Deck 10: Autism Spectrum Disorders and Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia

Question 1

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest prevalence of autism?

A)African American
B)Caucasian
C)Asian
D)Native American

Answer 1

Caucasian

Question 2

The two strongest predictors of adult outcomes in children with autism are:

A)absence of stereotyped behavior and theory of mind
B)IQ and language development
C)parental responsiveness and early intervention
D)intact motor skills and sensory specialization

Answer 2

IQ and language development

Question 3

_______________ has been associated with autism more than any other genetically based condition.

A)Tuberous sclerosis
B)Down syndrome
C)PKU
D)Fragile X

Answer 3

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 4

Children with autism are likely to experience problems with:

A)sleep patterns
B)gastrointestinal problems
C)food selectivity
D)all of the above

Question 5

___________ children with autism do not develop any useful language.

A)All
B)The majority of
C)Approximately half of
D)A small number of

Question 6

The deficits of autism become increasingly noticeable:

A)from birth
B)around 6 months of age
C)around 2 years of age
D)when the child enters school

Question 7

Dr.Ivar Lovaas is most noted for his work in developing:

A)TEACCH
B)Floor Time
C)Applied Behavioral Analysis
D)Pivotal Response Therapy

Question 8

Children who have been diagnosed with _______ have deficits in recognizing facial expressions.

A)depression
B)autism
C)ADHD
D)anxiety

Question 9

Traditional intelligence tests,such as the WISC,may _______ the intellectual functioning of children with autism.

A)underestimate
B)artificially inflate
C)stereotype
D)accurately reflect

Question 10

A step-by-step approach to presenting a stimulus and requiring a specific response that is used in the treatment of autism is called:

A)subtle trial training
B)response training
C)trial-response approach
D)discrete trial training

Question 11

Which of the following statements about gender differences in autism is true?

A)Autism is equally common in boys and girls.
B)Autism is more common in boys.
C)Autism is more common in boys,except among those with profound mental retardation,where the numbers of boys and girls are similar.
D)Autism is more common in boys,except among those with average or above-average IQ,where the numbers of boys and girls are similar.

Question 12

Studies of brain metabolism in individuals with autism suggest decreased blood flow in these two lobes.

A)frontal and temporal
B)frontal and parietal
C)temporal and parietal
D)occipital and temporal

Question 13

The extreme male brain theory of autism suggests that:

A)autistic brains are more "systemizing"
B)autistic brains are less "systemizing"
C)females are more systemizing
D)males are more empathizing

Question 14

Early theories about autism attributed the autistic child's behaviors to:

A)biological abnormalities of the brain
B)the inability to integrate senses
C)the parent's wish that the child not exist
D)lack of stimulating environments

Question 15

Family members of children with autism display higher than normal rates of:

A)echolalia
B)mental retardation
C)language deficits
D)all of these

Question 16

As many as _____ percent of individuals with Autism have a head size that is above average.

A)80
B)85
C)90
D)95

Question 17

_______ percent of parents who have a child with autism feel that the MMR,mercury (thimerosal)in vaccines and/or the increased number of childhood vaccines have contributed to their child's autism.

A)Ten
B)Twenty five
C)Fifty
D)Seventy five

Question 18

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)recommends that children be screened for autism at _______.

A)12 months
B)15 months
C)12 months and 24 months
D)18 months and 24 months

Question 19

Leo Kanner used the term early infantile autism which literally means __________.

A)absence of language
B)need of sameness
C)outside of oneself
D)within oneself

Question 20

For a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of autism,onset of autistic symptoms must be prior to age:

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)7

Question 21

Medications help control psychotic symptoms in children with schizophrenia by blocking _______________ transmission at the __________ receptor

A)dopamine,G2,GABA
B)dopamine,5HT2,serotonin
C)serotonin,D2,dopamine
D)dopamine,D2,dopamine

Question 22

Twenty five percent of children with _______ may never walk and half who do walk will lose their ability.

A)autism
B)Asperger's disorder
C)Rett's disorder
D)childhood disintegrative disorder

Question 23

The most common presenting symptom for children with schizophrenia is:

A)auditory hallucinations
B)visual hallucinations
C)paranoid delusions
D)flat affect

Question 24

Children with schizophrenia may be treated with _____________ to diminish psychotic symptoms.

A)behavior modification
B)individual therapy
C)medications
D)family treatment

Question 25

Current views regarding the causes of schizophrenia emphasize:

A)biological factors
B)family environment factors
C)disruptions to prenatal development
D)the interplay among biological vulnerability,stress,and protective factors

Question 26

In contrast to children with autism,children with Asperger's disorder:

A)do not display social impairments
B)do not display restricted interests
C)display greater interest in social contact
D)display less language delay

Question 27

Which of the following is least likely to characterize the families of children with schizophrenia?

A)communication deviance
B)use of harsh criticism toward the children
C)economic hardship
D)all of these are characteristic of families of children with schizophrenia

Question 28

_______ strengthens behaviors by capitalizing on naturally occurring opportunities.

A)Naturalistic training
B)Discrete trial training
C)Incidental training
D)Pivotal response training

Question 29

Which of the following statements about childhood-onset schizophrenia is false?

A)Childhood-onset schizophrenia appears to be a more severe form of adult-onset schizophrenia.
B)The criteria used to diagnose schizophrenia in adults can reliably be used to diagnose schizophrenia in children.
C)Childhood-onset schizophrenia typically has a sudden onset.
D)Childhood-onset schizophrenia is likely to persist into adolescence and adulthood.

Question 30

Schizophrenia is extremely rare prior to:

A)the preschool years
B)the early school years
C)adolescence
D)early to mid adulthood

Question 31

Which of the following statements about Rett's disorder is false?

A)Rett's disorder is generally considered to be a female disorder.
B)Children with Rett's disorder usually show a period of normal prenatal and early development for the first 6 to 12 months of life.
C)Children with Rett's disorder experience a deceleration of head growth.
D)In comparison to children with autism,children with Rett's disorder do not display language impairments.

Question 32

The UCLA Young Autism Project attempts to modify children's symptoms by:

A)imitating the children whenever they engage in perseverative behaviors
B)using behavior modification techniques such as rewarding and shaping
C)removing children from their homes and placing them in more structured settings
D)applying electric shock

Question 33

Current treatments for child-onset schizophrenia emphasize medications in combination with:

A)a psychotherapeutic program
B)a social support program
C)an educational support program
D)all of the above

Question 34

Four-year old Jacob has demonstrated a significant loss of previously acquired skills,following an apparently normal development.Jacob would be most likely to be diagnosed with:

A)autism
B)Asperger's disorder
C)childhood disintegrative disorder
D)Rett's disorder

Question 35

In comparison to children with autism,children with schizophrenia:

A)tend to be younger at diagnosis
B)show a more chronic and declining course
C)show similar social and language deficits
D)show less intellectual impairment

Question 36

The promise of early intervention with autism derives primarily from:

A)the likelihood that parents have not yet become discouraged
B)the likelihood that intrusive and disruptive behaviors will not yet have been developed
C)the willingness of young children to please adults
D)the plasticity of neural systems early in development

Question 37

The most common comorbid disorders in children with schizophrenia are:

A)autism and other PDDs
B)anxiety disorders
C)behavior disorders and depression
D)pica and mental retardation