Deck 16: Psychological Treatment

Question 1

Research shows that ___ percent of people who enter psychotherapy show some improvement

A)75
B)70
C)65
D)50

Answer 1

75

Question 2

Sandra sees Dr.Miller once a week for her inability to focus upon the successful aspects of herself and her career.This week,Sandra became quite emotional and told Dr.Miller that she could not believe how she ever made anything out of herself given her perceived lack of intelligence.Most negative thoughts like this come during highly distressed states during this type of therapy

A)RABT
B)client-centered therapy
C)REBT
D)cognitive therapy

Answer 2

cognitive therapy

Question 3

If two different people were in therapy,one seeing a traditional psychoanalyst and one seeing a more contemporary psychodynamic therapist,you would

A)be able to decipher who saw which kind of therapist from their descriptions of the clinicians.
B)have difficulty deciphering who saw which kind of therapist from their descriptions of the clinicians.
C)see a greater focus on childhood from the contemporary psychodynamic therapist.
D)find the traditional psychoanalyst to be more emotionally invested than the contemporary psychodynamic therapist.

Answer 3

have difficulty deciphering who saw which kind of therapist from their descriptions of the clinicians.

Question 4

About _____ of marriages in the United States end in divorce,and most of these divorces happen within the first ___ years of marriage.

A)50%;7
B)25%;3
C)75%;15
D)5%;2

Question 5

Psychodynamic psychotherapy primarily focuses on

A)presenting symptoms.
B)unconscious motivations in the development of symptoms.
C)cognitive biases associated with neuroticism.
D)None of the above are correct

Question 6

In the demand-withdraw cycle,

A)one partner has the tendency to make large demands on the other and then quickly withdraws his or her requests resulting in conflict.
B)one partner attempts to discuss a problem and the other withdraws from the discussion.
C)men are usually in the "demanding" role,and women are in the "withdrawing" role.
D)the therapist trains one partner to be more demanding and the other to be more withdrawing based on their respective personalities.

Question 7

A recent modification to behavioral marital therapy involves

A)reinforcing the partner for negative behaviors,as in paradoxical interventions.
B)accepting,and even embracing,certain negative behaviors.
C)providing compliments.
D)ignoring problem behaviors and focusing upon positive behaviors.

Question 8

The major goal of psychodynamic approaches to therapy involves

A)understanding the person's early childhood experiences,the nature of their key relationships,and the patterns in their current relationships.
B)the interplay of behavioral events and internal attributions.
C)identifying associations between unconscious motivations and superego functioning.
D)determining accurately the operative defense mechanisms.

Question 9

In Gestalt therapy,a "here and now" focus refers to a focus on

A)events in the session.
B)the therapeutic alliance.
C)the client's current life.
D)reactance.

Question 10

The following is a treatment for depression that involves helping a person engage in tasks that provide an opportunity for positive reinforcement

A)behavioral activation therapy
B)cognitive therapy
C)gestalt therapy
D)emotion-focused therapy

Question 11

Client-centered therapy suggests

A)problems arise from inner disturbance associated with ego-conflicts.
B)disorders are a result of failing to attend to one's own experiences..
C)psychological problems arise from interpersonal difficulties exclusively.
D)cognitive errors create neurotic disturbance.

Question 12

A recent development in behavioral couple's therapy has been

A)acknowledging divorce.
B)a growing appreciation of the role of acceptance.
C)a resurgence of traditional breadwinner/homemaker models.
D)revisiting past conflicts in vivo with the therapist.

Question 13

Emotion-focused therapy focuses on

A)the client's emotional reaction to discussing his or her childhood.
B)what is happening at that exact moment.
C)the most important event in the client's life.
D)maladaptive emotions.

Question 14

Alison is in therapy with a Gestalt therapist.As part of therapy,she is asked to imagine that her mother is in the room,and she is instructed to communicate to her how she feels,while gazing at a seat in the room.This is also known as the

A)empty-chair technique.
B)enacted interaction method.
C)analogue interaction.
D)accurate empathy.

Question 15

Sandra is a graduate student in clinical psychology.As part of her training,she is encouraged to develop good listening skills and unconditional positive regard,exhibit empathy and genuineness,and hold clients in a positive light.These are all central features of which therapeutic paradigm?

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive
C)behavioral
D)client-centered

Question 16

Gestalt therapy is widely recognized for its

A)extensive theoretical basis.
B)reliance on validated principles.
C)emphasis on techniques.
D)research on therapy outcome.

Question 17

Timbo is in therapy for depression.Timbo's therapist is trying to get him to recognize that some of his emotions are adaptive,while other emotions are maladaptive.Timbo is most likely being treated by a therapist who practices

A)client-centered therapy.
B)Gestalt therapy.
C)emotion-focused therapy.
D)brief psychodynamic therapy.

