Deck 12: Managing Our Heritage

Question 1

Tenochtitlán is located beneath modern

A)Beijing,China
B)Tokyo,Japan
C)Mexico City,Mexico
D)Lima,Peru
E)Cairo,Egypt

Answer 1

Mexico City,Mexico

Question 2

____________ has replaced traditional farming methods in many parts of the world,leading to the destruction of deeply buried archaeological sites and remains

A)The digging stick
B)Mechanized agriculture
C)The shallow plow
D)Organic farming
E)Small-scale hand farming

Answer 2

Mechanized agriculture

Question 3

A fundamental principle of heritage management is

A)the conservation of the archaeological record
B)the prevention of commercial and industrial development
C)the repatriation of archaeological objects
D)the publication of archaeological findings
E)all of the above

Answer 3

the conservation of the archaeological record

Question 4

A major portion of the remains of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlán was found by electrical workers.Tenochtitlán was the capital of

A)the Inca
B)the Mongols
C)the Maya
D)the Ancient Egyptians
E)the Aztec

Question 5

The practice of CRM is often known as

A)environmental archaeology
B)geoarchaeology
C)applied archaeology
D)colonial archaeology
E)pseudoarchaeology

Question 6

CRM stands for

A)Critical Research Mandate
B)Cultural Research Material
C)Critical Resource Mitigation
D)Cultural Resource Management
E)Cultural Resource Mitigation

Question 7

Historic buildings in England were deliberately targeted in bombing raids during

A)The Irish troubles
B)The War of the Roses
C)The British Civil War
D)World War I
E)World War II

Question 8

England's first inspector of Ancient Monuments,who was selected in 1882,was

A)Sir Mortimer Wheeler
B)Augustus Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers
C)Graham Hancock
D)Ignatius Donnelly
E)Kathleen Kenyon

Question 9

Experts investigating the looting of the Baghdad museum suspect that the looters

A)were random people off the street engaged in opportunistic smashing and looting
B)were well-informed individuals who knew the museum and knew what they were looking for
C)were careful and respectful in the museum: they only took things but did not break anything
D)all of the above
E)a and b only

Question 10

The two main agencies of archaeological destruction are construction and

A)natural disaster
B)rising sea levels
C)archaeological excavation
D)nationalism
E)intensification of agriculture

Question 11

The American Antiquities Act of 1906 was entirely focused on the preservation and conservation of sites located on

A)private land
B)Native American reservations
C)federal land
D)public,federal or private land that was being developed
E)the act applied to all land in the USA

Question 12

The American Antiquities Act was signed into law in 1906 by

A)Theodore Roosevelt
B)Abraham Lincoln
C)Franklin Roosevelt
D)Herbert Hoover
E)The Antiquities Act was never passed

Question 13

It is impossible for archaeological sites to be protected if

A)they are located in an area that people want to develop
B)their locations are not known or recognized
C)in times of war
D)they are located in developing countries
E)they are located on federal land

Question 14

In the United States,the survey or assessment in reference to a phase of major development includes

A)archaeological survey
B)studying the impact to wildlife
C)research into the recent history of the area
D)all of the above
E)a and c only

Question 15

The Great Temple of Tenochtitlán was destroyed by

A)an earthquake
B)a flood
C)architectural instability
D)the conquistadores
E)the invading Inca

Question 16

The most effective way that commercial development in sensitive archaeological areas can be avoided is through

A)effective planning legislation
B)protest and resistance
C)clandestine digging
D)a long series of suits and other litigation
E)all of the above

Question 17

The Warka Vase was one of many notable ancient objects that were stolen in 2003 during

A)the robbery of the Isabella Stuart Gardner Museum
B)the L.A.riots
C)the Iran/Iraq war
D)the looting of the Baghdad Museum
E)the Cuban missile crisis

Question 18

Assessments in advance of development require mapping with the aid of

A)GPR
B)NAGPRA
C)GIS
D)LANSAT
E)all of the above

Question 19

So-called "Preservation Laws" in the United States

A)force the complete preservation of all archaeological sites
B)will always value archaeological sites,even minor ones,over development
C)do not guarantee that archaeological remains will be preserved
D)do not call for archaeological excavation in any case
E)do not exist

Question 20

The vast majority of archaeological sites that are found during survey in advance of construction in the United States

A)do not meet the criteria to be considered significant and are recorded and destroyed
B)are major archaeological sites that require full excavation
C)are automatically destroyed and not recorded
D)cause construction plans to be abandoned
E)none of the above.

