Question 1

What is a lateral curvature of the spine called?&#10;A) Lordosis&#10;B) Kyphosis&#10;C) Scoliosis&#10;D) Kyphoscoliosis

Accepted Answer

Lateral curvature of the spine is called scoliosis.

Question 2

An autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in the joints of children is:&#10;A) lordosis.&#10;B) juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA).&#10;C) osteomyelitis.&#10;D) metabolic syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in the joints of children. Lordosis is a spinal condition, osteomyelitis is a bone infection, and metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Question 3

Infectious mononucleosis can be diagnosed by the presence of:&#10;A) sore throat, fever, and lymphadenopathy.&#10;B) abnormal lymphocytes and positive antibody test.&#10;C) the causative bacteria in the saliva.&#10;D) extreme fatigue and malaise.

Accepted Answer

The presence of abnormal lymphocytes and a positive antibody test are the most definitive diagnostic criteria for infectious mononucleosis. Sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, extreme fatigue, and malaise may also be present, but are not specific to this condition and can be seen in other viral illnesses. The causative organism, Epstein-Barr virus, cannot be identified in saliva testing as it is present in many people's saliva even without active infection.

Question 4

What are common local signs of osteomyelitis?&#10;A) Joint swelling, limited movement&#10;B) Deformity of a limb, pain at rest&#10;C) Fever, leukocytosis, and malaise&#10;D) A red, swollen area, pain increasing with movement

Accepted Answer

A red, swollen area with pain increasing with movement is a common local sign of osteomyelitis. Joint swelling and limited movement may also be present, but are not specific to osteomyelitis. Deformity of a limb and pain at rest may indicate a more severe case, but are not always present. Fever, leukocytosis, and malaise are systemic signs of infection and may or may not be present in cases of osteomyelitis.

Question 5

How is scoliosis identified?&#10;A) Bowed or hunched-over position of head and shoulders&#10;B) Unevenly aligned hips and shoulders&#10;C) A swayback posture&#10;D) One arm and leg shorter than the other

Accepted Answer

Scoliosis is identified through a physical examination by a doctor or trained healthcare provider. One of the main signs of scoliosis is unevenly aligned hips and shoulders. The spine may also curve to one side, leading to a noticeable asymmetry in the back. A bowed or hunched-over position of the head and shoulders, a swayback posture, and one arm and leg shorter than the other are all possible indications of scoliosis, but they are not definitive diagnostic criteria. X-rays or other imaging tests may be necessary to confirm the presence and severity of scoliosis.

Question 6

Infectious mononucleosis is characterized by all EXCEPT:&#10;A) sore throat, fever, fatigue, malaise, and rash on trunk.&#10;B) enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) and spleen (splenomegaly).&#10;C) increased occurrence in infants and young children.&#10;D) the presence of atypical T lymphocytes.

Accepted Answer

Infectious mononucleosis is typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and commonly affects adolescents and young adults. It is rare in infants and young children. Therefore, option C is incorrect. The other options are common features of infectious mononucleosis.

Question 7

Acne vulgaris can best be described as an infection involving the:&#10;A) sweat glands of the upper body.&#10;B) dermis and epidermis of the skin.&#10;C) apocrine glands.&#10;D) sebaceous glands and hair follicles.

Accepted Answer

Acne vulgaris is primarily caused by inflammation and infection of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles in the skin.

Question 8

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by:&#10;A) a refusal to eat.&#10;B) extreme weight loss.&#10;C) alternating binge eating and purging.&#10;D) chronic diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by alternating binge eating and purging, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative use, or excessive exercise. It is not characterized by a refusal to eat or chronic diarrhea. While weight loss is possible with bulimia nervosa, it is not a defining characteristic.

Question 9

Which statement applies to testicular cancer?&#10;A) It often develops in untreated, undescended testes.&#10;B) It is related to chromosome abnormalities such as monosomy X.&#10;C) The tumor presents as a painful red lump in the scrotum.&#10;D) The cancer usually causes sterility.

Accepted Answer

Testicular cancer often develops in untreated, undescended testes.

Question 10

Which of the following comprise typical early signs of Still's disease, a form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
1) Presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood
2) High fever and skin rash
3) Swollen painful knees, wrists, and elbows
4) Deformity of the hands and feet

A) 1, 3
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3
D) 2, 4

Accepted Answer

Still's disease, also known as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, is characterized by high fever and skin rash along with swollen painful joints (typically knees, wrists, and elbows). Rheumatoid factor is not typically present in Still's disease, and deformities of the hands and feet are usually a result of longstanding disease rather than early signs. Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it includes both the typical early signs of Still's disease.

Question 11

Three factors common to metabolic syndrome include:&#10;A) presence of significant abdominal fat mass, changes in glucose metabolism, and changes in lipoprotein metabolism.&#10;B) increased fat mass throughout the body, changes in glucose metabolism, and delayed sexual maturation.&#10;C) significant increase of fat on hips and thighs, delayed linear growth, and change in calcium and vitamin D metabolism.&#10;D) BMI at the 85th percentile, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three factors common to metabolic syndrome include:&#10;A)...

Question 12

The biological changes associated with adolescence are stimulated primarily by:&#10;A) the peripheral nervous system.&#10;B) the thalamus.&#10;C) increased secretion of estrogen and progesterone.&#10;D) the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The biological changes associated with adolescence are...

Question 13

Which of the following might fluid and electrolyte deficits cause in a patient with anorexia nervosa?&#10;A) Cardiac arrhythmias&#10;B) Weight loss&#10;C) Dental caries and esophagitis&#10;D) Amenorrhea

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following might fluid and...

Question 14

Which of the following would confirm reduced normal linear growth during adolescence?&#10;A) Levels of androgens&#10;B) Abnormally thin epiphyseal plate seen on X-ray&#10;C) Lack of a broader pelvis in males&#10;D) Development of kyphosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would confirm reduced...

Question 15

Obesity in adolescents is:&#10;A) determined by calculating body mass index (BMI).&#10;B) a significant factor in a teen's self-image.&#10;C) related to increased intake of high fat and high carbohydrate snacks, &#34;fast foods.&#34;&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Obesity in adolescents is:&#10;A) determined by calculating...

Deck 23: Complications due to Adolescence