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true?

A)Generally speaking,psychotherapy is effective.
B)Less than 25% of people who enter psychotherapy treatment improve.
C)Psychotherapy is more effective with women and children than with men.
D)Outcome research is designed specifically to find the best treatment for Axis II disorders.

Question 19

Family therapy

A)emphasizes that usually one family member causes the majority of the problems.
B)has not been shown to be effective in treating the symptoms of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
C)is based on the notion that improving parental monitoring and discipline will help the family unit.
D)is based on the idea that the problems of the family influence each member and that the problems of each member influence the family.

Question 20

Integrative behavioral couples therapy (IBCT)

A)uses a set of techniques to promote acceptance.
B)does not promote resignation.
C)encourages couples to embrace their differences.
D)All of the above

Question 21

Cultural competence refers to whether therapists

A)are effective within their own culture.
B)understand the culture of their clients.
C)are certified in the study of cultures.
D)come from a similar culture to their clients.

Question 22

When a researcher determines that the outcome of a randomized controlled treatment study on schizophrenia is associated with reduction in negative symptoms,he or she is referring to the ________ of the treatment.

A)effectiveness
B)efficacy
C)positive effects
D)grant-funded nature

Question 23

Manuals in psychotherapy outcome research provide all of the following,EXCEPT

A)helping therapists to be more similar in what they do.
B)providing step-by-step instructions for implementing a particular psychological treatment.
C)providing a record of what therapists actually did during the study.
D)helping experienced therapists more than the junior therapists.

Question 24

Therapy manuals are used to ensure that therapists use

A)procedures tailored to the individual.
B)optimal procedures in therapy.
C)the same procedures in research.
D)procedures validated by research.

Question 25

Which of the following factors may be more important in contributing to good outcomes in therapy than ethnic matching?

A)agreement on theoretical orientation between therapist and client
B)same age bracket for therapist and client
C)same gender for therapist and client
D)cultural competence

Question 26

A problem with the use of treatment manuals is

A)the client may feel that his or her particular concerns are not being addressed.
B)they do not provide good internal validity.
C)they are often convoluted and difficult to follow.
D)they are only useful for psychodynamic research.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a caveat of the outcome literature of brief psychodynamic treatments?

A)They offer an advantage compared to control conditions only when treatment lasts more than 20 sessions.
B)They have not been found to be more helpful than general treatment as offered in the community.
C)They are likely to fare best when therapists use a manual and receive specific training in these approaches.
D)All of the above are caveats.

Question 28

Family therapy has been found to have efficacy in reducing symptoms of a broad range of disorders,including all of the following EXCEPT

A)substance abuse
B)social phobia
C)schizophrenia
D)bipolar disorder

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Outcome research on couple's therapy suggests that about 75% - 80% of treated couples are happily married at the end of treatment.
B)In many studies,behavioral couple's therapy has been shown to better relieve relationship distress than no treatment or placebo-treatment.
C)Psychodynamic couple's therapy has been shown to be more effective than behavioral couple's therapy.
D)When there is distress in a relationship,couples are usually better off if they seek individual therapy,at least initially.

Question 30

A no-treatment control group allows researchers to test which of the following?

A)whether random assignment is effective.
B)whether the data is valid.
C)whether the passage of time helps a person recover as much as the active treatment does.
D)whether the data is reliable.

Question 31

Sara is in psychoanalytic therapy.She will do best in treatment if

A)she is well educated.
B)she has schizophrenia.
C)she is middle-aged.
D)All of the above factors will be associated with better outcome.

Question 32

Empirical work evaluating the outcome of cognitive therapy

A)universally supports cognitive therapy as superior to medication.
B)suggests it achieves greater short-term improvement than wait-list controls,medication treatment,noncognitive behavioral treatments,and a heterogeneous group of other psychotherapies.
C)by and large shows medication to be a more effective treatment than cognitive therapy.
D)rarely compares the therapy to a medication group.

Question 33

By current standards,in order to receive grant funding for treatment outcome research in psychotherapy,a researcher must

A)have a therapy manual.
B)have access to licensed therapists.
C)be affiliated with a medical school.
D)be familiar with psychopharmacological agents.

Question 34

The purpose of treatment manuals is to

A)clearly define the independent variable.
B)allow for greater external validity.
C)limit the amount that therapists vary in how they deliver the treatment.
D)Both a and c are correct

Question 35

About ______ of couples who receive couples therapy report being more satisfied than those who received no treatment.

A)10%
B)20%
C)50%
D)80%

Question 36

Outcome research on experiential approaches has indicated that

A)experiential therapies are more likely to relieve symptoms of less severe problems.
B)experiential therapies are more likely to relieve symptoms of more severe problems.
C)these therapies are largely ineffective in relieving symptoms of anxiety or depression.
D)exposure is a very effective approach for treating anxiety disorders.

