Deck 14: Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of the following results from deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones?

A) Cushing disease
B) Aldosteronism
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Addison disease

Answer 1

Addison disease

Question 2

This reading indicates that Cushing syndrome may be caused by which of the following?

A) An infectious microorganism
B) Disuse atrophy
C) Side effect of prescribed glucocorticoids
D) A severe vitamin deficiency

Answer 2

Side effect of prescribed glucocorticoids

Question 3

Which term represents pharmacotherapy to counteract inflammation?

A) Glucocorticoids
B) Hypertrichosis
C) Hypothalamic
D) Kyphosis

Answer 3

Glucocorticoids

Question 4

Which term means between the breasts?

A) Inframammary
B) Intermammary
C) Mastalgia
D) Mastodynia

Question 5

Which of these is a pituitary hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection?

A) Adrenalin
B) Somatotropin
C) Oxytocin
D) Gonadotropin

Question 6

Hyperinsulinism results in which of the following?

A) Diabetes
B) Polyuria
C) Glycosuria
D) Hypoglycemia

Question 7

Which is the glandular lobe of the pituitary?

A) Neurohypophysis
B) Adenohypophysis
C) Neurilemma
D) Adenochondroma

Question 8

Which of the following is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia and glycosuria?

A) Cushing syndrome
B) Myxedema
C) Diabetes
D) Cretinism

Question 9

Which of the following signs or symptoms might be expected in Cushing syndrome?

A) Large extremities
B) Difficult breathing
C) Muscular weakness
D) Increased pulse

Question 10

Which of the following is true concerning the pancreas?

A) It is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland.
B) It produces sympathomimetic hormones.
C) It produces parasympathomimetic hormones.
D) It is an endocrine,but not an exocrine,gland.

Question 11

What is an iatrogenic disorder?

A) An unfavorable response to medical treatment
B) An error of metabolism involving abnormal structure or metabolism of collagen
C) A disorder of function having no known organic cause
D) A disorder caused by an immune response against one's own cells

Question 12

Which of the following does not mean painful breast?

A) Mastalgia
B) Mastodynia
C) Mastopexy
D) Mammalgia

Question 13

What is the name of the study that measures the ability of the thyroid gland to trap and retain iodine-131 after oral ingestion?

A) Computed thyroid tomography
B) Thyroid ultrasound
C) Roentgenography of the thyroid gland
D) Radioactive iodine uptake test

Question 14

Which of these terms means enlargement of the adrenal gland?

A) Adrenalitis
B) Adrenomegaly
C) Adrenitis
D) Adrenopathy

Question 15

Which of the following is not a gonadotropin?

A) Oxytocin
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) Gonadotropic hormone

Question 16

Which type of gland has ducts and empties its secretion onto an internal or external surface?

A) Thyroid
B) Adrenal
C) Exocrine
D) Endocrine

Question 17

What does suprarenal mean?

A) Above the kidney
B) Behind the kidney
C) Closely associated with kidney function
D) Functioning as a kidney

Question 18

Which term means stability in the normal body state?

A) Cachexia
B) Homeostasis
C) Somatomegaly
D) Somesthesia

Question 19

What does thyropathy mean?

A) An enlarged thyroid gland
B) Any disease of the thyroid
C) Stimulating the thyroid gland
D) Tumor of the thyroid

Question 20

Where is insulin produced?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Islets of Langerhans
D) Anterior lobe of the pituitary

Question 21

What is the term for removal of a breast?

A) Mastitis
B) Mammoplasty
C) Mammotomy
D) Mastectomy

Question 22

Which of the following is an exocrine gland?

A) Sweat gland
B) Pituitary gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Testis

Question 23

How does one refer to the organ or structure toward which the effects of a hormone are directed?

A) An adenohypophysis
B) A varix
C) A target organ
D) A tarsus

Question 24

Which hormone does the adrenal gland secrete?

A) Epinephrine
B) Testosterone
C) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
D) Thyrocalcitonin

Question 25

What is the film produced in a diagnostic procedure that uses x-rays to study the breast?

A) Mammogram
B) Mammography
C) Reduction mammoplasty
D) Radioactive iodine uptake test

Question 26

What does diuretic mean?

A) Pertaining to the adrenal glands
B) Pertaining to diabetes and its symptoms
C) A hormone that causes lactation
D) Increasing urination or the volume of urine

Question 27

What is the meaning of lactation?

