Deck 11: Experimental Designs With More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable

Question 1

If,in a randomized ANOVA,there are three groups with 10 participants in each group,the df for the F-ratio is equal to

A)30.
B)29.
C)2,27.
D)2,28.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

If a randomized ANOVA produced SS_between = 35 and SS_within = 15,then $\eta$ ² would be

A)35/50 x 100 = 70.
B)50/35 x 100 = 143.
C)15/50 x 100 = 30.
D)unable to determine.

Answer 2

35/50 x 100 = 70.

Question 3

If a researcher reported an F-ratio with df = 3,32 for a randomized one-way ANOVA,then there were _____ conditions in the experiment and _____ total participants.

A)4; 36
B)4; 40
C)3; 36
D)3; 32

Answer 3

A

Question 4

For an F-ratio with df = 2,26,the F_cv for $\alpha$ = .05 would be

A)2.36.
B)3.37.
C)4.23.
D)5.53.

Question 5

If the null hypothesis for an ANOVA is true,then the F-ratio should be

A)greater than 5.00.
B)a negative number.
C)0.00.
D)1.00.

Question 6

Systematic variance may consist of

A)both experimental effects and confounding variables.
B)experimental effects.
C)confounding variables.
D)experimenter effects.

Question 7

If between-groups variance is small,then we have not observed

A)experimenter effects.
B)an effect of the dependent variable.
C)enough samples.
D)an effect of the independent variable.

Question 8

Whenever the F-ratio is near 1.00 it means that

A)a mistake has been made in the computation.
B)there are large systematic effects present.
C)the experimental manipulation probably had the predicted effects.
D)the between-groups variation is no larger than would be expected by chance alone and no larger than the within groups variance.

Question 9

The null hypothesis for a one-way randomized ANOVA states

A)H₀: $\mu$ ₁ = $\mu$ ₂ = $\mu$ ₃.
B)H₀: $\mu$ ₁ $\neq$$\mu$ ₂ $\neq$$\mu$ ₃. c. H_a: $\mu$ ₁ = $\mu$ ₂ = $\mu$ ₃.
d.H_a: $\mu$ ₁ $\neq$ $\mu$ ₂ $\neq$ $\mu$ ₃.

Question 10

When conducting an experiment with more than two levels of the independent variable,a _____ is recommended over a _____ because of the reduced risk of a _____.

A)one-way ANOVA; t-test; Type II error
B)one-way ANOVA; t-test Type I error
C)t-test; one-way ANOVA; Type II error
D)t-test; one-way ANOVA; Type I error

Question 11

The alternative hypothesis for a one-way randomized ANOVA states

A)H₀: $\mu$ ₁ = $\mu$ ₂ = $\mu$ ₃.
B)H₀: $\mu$ ₁ $\neq$ $\mu$ ₂ $\neq$$\mu$ ₃.
C) H_a: $\mu$ ₁ = $\mu$ ₂ = $\mu$ ₃.

D)H_a: $\mu$ ₁ $\neq$$\mu$ ₂ $\neq$$\mu$ ₃.

Question 12

Using designs with more than two levels of an independent variable allows researchers to

A)compare more than two kinds of treatment in one study.
B)compare two or more kinds of treatment with a control group.
C)compare a placebo group to the control and experimental groups.
D)accomplish all of the other alternatives.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the one-way randomized ANOVA?

A)the data are interval or ratio
B)the underlying distribution is skewed
C)the variance among the populations being compared are homogeneous
D)all of the alternative are correct.

Question 14

The between groups variance is comprised of _____ variance and _____ variance.

A)systematic; error
B)within-groups; error
C)total; error
D)within-groups; total

Question 15

When the variance _____ the groups is _____ and the variance _____ the groups is _____,we can expect a large F-ratio.

A)between; large; within; large
B)between; small; within; small
C)between; large; within; small
D)between; small; within; large

Question 16

If a randomized ANOVA produced MS_between = 35 and MS_within = 15,then the F-ratio would be

A)35/15 = 2.33.
B)15/35 = .43.
C)35/50 = .70.
D)50/15 = 3.33.

Question 17

_____ is a means of setting a more stringent alpha level in order to minimize Type I errors.

A)ANOVA
B)The Bonferroni adjustment
C)An F-ratio
D)The sums of squares

Question 18

If the independent variable in an experiment had an effect this would contribute to _____ variance in the F-ratio.

A)total
B)between-groups
C)within-groups
D)error

Question 19

The larger the within-groups (error)variance

A)the more difficult it becomes to show the effects of experimental treatment.
B)the easier it becomes to show the effects of experimental treatment.
C)the more difficult it becomes to perform the F test.
D)the easier it becomes to show a causal effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

Question 20

The F-ratio is a ratio of _____ variance over _____ variance.

A)between-groups; within-groups
B)within-groups; between-groups
C)total; between-groups
D)total; within-groups

Question 21

In a repeated-measures design,the single largest contributing factor to error variance has been removed.What is that factor?

A)individual differences
B)experimenter effects
C)subject bias effects
D)measurement error

Question 22

In a repeated-measures ANOVA,the total variance is comprised of

A)between-groups and error variance.
B)within-groups and error variance.
C)between-groups and participant variance.
D)between-groups,error,and participant variance.

Question 23

If the null hypothesis is true,what value should we expect for the F-ratio? Why?

Question 24

Explain what between-groups variance and within-groups variance are comprised of.

Question 25

Post hoc tests are used to

A)determine whether an F-ratio is significant.
B)determine whether $\eta$ ² needs to be computed.
C)make all pairwise comparisons between group means.
D)all of the options are correct.

Question 26

When and why is it necessary to use post hoc tests?

Question 27

If,in a repeated-measures ANOVA,k = 4 and n = 6,the df for the F-ratio equals

A)4,6.
B)3,5.
C)3,15.
D)3,20.

Question 28

If,for a repeated measures ANOVA,F(2,24)= 4.45,p < .05,how many participants were there in the study?

A)24
B)25
C)39
D)13

Question 29

What is the Bonferroni adjustment? What would the Bonferoni adjustment be for a study with four groups for which a researcher decided to use t-tests?

Question 30

The nonparametric equivalent to the ANOVA is the _____ test.

A)Chi-square
B)t
C)r²
D)Kruskal-Wallis

Question 31

Explain when it would be appropriate to use a t test versus a one-way analysis of variance.

Question 32

Post hoc tests are necessary after an ANOVA when the test is _____ and there are _____ or more groups being compared.

A)significant; 3
B)significant; 2
C)not significant; 3
D)not significant; 2

Question 33

Which of the following is not an assumption of the one-way repeated measures ANOVA?

A)the data are interval-ratio in scale
B)the underlying distribution is normally distributed
C)the variances among the populations being compared are homogeneous
D)the groups are independent

Question 34

If,for a repeated measures ANOVA,F(2,24)= 4.45,p < .05,how many conditions were there in the study?

A)2
B)3
C)24
D)48