Question 1

Selye defined three stages in the stress response. The third stage is designated as the:&#10;A) alarm stage.&#10;B) resistance stage.&#10;C) stage of exhaustion.&#10;D) maladaptive stage.

Accepted Answer

The third stage in the stress response, as defined by Selye, is the stage of exhaustion, which occurs after prolonged exposure to stress or after unsuccessful adaptation to stress. In this stage, physical and emotional resources become depleted or exhausted, leading to increased vulnerability to physical and psychological disorders.

Question 2

A serious consequence of a major disaster, first recognized in war veterans is:&#10;A) stress ulcers.&#10;B) delayed tissue healing.&#10;C) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).&#10;D) cancer.

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious consequence of major disasters, and it was first recognized in war veterans. It is a mental health disorder that can develop after exposure to a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, serious accident, or violent assault. Symptoms can include flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance behavior, anxiety, and depression.

Question 3

The stress response involves the integrated action of the:
1) hypothalamus.
2) hypophysis.
3) sympathetic nervous system.
4) adrenal glands.

A) 1, 3
B) 2, 3
C) 1, 2, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

1, 2, 3, 4

Question 4

Hans Selye defined his general adaptation syndrome concept, which is also known as:&#10;A) fight or flight.&#10;B) compensate or compromise.&#10;C) restrain or release.&#10;D) avoid and flee.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hans Selye defined his general adaptation syndrome...

Question 5

Which of the following may alter a person's perception of a stressor?&#10;A) The presence of several stressors at the same time&#10;B) Past experiences&#10;C) Lack of effective coping mechanisms&#10;D) A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

All three options mentioned - the presence of several stressors at the same time, past experiences, and lack of effective coping mechanisms - can all impact a person's perception of a stressor. The presence of multiple stressors can make a single stressor seem more overwhelming. Past experiences can shape how a person perceives and responds to stressors in the present. Lack of effective coping mechanisms can make a stressor appear more difficult to manage.

Question 6

Improved function of the heart and brain during a stress response results from:
1) glycogenesis.
2) bronchodilation.
3) vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera.
4) decreased metabolic rate.

A) 1, 2
B) 2, 3
C) 2, 4
D) 3, 4

Accepted Answer

The improved function of the heart and brain during a stress response results from bronchodilation (which increases oxygen supply to the organs) and vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera (which redirects blood flow to the heart and brain). Glycogenesis and decreased metabolic rate are not specifically related to improved function of the heart and brain during stress.

Question 7

Severe, prolonged stress may cause acute renal failure or stress ulcers to develop as a result of:&#10;A) a deficit of glucose and oxygen in the body.&#10;B) the development of decompensated acidosis.&#10;C) prolonged vasoconstriction and ischemia.&#10;D) the supply of hormones having been exhausted.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged stress can lead to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones cause vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow to the kidneys and other organs, leading to ischemia. Prolonged ischemia can lead to acute renal failure. Similarly, stress ulcers can develop due to decreased blood flow to the stomach lining caused by prolonged vasoconstriction and ischemia. A deficit of glucose and oxygen in the body (choice A) can also lead to tissue damage, but this is not the primary mechanism behind stress-related renal failure or ulcer development. Decompensated acidosis (choice B) refers to a specific type of metabolic acidosis that occurs in some medical conditions, but it is not typically associated with prolonged stress. Exhaustion of hormone supplies (choice D) is not a recognized mechanism for the development of stress-related organ failure or ulcers.

Question 8

In which of the following situations would the stress response be used to prevent blood pressure from dropping too low?&#10;A) Increasing anger during an argument&#10;B) Writing a final examination&#10;C) Fear about a medical diagnosis&#10;D) Internal hemorrhage from injuries in a car accident

Accepted Answer

In the situation of internal hemorrhage from injuries in a car accident, the stress response would be used to increase heart rate and constrict blood vessels in order to maintain blood pressure and prevent it from dropping too low.

Question 9

During the stress response, endorphins act as:&#10;A) pain blockers.&#10;B) cerebral function depressors.&#10;C) stimulators of increased secretion of aldosterone and insulin.&#10;D) an enhancer of the immune response.

Accepted Answer

Endorphins act as pain blockers during the stress response. They are released in response to stress and help to alleviate pain and provide a sense of well-being.

Question 10

Possible complications caused by prolonged, severe stress include all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) hypertension.&#10;B) tension headache.&#10;C) diabetes mellitus.&#10;D) blindness.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged, severe stress can cause hypertension, tension headache, and diabetes mellitus, but it does not cause blindness. Blindness can be caused by other factors such as eye diseases or injury.

Deck 26: Stress and Associated Problems