A) Suckling of the breast by an infant
B) The interrelationship of the brain and breast during infant suckling
C) Abnormal secretions from the breast
D) Secretion of milk

Question 28

What does the term goiter mean?

A) An abnormal lump in the breast
B) An enlarged thyroid
C) A condition brought about by hypoinsulinism
D) A condition brought about by hypoadrenalism

Question 29

What does lactogenesis mean?

A) Production of milk
B) Release of milk by the mammary glands
C) Increase in breast size during pregnancy
D) Increase in the amount of adipose tissue in the breast

Question 30

Which of the following is most affected by antidiuretic hormone?

A) Growth
B) Demand for fuel by body cells
C) Volume of urine excreted
D) Resistance to stress

Question 31

What are the chemical secretions of endocrine glands called?

A) Gonads
B) Hormones
C) Colostrum
D) Varices

Question 32

What is the name of the lactogenic hormone?

A) Oxytocin
B) Prolactin
C) Lactose
D) Lactase

Question 33

Which term means abnormal hairiness?

A) Hirsutism
B) Alopecia
C) Cachexia
D) Acromegaly

Question 34

Which disorder is the result of insufficient growth hormone during childhood?

A) Cushing disease
B) Dwarfism
C) Somatotropin
D) Thyroma

Question 35

Which of the following is the master gland?

A) Adrenal
B) Gonad
C) Pituitary
D) Suprarenal

Question 36

Which of the following describes the endocrine glands?

A) Empty their secretions onto an external body surface
B) Empty their secretions onto an internal body surface
C) Secrete their hormones into the bloodstream
D) Secrete hormones into the bloodstream as well as empty them onto internal body surfaces

Question 37

What is the significance of the master gland concept?

A) The master gland is the largest gland in the body.
B) The master gland secretes hormones to which other glands respond.
C) The master gland controls the body by direct nervous stimulation.
D) The master gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Question 38

Which gland produces thymosin,which regulates production of lymphocytes?

A) Adrenal
B) Pituitary
C) Thymus
D) Thyroid

Question 39

Which term means producing masculine characteristics?

A) Cachexia
B) Androgenic
C) Glycemic
D) Myxedema

Question 40

Which of the following is another name for the pituitary gland?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Hypophysis
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Pons varolii

Question 41

Thyrotropin stimulates the synthesis and secretion of which of the following?

A) Glucocorticoids
B) Thyroxine
C) Epinephrine
D) Norepinephrine

Question 42

Where is insulin produced?

A) Pituitary
B) Adrenal cortex
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Pancreas

Question 43

What causes myxedema?

A) Hyperadrenalism in children
B) Hyperadrenalism in adults
C) Hypothyroidism in children
D) Hypothyroidism in adults

Question 44

Thyrotoxicosis is caused by which of the following?

A) Goiter
B) Exophthalmos
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Hypothyroidism

Question 45

To what does gonadal pertain?

A) Adrenal glands
B) Pituitary gland
C) Ovaries or testes
D) Breast

Question 46

Increased secretion of growth hormone in adults causes which of the following?

A) Gigantism
B) Cretinism
C) Acromegaly
D) Gonadopathy

Question 47

What is somatotropin?

A) A substance that causes the release of hormones from the adenohypophysis
B) A substance that causes the release of hormones from the neurohypophysis
C) A substance that stimulates the ovaries and testes
D) A substance that stimulates the body's growth

Question 48

Which is true of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A) It is the main mineralocorticoid.
B) It is the main glucocorticoid.
C) It stimulates the adrenal cortex.
D) It regulates the adrenal medulla.

Question 49

What is plastic surgery to increase the size of the female breast called?

A) Augmentation mammography
B) Reduction mammography
C) Augmentation mammoplasty
D) Reduction mammoplasty

Question 50

What is the location of an adrenal gland?

A) Near the hypothalamus
B) Near the axilla
C) Near the kidney
D) Near the islets of Langerhans

Question 51

What is the function of melanocyte-stimulating hormone?

A) Stimulates the rate of growth
B) Stimulates dispersion of melanin
C) Stimulates secretion of the thyroid gland
D) Stimulates secretion of the adrenals

Question 52

Which is true of the parathyroids?

A) They are located near the thyroid gland.
B) They are regulated by the thyroid gland.
C) They produce thyroxine.
D) They produce gonadotropin.

Question 53

Which statement is true of epinephrine?

