Question 1

Which of the following is a potential effect of a bite or sting?&#10;A) Immediate heart failure&#10;B) Anaphylaxis&#10;C) Severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea&#10;D) Bone marrow damage

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis is a potential allergic reaction that can occur after a bite or sting, causing symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, and low blood pressure. Immediate heart failure and bone marrow damage are not typically associated with bites or stings. Severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur with some types of food poisoning, but not necessarily as a result of a bite or sting.

Question 2

The term pica refers to:&#10;A) the consumption of nonfood substances such as clay.&#10;B) diffuse edema and degeneration of neurons in the brain.&#10;C) particulates in the respiratory tract.&#10;D) high levels of mercury in the blood.

Accepted Answer

Pica refers to the persistent and compulsive consumption of nonfood substances, such as clay, dirt, hair, and ice. It is often associated with nutrient deficiencies, developmental disorders, and mental health conditions. Option B refers to a neurological disorder called pachymeningitis, option C refers to particulate matter pollution, and option D refers to heavy metal toxicity.

Question 3

Illness in institutions may be traced back to food handlers who:&#10;A) are carriers of pathogens.&#10;B) do not practice adequate hand-washing or sanitization.&#10;C) bring in pathogens from home or the community.&#10;D) A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

Food handlers can be carriers of pathogens, which they can pass on to the food they handle. In addition, if they do not practice adequate hand-washing or sanitization, they can spread germs from their hands to the food. Finally, they may bring in pathogens from their homes or communities that can contaminate the food. Therefore, all of the given choices are correct.

Question 4

What is/are signs of hypothermia?&#10;A) Systemic vasodilation&#10;B) Lethargy and confusion&#10;C) Nausea and cramps&#10;D) Rapid but strong pulse

Accepted Answer

Lethargy and confusion are both signs of hypothermia, indicating a decrease in cognitive and physical function due to low body temperature. Systemic vasodilation can occur as the body tries to conserve heat, but it is not a direct sign of hypothermia. Nausea and cramps can also occur but are not specific to hypothermia. A rapid but strong pulse may occur in the early stages of hypothermia, but it eventually becomes slow and weak as the condition worsens.

Question 5

Bites and stings cause disease in which three ways?&#10;A) Injection of toxins, transmission of infectious agents, or allergic reactions&#10;B) High fever and chills, transmission of infectious agents, or nausea and vomiting&#10;C) Bone marrow damage, extensive skin rashes, or allergic reactions&#10;D) Injection of neurotoxins, transmission of infectious agents, or kidney damage

Accepted Answer

Bites and stings can cause disease through injection of toxins, such as venom from a snake or spider; transmission of infectious agents, such as bacteria or viruses carried by mosquitoes or ticks; or allergic reactions, which can occur in response to many insect bites and stings.

Question 6

Which of the following events would most likely cause a person to faint and experience difficulty breathing?&#10;A) Exposure to gamma rays&#10;B) Eating fish containing mercury&#10;C) An insect sting&#10;D) Inhalation of asbestos particles

Accepted Answer

An insect sting can cause an allergic reaction called anaphylaxis, which can cause fainting and difficulty breathing, along with other symptoms such as hives and swelling. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment, such as an injection of epinephrine (adrenaline). Exposure to gamma rays, eating fish containing mercury, and inhalation of asbestos particles can all cause health problems, but they are not typically associated with fainting and difficulty breathing.

Question 7

Inhalants can be:&#10;A) a particulate such as asbestos.&#10;B) gaseous, such as sulfur dioxide.&#10;C) a solvent, such as benzene.&#10;D) A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

Inhalants can come in different forms and can be a particulate, gaseous, or a solvent. Examples of these include asbestos (particulate), sulfur dioxide (gaseous), and benzene (solvent). Therefore, the correct answer is D, which includes all three options.