Question 37

Yoshi is receiving therapy for social phobia.As part of therapy,he is instructed to imitate a series of target behaviors demonstrated by his therapist.Yoshi will be best able to model these behaviors if

A)the therapist is of the opposite sex.
B)his symptoms are mild.
C)the therapist has cultural competence.
D)All of above are correct.

Question 38

Tom feels that he meets the criteria for social phobia.He learned of these symptoms from ads for a free trial of therapy.He decides he would like to participate in the study.Tom might be excluded from participating in the study if he

A)is depressed because of his social phobia .
B)smokes cigarettes.
C)also has post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)has a relative with social phobia.

Question 39

A major problem of outcome research in psychoanalytic therapy is

A)methodological flaws.
B)the large number of studies makes it difficult to determine for whom therapy is best suited.
C)the low education level of most of the study participants.
D)All of the above are problems in outcome research on psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 40

A recent meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials of computerized CBT interventions for depression and anxiety showed all of the following EXCEPT

A)these programs have yielded only small effects on depression.
B)these programs have been moderately helpful for the relief of anxiety symptoms.
C)these programs are more beneficial than pharmacological therapies.
D)effects are much more substantial when the internet program is supplemented with some form of therapist contact.

Question 41

African American patients

A)are less satisfied with ethnically-similar therapists.
B)have likely experienced prejudice.
C)will inevitably run into insurmountable barriers in therapy.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 42

The two types of psychotherapy process research covered in the text are

A)the common factors approach and mechanisms of change.
B)the common factors approach and relationship analysis.
C)mechanisms of change and relationship analysis.
D)relationship analysis and evolution examination.

Question 43

Discuss the aims of community psychologists and the types of programs they develop.What are the difficulties in evaluating community psychology programs?

Question 44

Discuss the cultural factors involved in treatment for each of the following cultural groups: African Americans,Latinos,Asian Americans,and Native Americans.

Question 45

Which of the following is a characteristic of Asian Americans?

A)They tend to prefer a structured psychotherapy approach over a reflective one.
B)They do not experience discrimination like other ethnic minorities.
C)They are individualistic people.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 46

Community psychology primarily concerns itself with

A)developing clinics that provide individual therapy.
B)larger scale efforts at intervention and wellness.
C)programs based in community hospitals.
D)All of the above are part of community psychology.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT considered a common factor?

A)a strong rationale for how treatment will work
B)therapist expectations for change
C)challenging maladaptive cognitions
D)a strong therapeutic relationship

Question 48

Early in therapy,Tom has found that he enjoys meeting with his therapist.The two seem to be working toward a common goal,and the time appears to go quickly.This would characterize a good

A)example of transference.
B)initial symptom reduction.
C)process.
D)therapeutic alliance.

Question 49

Community psychology aims to

A)provide psychotherapy to as many people as possible in a given community.
B)integrate psychotherapy with regular primary medical care.
C)provide individual psychotherapy for community organizers in need.
D)change large systems to help groups of people rather than individuals.

Question 50

Compare and contrast Beck's Cognitive therapy with Emotion-Focused therapy.

Question 51

The text urges white therapists working with Latino clients to be especially sensitive to which of the following cultural issues?

A)personal and family losses.
B)importance of religion.
C)anger at majority culture.
D)respect for authority.

Question 52

According to Duran,culturally sensitive interventions may need to be modified to change

A)the role of the therapist.
B)the types of intervention strategies used.
C)the content of the intervention and how to present aspects of the content.
D)All of the above are correct

Question 53

Changes in patients' cognitions

A)are seen in patients treated with cognitive therapy.
B)are seen in patients treated with medication treatment.
C)Both a and b are correct.
D)Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 54

What have been some of the limitations in community psychology interventions,and how might these limitations be overcome?

Question 55

What are the conclusions from treatment outcome studies of couple's therapy?

Question 56

A strong therapeutic alliance

A)is what produces the majority of change in therapy.
B)results when patients' symptoms improve.
C)is rare.
D)None of the above are correct.

Question 57

In regards to research on the role of culture in psychotherapy,early data suggest that

A)interventions developed for the dominant culture are perfectly applicable to other cultures.
B)interventions developed for the dominant culture are not at all applicable to other cultures.
C)tailoring interventions to culturally-relevant strengths can bolster applicability.
D)None of the above are correct

Question 58

Empirically supported treatments for specific minority groups

A)have not been effective.
B)are overwhelmingly psychodynamic.
C)rarely include a control group.
D)are few and far between.

Question 59

How are client-centered and Gestalt therapies similar and different?

Question 60

Describe some differences between how therapy research is conducted versus the typical practice of therapy.