A) It is a glucocorticoid.
B) It is a mineralocorticoid.
C) It is a hormone that helps the body resist stress.
D) It is a hormone that influences the development of masculine sex characteristics.

Question 54

Which structure conveys milk?

A) Sinus
B) Lactiferous duct
C) Lactose
D) Lactation

Question 55

Which is true of hypopituitarism?

A) It is increased activity of the pituitary.
B) It is decreased activity of the pituitary.
C) It may lead to Cushing syndrome.
D) It may lead to hyperinsulinism.

Question 56

What is thyrocalcitonin?

A) Triiodothyronine
B) A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands
C) A thyroid hormone that helps regulate the blood calcium level
D) A thyroid hormone that helps regulate water and electrolyte levels

Question 57

Which of these statements is true of tetraiodothyronine?

A) It is a hormone that helps the body handle stress.
B) It is a hormone that contains four iodine atoms.
C) It produces cretinism if hypersecretion occurs.
D) It produces Cushing syndrome if hypersecretion occurs.

Question 58

What does hypogonadism mean?

A) The condition that exists after gonads are removed
B) A diseased condition of the gonads
C) Decreased functional activity of the gonads
D) Increased functional activity of the gonads

Question 59

What does exophthalmos mean?

A) Originating outside the organism
B) Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
C) Elevated metabolic rate caused by the external environment
D) A wasting condition seen in Cushing disease

Question 60

Which of the following can be caused by hyperpituitarism?

A) Dwarfism
B) Pituitary cachexia
C) Cretinism
D) Gigantism

Question 61

Which of the following is a disorder characterized by single or multiple benign tumors of the breast?

A) Breast cancer
B) Breast augmentation
C) Fibrocystic breast disease
D) Mammography

Question 62

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of untreated diabetes?

A) Hyperglycemia
B) Polydipsia
C) Glycosuria
D) Hyperemesis

Question 63

Which of the following has both an endocrine and exocrine function?

A) Adrenal glands
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 64

What is the name of structures that have the ability to manufacture chemical substances that are discharged and used in some other part of the body?

A) Secretions
B) Glands
C) Homeostatics
D) Hormones

Question 65

What is the cloudy fluid secreted by the mammary gland the first few days after giving birth?

A) Colostrum
B) Lactogen
C) Oxytocin
D) Varix

Question 66

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

A) It increases the rate of growth and maintains size when growth is attained.
B) It acts in the kidneys to reabsorb water from the urine.
C) It causes uterine contractions,thus inducing parturition.
D) It produces effects that mimic those of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 67

Thyroxine is produced by which of the following?

A) Adrenal glands
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 68

Which term means tumor of a gland?

A) Adenectomy
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Adenoma
D) Adenopathy

Question 69

Epinephrine is produced by which of the following?

A) Adrenal glands
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 70

What does the term homeostasis mean?

A) Hormonal regulation of body activities
B) Coordination between the nervous system and endocrine system
C) Stability of the internal environment of the body
D) Control of hormonal secretions by glands

Question 71

Oxytocin is produced by which of the following?

A) Adrenal glands
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 72

Which term means surgical correction of pendulous breasts?

A) Mastopexy
B) Mastoptosis
C) Mammillation
D) Mammotomy

Question 73

What is the name of a condition of ill health,malnutrition,and wasting?

A) Pituitary cachexia
B) Cushing syndrome
C) Gonadopathy
D) Pericolitis

Question 74

Which of the following glands secrete follicle-stimulating hormone?

A) Adrenal glands
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 75

A woman develops extremely virile characteristics,such as a beard,a deeper voice,masculine distribution of hair,enlargement of the clitoris,and baldness.Which disease or disorder is being described?

A) Addison disease
B) Alexander disease
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Adrenogenital syndrome

Question 76

Somatotropin is produced by which of the following?

A) Adrenal glands
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary
D) Pancreas

Question 77

Which of the following is a disorder that is caused by an inadequate secretion or release of antidiuretic hormone?

A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Hyperpituitarism
D) Pituitary cachexia

Question 78

What does euthyroid mean?

A) Decreased activity of the thyroid
B) Increased activity of the thyroid
C) Normal functioning of the thyroid
D) Radiography of the thyroid

Question 79

Which term means behind the breast?

A) Augmentation
B) Mastic
C) Reduction
D) Retromammary

Question 80

Which of the following leads to diabetes mellitus?

A) Renal failure
B) Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex
C) Hypersecretion of the adrenal medulla
D) Hypoinsulinism