Question 1

A graphic or symbolic representation of a phenomenon not directly observable, which allows the reader to visualize key constructs and their interrelationships, is called what?&#10;A) A concept&#10;B) A conceptual definition&#10;C) An operational definition&#10;D) A model

Accepted Answer

A model is a graphic or symbolic representation of a phenomenon not directly observable that allows the reader to visualize key constructs and their interrelationships. Models can take many different forms, including diagrams, flowcharts, mathematical equations, and computer simulations. They are used in a wide range of fields, including science, engineering, economics, and social sciences, to help researchers and practitioners understand complex systems and phenomena. By representing a phenomenon in a simplified and abstract form, a model can help to identify key variables and their relationships, and to generate predictions and testable hypotheses.

Question 2

Pender's health promotion model is an example of what type of theory?&#10;A) Grand nursing theory&#10;B) Middle-range nursing theory&#10;C) Situation-specific nursing theory&#10;D) Another discipline's theory applied to nursing

Accepted Answer

Pender's health promotion model is a middle-range nursing theory, which means it is more specific and focused than a grand nursing theory but more general and abstract than a situation-specific nursing theory. Middle-range nursing theories like Pender's are often developed to address a particular phenomenon or issue within nursing practice, such as health promotion, and they provide a framework for research, practice, and education. In contrast, grand nursing theories attempt to explain the entire nursing discipline and its role in the healthcare system, while situation-specific nursing theories are developed to address a specific patient or clinical situation. Pender's health promotion model emphasizes the importance of individual characteristics and experiences in promoting health and preventing illness, and it has been widely applied in nursing practice and research.

Question 3

Situation-specific nursing theories are becoming more popular in nursing research for which of these reasons?&#10;A) Increased emphasis on evidence-based practice&#10;B) Increased need for broad and generalizable models to explain phenomena&#10;C) Decreased resources for funding of grand theory development&#10;D) Decreased use of theories borrowed from other disciplines

Accepted Answer

Situation-specific nursing theories, also known as middle-range theories, are becoming more popular in nursing research due to the increased emphasis on evidence-based practice. These theories provide a practical framework for addressing specific nursing problems or situations and can be developed and tested using empirical research methods. They are particularly useful in guiding clinical practice and improving patient outcomes, as they are often more specific and applicable to real-world situations than broad, abstract grand theories. Additionally, situation-specific theories can be developed more efficiently and with fewer resources than grand theories, making them an attractive option for researchers and clinicians alike. Overall, the focus on evidence-based practice and practical solutions to nursing problems has contributed to the rise in popularity of situation-specific nursing theories in recent years.

Question 4

How is a model related to a concept or concepts?&#10;A) A model tests conceptual theories.&#10;B) A concept defines the purpose of a model.&#10;C) Relationships between or among concepts are demonstrated in a model.&#10;D) Concepts generate the theoretical basis for knowledge depicted in a model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is a model related to a...

Question 5

In which way are theory and practice interrelated for the hospital-based nurse researcher?&#10;A) Practice is the operational definition of theory.&#10;B) Practice provides the opportunity to test theory.&#10;C) Theory provides the evidence on which practice is based.&#10;D) Theory generates questions that are used to refine practice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which way are theory and practice...

Question 6

When critiquing a research study's theoretical framework, the nurse should keep in mind which information? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Theoretical frameworks guide hypothesis formulation in qualitative and quantitative research studies.&#10;B) Theoretical frameworks can be implicitly or explicitly stated in a research report.&#10;C) A theoretical framework of a nursing research study must be based on nursing theories or models.&#10;D) A theoretical framework may not be identified in all types of nursing research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When critiquing a research study's theoretical framework,...

Question 7

When reading a report of results of a nursing research study, the nurse notices that the theoretical framework is drawn from a discipline other than nursing. When critiquing the theoretical framework, the nurse should determine the answer to which of these questions?

A) Does the research have implications across disciplines?
B) Is the researcher a recognized leader in the discipline of nursing?
C) Does the author have special expertise or education in the discipline from which the theoretical framework is derived?
D) Has the author clearly indicated the meaning of the theoretical framework to the study and linked it to nursing?

Accepted Answer

When critiquing the theoretical framework of a nursing research study that is drawn from a discipline other than nursing, the nurse should determine if the author has clearly indicated the meaning of the theoretical framework to the study and linked it to nursing. This is because a theoretical framework from a different discipline may not be directly applicable to nursing, so it is important to ensure that the author has explained the relevance of the framework to the nursing context. Options A, B, and C may be important considerations, but they are not the best choice for this specific scenario as they do not directly address the issue of the theoretical framework's relevance to nursing.

Question 8

Which nursing theory is classified as a Grand Nursing Theory?&#10;A) Polk's Theory of Resilience&#10;B) Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory&#10;C) Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory&#10;D) Im's Theory of Caucasians' Cancer Pain Experience

Accepted Answer

Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory is classified as a Grand Nursing Theory because it provides a comprehensive framework for nursing practice, research, and education, focusing on the patient's self-care capacities and the nursing interventions required to meet self-care needs.

Question 9

Which research report title suggests that theory was generated as the outcome of the study, rather than being used as the framework for the study?&#10;A) Women's experiences of undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (Banner, D., et al., 2011)&#10;B) Couple functioning and post-traumatic stress symptoms in U.S. army couples: The role of resilience (Melvin, K.C., et al., 2011)&#10;C) A randomized, clinical trial of education or motivational-interviewing-based coaching compared to usual care to improve cancer pain management (Thomas, M.L., et al., 2012)&#10;D) A predictive and moderating model of psychosocial resilience in adolescents (Tusaie, K., et al., 2007)

Accepted Answer

The title "Women's experiences of undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery" suggests a qualitative approach focused on exploring and understanding the participants' experiences without a predefined theoretical framework, indicating that theory could be generated as a result of the study.

Question 10

Which research report title suggests that theory was used as the framework for the study, rather than being generated as the outcome of the study?&#10;A) The experiences of nurse practitioners providing health care to the homeless (Seilor, A.J. & Moss, V.A., 2012)&#10;B) A transformative decision-making process for mammography screening among rural, low-income women (Purtzer, M.S., 2012)&#10;C) A randomized, clinical trial of education or motivational-interviewing-based coaching compared to usual care to improve cancer pain management (Thomas, M.L., et al., 2012)&#10;D) Older adults' perceptions of feeling safe in an intensive care unit (Lasiter, S., 2011)

Accepted Answer

Choice C suggests a structured approach to research, indicating the use of existing theories or frameworks (education or motivational-interviewing-based coaching) to guide the study's methodology and compare it to usual care, rather than generating a new theory from the study's findings.

Question 11

Which statement is an operational definition of a concept?&#10;A) Death anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling on contemplation of one's own death, measured by Templar's Death Anxiety Scale (Templar, 1986).&#10;B) Pain is a pattern of responses to protect the organism from harm (Sternbach, 1979).&#10;C) Maternal identity entails maternal cognitions and affect with regard to the maternal-infant relational system (Walker and Montgomery, 1994).&#10;D) Spirituality is a way of being or experiencing that comes about through an awareness of a transcendent dimension and one's identifiable values with regard to self, other, nature, and whatever one considers to be ultimate (Elkins, 1988).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is an operational definition of...

Question 12

Which phrase correctly defines a theory?&#10;A) The operational definition of the study's conceptual framework&#10;B) The assumptions and beliefs of the worldview of the researcher&#10;C) A set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon&#10;D) A researcher's best guess of the direction of the relationship between variables

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which phrase correctly defines a theory?&#10;A) The...

Deck 4: Theoretical Frameworks for Research