood that these women will have

A)inadequate prenatal care.
B)miscarriages.
C)low blood pressure during pregnancy.
D)postmature infants.

Question 63

Which of the following disorders may be linked to advanced paternal age?

A)Asthma
B)Hemophilia
C)Obsessive compulsive disorder
D)Schizophrenia

Question 64

Maternal stress and/or anxiety during pregnancy

A)is normal at low levels.
B)elevates the risk of intellectual disability.
C)increases fetal activity.
D)elevates the risk of cleft palate and heart malformations.

Question 65

If a mother wants to have a clear image of the fetus in her womb,which procedure would you recommend?

A)Amniocentesis
B)Ultrasound
C)Fetal biopsy
D)Chorionic villus sampling

Question 66

Studies suggest that the likelihood of genetic defects caused by abnormal sperm increases when the father is _____ before conception.

A)malnourished
B)under great stress
C)overweight
D)exposed to environmental hazards

Question 67

Pregnant women over age 40 and pregnant adolescents are at increased risk for having

A)offspring with chromosomal abnormalities.
B)inadequate prenatal care.
C)babies weighing more than 8 pounds.
D)fraternal twins.

Question 68

Toxoplasmosis is

A)a parasite harbored in livestock.
B)a cause of fetal brain damage.
C)a cause of death in babies.
D)all of the above.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT an intrusive technique for detecting birth defects?

A)Ultrasound
B)Amniocentesis
C)Umbilical cord assessment
D)Chorionic villus sampling

Question 70

Research shows that the use of marijuana during pregnancy

A)produces no detectable birth defects.
B)is more harmful to a fetus than alcohol.
C)may produce neurological disturbances.
D)causes severe withdrawal in newborns.

Question 71

Which of the following statements about the father's role in transmitting birth defects is correct?

A)So far,little research has been conducted on the father's contribution.
B)According to research,the father's role is virtually nonexistent;birth defects are almost always transmitted by the mother.
C)Young age of the father is associated with certain rare conditions such as dwarfism and Marfan's syndrome,and it may be a factor in Down syndrome.
D)Advanced age of the father at conception may be associated with fetal defects.

Question 72

Research has linked the use of marijuana during pregnancy with

A)premature births.
B)neurological disturbances in the infant.
C)leukemia.
D)all of the above.

Question 73

Because of the rapid weight gain experienced by Marilyn early in her pregnancy,the doctor ordered a(n)_____ to see if she was having twins.

A)chorionic villus sampling
B)maternal blood test
C)ultrasound
D)amniocentesis

Question 74

Doctors warn that smoking during pregnancy contributes to which of the following?

A)Miscarriage
B)Sudden infant death syndrome
C)Low birth weight
D)All of these are possible outcomes.

Question 75

Prenatal exposure to radiation is most dangerous during

A)fertilization.
B)the germinal stage.
C)3 to 6 weeks of gestation.
D)8 to 15 weeks of gestation.

Question 76

Which of the following may be associated with caffeine consumption during pregnancy?

A)Leukemia
B)Sudden infant death syndrome
C)Hyperactivity
D)Obesity

Question 77

Rubella has the potential of damaging an unborn child during which period of pregnancy?

A)First 11 weeks
B)13 to 16 weeks
C)18 to 22 weeks
D)After 24 weeks

Question 78

Jane is 8 weeks pregnant and has just contracted rubella.If you were Jane's obstetrician,what information would you give her regarding the health of her unborn baby?

A)The child will almost certainly be deaf.
B)The child has a 1 in 3 chance of being born with Down syndrome.
C)The child will likely be hyperactive.
D)No serious effects will occur.

Question 79

Marcella,pregnant with her first child,works in a manufacturing plant that produces semiconductor chips.As a consequence of Marcella's exposure to heavy metals,

A)her baby is more likely to have an Rh-factor incompatibility.
B)her baby may have below average intelligence.
C)she is more likely to have twins.
D)she is at-risk for developing hypertension during pregnancy.

Question 80

Children born to women who smoke during pregnancy tend to show

A)retardation of growth.
B)social maladjustment.
C)learning problems in school.
D)all of the above.