Question 1

Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are caused by:&#10;A) Poor nutrition and poor hydration&#10;B) Degeneration of joint surfaces and demineralization of bones&#10;C) Hypokinesis and presbyastasis&#10;D) All of these

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis is caused by degeneration of joint surfaces, while osteoporosis is caused by demineralization of bones. Poor nutrition and hydration as well as hypokinesis and presbyastasis can contribute to these conditions, but they are not their primary causes.

Question 2

Which of the following is associated with a fear of falling?&#10;A) Presbycusis&#10;B) Presbyopia&#10;C) Presbyastasis&#10;D) Presbyphonia

Accepted Answer

Presbyastasis is associated with a fear of falling. It refers to age-related changes in the vestibular system, which can lead to difficulty with balance and increase the risk of falls. Presbycusis (A) is age-related hearing loss, presbyopia (B) is age-related vision loss, and presbyphonia (D) is age-related changes to the voice.

Question 3

A major reason why the focus in adults is on physiological aging, instead of chronological aging, is that:&#10;A) Many older people lie about their ages&#10;B) Common diseases or pathologies can accelerate the aging process and increase the functional decline&#10;C) Death rates have declined in the elderly&#10;D) Lifestyle and behavioral factors have little influence on the aging process

Accepted Answer

Common diseases or pathologies such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes can accelerate the aging process and increase the functional decline. Therefore, it is more important to focus on physiological aging rather than chronological aging to understand the aging process in older adults.

Question 4

An occupational transition is:&#10;A) A major change in the occupational repertoire of a person in which one or several occupations change, disappear, and/or are replaced with others&#10;B) A period in which environmental modifications are used to help older adults function in the workplace&#10;C) A change of focus from health to quality of life&#10;D) The final year before retirement when a person plans to have his or her work carried on by others

Accepted Answer

An occupational transition is a major change in a person's occupational repertoire, usually involving one or several occupations changing, disappearing, and/or being replaced with others. This can occur due to a variety of factors such as personal choice, job loss, or changing job markets.

Question 5

Much of the loss of neural tissue associated with aging occurs in the myelinated structures of the white matter. The result of this is:&#10;A) Increased myoneural junction transmission rate&#10;B) Reduced psychomotor speed&#10;C) Reduced persistence in motor tasks&#10;D) Increased muscle atrophy

Accepted Answer

Loss of neural tissue in the myelinated structures of white matter is associated with reduced psychomotor speed, making option B the correct choice. Reduced persistence in motor tasks is not directly associated with loss of white matter myelination. Increased myoneural junction transmission rate and increased muscle atrophy are also not associated with loss of myelinated white matter.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a common age-related change in the cardiovascular system?&#10;A) Decreased cardiac output&#10;B) Increased lipid metabolism&#10;C) Increased peripheral vascular resistance&#10;D) Decreased cardiac reserve

Accepted Answer

As people age, their cardiovascular systems undergo various changes. However, increased lipid metabolism is not a common age-related change. Instead, lipid metabolism tends to decrease as people age, potentially contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease. The other listed options (A, C, and D) are common age-related changes in the cardiovascular system, including decreased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and decreased cardiac reserve.

Question 7

All of the following mental functions are likely to stay intact throughout late adulthood in healthy elders EXCEPT:&#10;A) Orientation functions&#10;B) Intellectual functions&#10;C) Temperament and personality functions&#10;D) Attention functions

Accepted Answer

Attention functions, especially the ability to divide attention and the speed of processing information, tend to decline with age. Orientation, intellectual functions, and temperament/personality generally remain stable in healthy elders.

Question 8

In the absence of disease or disability, most older adults retain their independence in ADLs well past the age of 80.

Accepted Answer

Most older adults without disease or disability can continue to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) independently well into their 80s and beyond. However, it is important to note that individual differences and health conditions can affect independence in ADLs.

Question 9

Therapists who want to support aging in place in their communities should advocate for:&#10;A) Change in the zoning of residential neighborhoods to allow nursing homes and other residential care facilities&#10;B) Efficient public transportation and downsized manageable housing&#10;C) Restricting the development of the communities as &#34;service sector&#34;&#10;D) None of these

Accepted Answer

Advocating for efficient public transportation and downsized manageable housing is the best choice when it comes to supporting aging in place. Most seniors prefer to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, and providing them with accessible and affordable housing options can make that a reality. Additionally, public transportation is important for seniors who no longer drive, allowing them to maintain their independence and access essential healthcare services and daily necessities. Restricting the development of communities and changing the zoning of residential neighborhoods may not necessarily align with the desire to age in place and may not be feasible or desired by the community.

Question 10

Successful aging is characterized by:&#10;A) Low incidence of chronic disease&#10;B) High level of engagement and participation&#10;C) High levels of function&#10;D) All of these

Accepted Answer

All of these factors are characteristics of successful aging. Low incidence of chronic disease, high level of engagement and participation, and high levels of function are all necessary components for successful aging.

Deck 18: Late Adulthood