Question 21

Archaeological information is always published well and quite quickly.

Question 22

Most counties ensure at least some degree of protection for their major archaeological sites.

Question 23

Generally speaking,this is who pays for the archaeological work needed in advance of development

A)the archaeologist
B)the institution that the archaeologist works for
C)the body that is proposing the construction or development
D)US taxpayers
E)private individuals who love the past

Question 24

The part of the National Historic Preservation Act that requires federal agencies to identify historic places is

A)Section 106
B)The Preamble
C)Section 1
D)Clause 243
E)none of the above

Question 25

As yet,there are no known cases of archaeological monuments being destroyed during armed conflict.

Question 26

A major drawback of the 1906 Antiquities Act was that illicit digging and vandalism to archaeological sites on federal land were not prohibited.

Question 27

In the United States,CRM programs are run in

A)state governments
B)federal agencies
C)academic institutions
D)private consulting firms
E)all of the above

Question 28

The 1954 Hague Convention is meant to protect sites of historic significance during

A)natural disasters
B)peacetime
C)major political transitions
D)major festivals and holidays
E)times of war

Question 29

The official list of significant historic and cultural sites,structures and areas in the US is called the

A)World Heritage List
B)Protected Monuments Schedule
C)Historic Places Trust
D)The Federal Compliance Site List
E)National Register of Historic Places

Question 30

In the UK,where metal detecting for artifacts is not illegal,a national scheme has been set up to encourage metal detectorists to

A)give up this destructive hobby
B)to sell their finds on the open market
C)to confine their detecting to areas that have already been excavated
D)report their finds
E)be more discrete and not talk about their finds

Question 31

The international body behind the World Heritage List and the principal international convention against the illicit trafficking of antiquities is

A)ICOMOS
B)ICROM
C)UNESCO
D)CRM
E)GIS

Question 32

A large area of central Mexico City has been turned into a museum because the ruins of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlán were found there: development was halted on that spot.

Question 33

CRM work in the United States rarely results in the production of an excavation report.

Question 34

A sign of archaeology's popularity is the increase in archaeology students in university courses.

Question 35

Most archaeological survey and data recovery related to CRM work in the US is done by

A)private archaeology firms
B)archaeologists who are federal employees
C)undergraduate students
D)university professors
E)members of the public with no archaeology training

Question 36

Major figures in CRM in the United States are SHPOs.SHPO stands for

A)Sites of Historic Protection Officer
B)State Historic Preservation Officer
C)Site Health and Policing Officer
D)State Historic Police Official
E)Site Historic Protection Official

Question 37

The main causes of archaeological site destruction have nothing to do with humans.

Question 38

An emerging solution to the problems associated with the publication of archaeological research is

A)imposing large fines on archaeologists who do not publish
B)not allowing academics to excavate anymore
C)online publication
D)not allowing private firms to excavate anymore
E)accept that most archaeological information will not be published

Question 39

There will always be more to learn in the field of archaeology.

Question 40

Archaeologists suspected that the Baghdad museum would be looted in 2003 and warned US and UK officials,but they did not listen.

Question 41

One of the ways that archaeological objects and sites get damaged is during times of war.Using specific examples,discuss the destruction of archaeological material during periods of armed conflict.What sorts of international agreements exist to help prevent this type of destruction?

Question 42

The potential for online publication to change how archaeology is recorded and reported is immense.Discuss some of the problems that exist within archaeological publication.How could online publication help solve these problems? What are the advantages and disadvantages of online publication?

Question 43

In the United States,CRM makes up a large part of the archaeological investigation conducted in the country.Discuss CRM,including the situations in which such work is conducted,who the key players are in CRM,and the ways in which the destruction of the past is mitigated through such work.