Deck 21: Anus, Rectum, and Prostate

Question 1

Which finding in an infant may indicate lower spinal deformities?

A) Perirectal redness
B) Shrunken buttocks
C) Rectal prolapse
D) Dimpling in the pilonidal area

Answer 1

Dimpling in the pilonidal area

Question 2

The effects of aging on the gastrointestinal system lead to more frequent experiences of:

A) constipation.
B) prolonged satiety.
C) diarrhea.
D) prostate glandular atrophy.

Answer 2

constipation.

Question 3

Tarry black stools should make you suspect:

A) internal hemorrhoids.
B) rectal fistula.
C) upper intestinal tract bleeding.
D) prostatic cancer.

Answer 3

upper intestinal tract bleeding.

Question 4

Your patient's chief complaint is repeated, pencil-like stools. Further examination should include:

A) a stool culture.
B) parasite testing.
C) a digital rectal examination (DRE).
D) a prostate examination.

Question 5

In males, which surface of the prostate gland is accessible by digital examination?

A) Median lobe
B) Posterior
C) Superior
D) Anterior

Question 6

Equipment for examination of the anus, rectum, and prostate routinely includes gloves and:

A) a hand mirror and gauze.
B) a lubricant and penlight.
C) slides and normal saline.
D) swabs and culture medium.

Question 7

Palpation of the anal ring is done by:

A) bidigital palpation with the thumbs.
B) inserting the smallest finger into the anus.
C) pressing a gauze pad over the anus.
D) rotation of the forefinger inside the anus.

Question 8

The posterior surface of the prostate can be located by palpation of the:

A) anal canal and perineum.
B) anterior wall of the rectum.
C) lateral wall of the anus.
D) lower abdomen and perineum.

Question 9

Perianal abscesses, fissures, or pilonidal cysts will cause the patient to experience:

A) bulging and wrinkling.
B) constipation and pallor.
C) diarrhea and redness.
D) tenderness and inflammation.

Question 10

Factors associated with increased risk of prostate cancer include:

A) African descent.
B) cigarette smoking.
C) a low-fat diet.
D) alcoholism.

Question 11

Nodules found in the peritoneum through the anterior rectal wall:

A) are found with bidigital palpation.
B) are called shelf lesions.
C) are chronic fibrosis.
D) are found by having the patient bear down.

Question 12

Very light tan or gray stools may indicate:

A) upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
B) obstructive jaundice.
C) lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
D) polyposis.

Question 13

The caliber of the urinary stream is routine information in the history of:

A) adolescents.
B) infants.
C) older adults.
D) sexually active young men.

Question 14

The rectal past medical history of all patients should include inquiry about:

A) bowel habits.
B) dietary habits.
C) hemorrhoid surgery.
D) laxative use.

Question 15

Which is a risk factor for colorectal cancer?

A) High-fiber diet
B) Diet low in animal fats and proteins
C) Irish descent
D) Inherited BRAC2 mutation

Question 16

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is controversial because:

A) there are many false-negative results.
B) PSA is produced by many other tissues.
C) it is less sensitive than digital rectal examination.
D) no data have proved that it decreases mortality.

Question 17

The cervix may be palpated through the:

A) anterior rectal wall.
B) internal umbilical wall.
C) lateral urethral meatus.
D) posterior uterine surface.

Question 18

Baby Sue is born with an imperforate anus. However, her outward anal appearance is normal. Which sign would indicate to the healthcare provider that she has a closed anal passageway?

A) Development of a scaphoid abdomen
B) Vomiting after her first feeding
C) Bleeding from the rectum
D) Failure to pass meconium stool

Question 19

The prostatic sulcus:

A) divides the right and left lateral lobes.
B) is the site of the seminal vesicle emergence.
C) refers to the anterior aspect of the prostate.
D) secretes clear viscous mucus.

Question 20

A lower spinal cord lesion may be indicated by which finding?

A) Lack of an anal wink
B) Rectal prolapse
C) Anal fistula
D) Small flaps of anal skin

Question 21

The mother brings her 4-year-old to the clinic because the child complains of perianal itching. As part of your examination you complete a cellulose tape test. The cellulose tape test is used for the detection of:

A) enterobiasis.
B) carcinoma.
C) amebiasis.
D) steatorrhea.

Question 22

Pinworms and Candida may both cause:

A) constipation.
B) hemorrhoids.
C) perirectal irritation.
D) perirectal protrusion.

Question 23

Mr. Sweeney is a 58-year-old man who has presented for a routine annual prostate examination. On examination, you note a normal prostate gland. Which of the following characteristics should describe the normal prostate? (Select all that apply.)

A) Rubbery consistency
B) About 4 cm in diameter
C) Fluctuant softness
D) Gland protruding 1 cm into the rectum
E) Firm, smooth, and slightly movable

Question 24

Thrombosed hemorrhoids are:

A) flabby skin sacs.
B) red, inflamed, and painful.
C) fluctuant soft papules.
D) blue, shiny, painful masses.

Question 25

Palpation of a normal prostate in an older adult is likely to feel:

A) cool.
B) grainy.
C) polypoid.
D) rubbery.

Question 26

Mr. Dunn is a 62-year-old man who has presented for a routine annual examination. On examination of the prostate you note a hard, irregular, painless nodule and obliteration of the median sulcus. These are signs of:

A) benign prostatic hypertrophy.
B) cancer of the prostate.
C) long-standing prostatitis.
D) swelling as a result of aging.