Question 1

An approach to improving health and wellness by preventing and managing chronic conditions through building healthier lifestyles in community-centered small groups led by a facilitator is known as:&#10;A) Lifestyle Redesign&#10;B) Risk management&#10;C) Resilience training&#10;D) Health coaching

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle Redesign is an approach that focuses on improving health and wellness by preventing and managing chronic conditions through building healthier lifestyles, often in community-centered small groups led by a facilitator.

Question 2

The term prevalence refers to:&#10;A) New cases of a disease per year&#10;B) Number of cases of a disease in the population at any given time&#10;C) How much public attention is tuned to the disease&#10;D) How often the disease occurs over a life span

Accepted Answer

Prevalence refers to the number or proportion of cases of a disease in a population at a given time, regardless of when they first appeared. A refers to incidence, C refers to media attention, and D refers to lifetime risk.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of fall prevention programs?&#10;A) May help reduce mortality and morbidity&#10;B) May be based in the community&#10;C) Should include an assessment of environmental barriers&#10;D) All of these

Accepted Answer

All of these statements are true of fall prevention programs. These programs have been shown to help reduce mortality and morbidity, may be based in the community, and should include an assessment of environmental barriers such as loose rugs or inadequate lighting.

Question 4

A person observes her neighbors enjoying participation in a mall walking program for seniors and decides to give it a try. This is an example of health behavior adoption from which theoretical paradigm?

A) Social cognitive
B) Transtheoretical
C) Risk reduction
D) Health belief model

Accepted Answer

The Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes learning from the observation of others, which is exactly what is described in the scenario. The person decides to try the mall walking program after observing her neighbors' participation and enjoyment, illustrating the concept of observational learning or modeling.

Question 5

Which of the following is considered a determinant of health?&#10;A) Biology&#10;B) Access to health services&#10;C) Individual behaviors&#10;D) All of these

Accepted Answer

All of these are considered determinants of health according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Biology refers to characteristics inherited genetically or acquired through development; access to health services refers to the availability, affordability, and quality of healthcare; and individual behaviors refer to lifestyle choices such as physical activity, diet, and tobacco use.

Question 6

A therapist recommends night splints to prevent worsening of the existing deformity for a person with rheumatoid arthritis. This is an example of:&#10;A) Primary prevention&#10;B) Secondary prevention&#10;C) Tertiary prevention&#10;D) Anticipatory guidance

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention aims to manage and prevent further complications or deterioration of a disease. In this case, using night splints to prevent worsening of an existing deformity in someone with rheumatoid arthritis is an example of managing the condition to avoid further complications, thus fitting the definition of tertiary prevention.

Question 7

The fact that African American individuals sustain a higher rate of death due to cardiovascular disease is an example of:&#10;A) Lifestyle design issues&#10;B) Genetic differences in health risk&#10;C) Health disparity&#10;D) Secondary risk factors

Accepted Answer

Health disparity refers to differences in health outcomes or access to health care between different groups of people. The fact that African Americans have a higher rate of death due to cardiovascular disease compared to other racial/ethnic groups suggests a health disparity, which may be influenced by a variety of factors such as socioeconomic status, discrimination, and access to health care, among others. While lifestyle and genetic factors may also play a role, the fact that African American individuals experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to individuals of other races/ethnicities points to a larger systemic issue of health inequity.

Question 8

Counseling a client to quit smoking, according to the health belief model is most likely to be effective if:&#10;A) The person's &#34;decisional balance&#34; is in favor of action due to perceived risk/benefit&#10;B) The client is older&#10;C) The client believes he or she can quit smoking&#10;D) The client decides the behavior in question, such as smoking, has no relationship to overall health

Accepted Answer

The health belief model suggests that behavior change is most likely when an individual perceives a significant threat to their health and believes that making a behavioral change will reduce that threat, and when the perceived benefits outweigh the perceived barriers. So, if the person's decisional balance is in favor of action due to perceived risk/benefit, the counseling is most likely to be effective.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about how health-related quality of life (HRQOL) may reflect a disability paradox?&#10;A) Quality of life seems to be seen only in absence of disease.&#10;B) Quality of life is often reported by individuals to be better than an observer might report.&#10;C) Therapists can always determine HRQOL by level of disability.&#10;D) None of these is true.

Accepted Answer

The disability paradox suggests that individuals with disabilities may report a higher HRQOL than observers might expect, which is reflected in choice B. Option A is incorrect because quality of life can still be measured in the presence of disease or disability. Option C is also incorrect because therapists cannot always accurately determine HRQOL based solely on the level of disability.

Question 10

Wellness is best conceived as:&#10;A) Absence of disease&#10;B) An improvement in health over a time frame of intervention&#10;C) A state of physical, mental, and social well-being&#10;D) An attitudinal state

Accepted Answer

Wellness is not just the absence of disease, but a holistic state of physical, mental, and social well-being. An improvement in health over a time frame of intervention may be a component of wellness, but wellness encompasses more than just physical health. An attitudinal state may be a component of wellness, but it is not the defining characteristic.

Deck 20: Wellness, Prevention, Health Promotion