Question 8

Radiation damage may occur from repeated exposure to:&#10;A) ultraviolet rays.&#10;B) X-rays.&#10;C) radioactive substances.&#10;D) A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

All three options, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and radioactive substances, can cause radiation damage with repeated exposure.

Question 9

Which of the following types of cells are most likely to be damaged by exposure to radiation?&#10;A) Bone and cartilage&#10;B) Skeletal and smooth muscle&#10;C) Peripheral and central neurons&#10;D) Epithelial tissue and bone marrow

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissues and bone marrow cells are highly sensitive to radiation exposure as they undergo rapid cell division and have a high turnover rate. The other choices listed have lower rates of cell division and turnover, making them less susceptible to radiation damage.

Question 10

The amount of radiation absorbed by the body is measured in rads, or _________.&#10;A) radiation-absorbed doses.&#10;B) roentgen-absorbed doses.&#10;C) radiation-emission number.&#10;D) radiation ionizing rate.

Accepted Answer

The amount of radiation absorbed by the body is measured in radiation-absorbed doses (rads). This unit measures the amount of energy absorbed by a material, such as the human body, from ionizing radiation. It is used to assess the potential harm to the body from exposure to radiation.

Question 11

Institutions frequently have outbreaks of infection associated with poultry products contaminated by:&#10;A) E. coli&#10;B) Salmonella&#10;C) Listeria&#10;D) HIV

Accepted Answer

The answer of Institutions frequently have outbreaks of infection associated...

Question 12

During the development of hyperthermia, the state of heat exhaustion is indicated when:&#10;A) body core temperature is very high.&#10;B) skeletal muscle spasms occur.&#10;C) hypovolemia and fainting occur.&#10;D) the cool-down process is too rapid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the development of hyperthermia, the state...

Question 13

Which of the following is considered carcinogenic?&#10;A) Lead&#10;B) Carbon monoxide&#10;C) Inhaled particulates&#10;D) Mercury

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is considered carcinogenic?&#10;A)...

Question 14

Two types of eye damage that can be caused by a laser beam are:&#10;A) chemical and structural.&#10;B) thermal burn and photochemical damage.&#10;C) tissue necrosis and vascular occlusions.&#10;D) formation of deep lesions in the optic nerve and in the sclera.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two types of eye damage that can...

Question 15

Which statement applies to food poisoning?
1) It results from consuming contaminated food and water.
2) It often causes gastroenteritis, including vomiting and diarrhea.
3) Outbreaks occur frequently in institutions.
4) It is often caused by Escherichia coli, normally found in the stomach.

A) 1, 3
B) 2, 4
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 1, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement applies to food poisoning?&#10;1) It...

Question 16

Choose the correct effects of exposure of the ears to very cold temperatures:&#10;A) Loss of sensation&#10;B) Lethargy and confusion&#10;C) Vascular occlusions&#10;D) A and C

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose the correct effects of exposure of...

Question 17

During the development of hyperthermia, the stage of heat stroke is marked by:&#10;A) shock and coma.&#10;B) hypervolemia and headache.&#10;C) diaphoresis and decreasing body temperature.&#10;D) dizziness, fainting, and headache.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the development of hyperthermia, the stage...

Question 18

Which of the following is likely to result from lead poisoning?&#10;A) Damage to the brain and peripheral nerves&#10;B) Inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs&#10;C) Various cancers&#10;D) Displacement of oxygen from hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is likely to...

Question 19

Bites from both wild and domesticated animals may cause:&#10;A) anaphylaxis.&#10;B) Shigella outbreaks.&#10;C) rabies.&#10;D) severe pain and headache.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bites from both wild and domesticated animals...

Question 20

A common illness for tourists in developing countries is &#34;traveler's diarrhea,&#34; often caused by:&#10;A) Salmonella&#10;B) Shigella&#10;C) E. coli&#10;D) Listeria

Accepted Answer

The answer of A common illness for tourists in developing...

Deck 28: Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems