Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the Moro reflex?&#10;A) Absence of this reflex is common.&#10;B) It is elicited by dropping back the head.&#10;C) Arms abduct followed by adduction.&#10;D) It is commonly assessed in neonatal neurologic testing.

Accepted Answer

Absence of the Moro reflex is not common and can indicate neurological issues.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT associated with normal fetal circulation?&#10;A) Ductus arteriosus&#10;B) Foramen ovale&#10;C) Transposition of vessels&#10;D) Umbilical artery

Accepted Answer

Transposition of vessels is a congenital heart defect where the positions of the pulmonary artery and aorta are switched, which disrupts normal fetal circulation. The other options, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and umbilical artery, are all normal components of fetal circulation.

Question 3

The study of heritable changes in gene expression caused by factors other than the underlying DNA sequence is known as:&#10;A) Transgenics&#10;B) Epigenetics&#10;C) Proteomics&#10;D) Population genomics

Accepted Answer

The study of heritable changes in gene expression caused by factors other than the underlying DNA sequence is known as epigenetics. Transgenics is the modification of an organism's genome by the transfer of genes from another organism, while proteomics is the study of the complete set of proteins produced by an organism. Population genomics is the study of genetic variation within populations.

Question 4

In assessing vision in a newborn, you should:&#10;A) Use objects with high contrast&#10;B) Use pastels as they are pleasing to infants&#10;C) Avoid using the face to encourage fixation&#10;D) Hold the object far away as infants are farsighted

Accepted Answer

Newborns have limited visual acuity and are not able to see fine details or distant objects. Using objects with high contrast, such as black and white stripes or geometric patterns, can help stimulate their vision and encourage fixation. Pastels may not provide enough contrast for newborns to see well, and using the face as a fixation object may lead to confusion as they may be more interested in social interaction than in visual stimuli. Additionally, holding the object too far away may make it difficult for the newborn to see and focus on.

Question 5

The Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) is characterized by:&#10;A) Flexion of the extremities the infant is facing&#10;B) Extension of the extremities the infant is facing&#10;C) Extension of the extremities on the infant's &#34;skull side&#34;&#10;D) None of these

Accepted Answer

The Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) is characterized by extension of the extremities the infant is facing. When the infant turns their head to one side, the arm and leg on that side extend while the other arm and leg flex.

Question 6

Development of the nervous system that underlies behavioral maturation after birth is largely a function of:&#10;A) Myelination&#10;B) Neurogenesis&#10;C) Synaptogenesis&#10;D) A and c&#10;E) All of these

Accepted Answer

Myelination and synaptogenesis are critical processes involved in the development of the nervous system after birth. Myelination helps in the efficient transmission of nerve impulses, and synaptogenesis involves the formation of new connections between neurons, which is essential for learning and memory. Neurogenesis, on the other hand, is the process of generating new neurons, which occurs mainly during embryonic development and declines after birth. Therefore, option D (Myelination and Synaptogenesis) is the best choice.

Question 7

The substance that appears to have the most detrimental long-term negative effects on a fetus and newborn is:&#10;A) Cocaine&#10;B) Marijuana&#10;C) Alcohol&#10;D) Aspirin

Accepted Answer

Alcohol has been shown to have the most detrimental long-term negative effects on a fetus and newborn. Fetal alcohol syndrome can cause physical, cognitive, and behavioral problems that can last a lifetime. Cocaine and marijuana can also have negative effects, but they are not as extensively researched or as consistently shown to cause harm as alcohol. Aspirin, in moderation and under a doctor's guidance, is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy.

Question 8

Head control in the neonatal period is characterized by:&#10;A) Near-complete head lag in pull-to-sit&#10;B) Minimal labyrinthine righting allows lifting head briefly&#10;C) Tonic labyrinthine pulls infant into gravity&#10;D) All of these

Accepted Answer

In the neonatal period, head control is not yet fully developed. Near-complete head lag is commonly observed in pull-to-sit. Minimal labyrinthine righting response allows the infant to briefly lift their head when placed on their stomach. However, the tonic labyrinthine reflex may pull the infant into gravity, making it difficult for them to maintain sustained head lifting. All of these options describe the characteristics of head control in the neonatal period.

Question 9

If you are doing a behavioral assessment on a newborn, you want to make sure she spends at least some time in behavioral state:&#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) IV&#10;D) VI

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are doing a behavioral assessment...

Question 10

Developmentally appropriate care is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) Attention to the newborn's responses&#10;B) Promoting flexion&#10;C) Kangaroo care&#10;D) Always providing a stimulating environment

Accepted Answer

Providing a constantly stimulating environment is not always developmentally appropriate care for a newborn. Newborns need periods of rest and quiet in order to facilitate brain and physical development. Therefore, always providing stimulation may actually be harmful to the newborn's development.

Deck 9: The Newborn