Deck 5: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Gamma rays require the heaviest shielding of all the common types of nuclear radiation because gamma rays have the ________.

A)highest energy
B)most intense color
C)lowest energy
D)largest particles
E)heaviest particles

Answer 1

highest energy

Question 2

The product from the alpha decay of U is ________.

A) Np
B) Pu
C) Th
D) Ra
E) U

Answer 2

Th

Question 3

The process in which a nucleus spontaneously breaks down by emitting radiation is known as ________.

A)transformation
B)translation
C)fusion
D)a chain reaction
E)radioactive decay

Answer 3

radioactive decay

Question 4

If absorbed internally,alpha particle emitters are the most damaging because alpha particles ________.

A)have the largest charge
B)have the greatest energy
C)have the greatest mass
D)consist of high energy electrons
E)consist of pure energy

Question 5

The product from the positron emission of Cs is ________.

A) Cs
B) I
C) Xe
D) Ba
E) Xe

Question 6

Which is not a way to minimize your exposure to radiation?

A)wearing a lead apron
B)keeping a good distance
C)standing behind a thick concrete wall
D)wearing lead-lined gloves
E)staying a longer time

Question 7

Nitrogen-17 undergoes beta decay.What is the isotope produced in the radioactive decay?

A) C
B) B
C) N
D) F
E) O

Question 8

Radium-226 decays by alpha emission to ________.

A)barium-131
B)cobalt-60
C)carbon-14
D)polonium-218
E)radon-222

Question 9

The symbol e is a symbol used for a(n)________.

A)positron
B)neutron
C)gamma ray
D)beta particle
E)proton

Question 10

In the nuclear equation of beta decay,________.

A)the new nucleus contains 2 fewer protons
B)the new nucleus contains 2 more protons
C)the mass number of the new nucleus is 4 less than that of the original nucleus
D)the new nucleus contains 1 more proton
E)the new nucleus contains 1 less proton

Question 11

What is the nuclear symbol for a radioactive isotope of copper with a mass number of 60?

A) Cu
B) Cu
C)29Cu
D) Cu
E) Cu

Question 12

Which of the following is suitable as a minimum shielding for beta particles?

A)air
B)1 sheet of paper
C)gloves
D)1 m of concrete
E)1 cm of lead

Question 13

The damaging effects of radiation on the body are a result of ________.

A)the formation of unstable ions
B)the formation of radioactive atoms in the body
C)transmutation reactions in the body
D)extensive damage to nerve cells
E)the production of radioactive sodium ions in the body

Question 14

For Sr,there are ________.

A)85 protons and 38 neutrons
B)47 protons and 38 neutrons
C)38 protons and 47 neutrons
D)38 protons and 85 neutrons
E)85 protons and 47 neutrons

Question 15

The nuclear reaction shown below is an example of what type of process? Th → Rn + He

A)fusion
B)fission
C)translation
D)alpha decay
E)beta decay

Question 16

Which of the following types of radiation has the highest energy?

A)α-particles
B)β-particles
C)γ-rays
D)visible light
E)All of these have the same energy.

Question 17

A nuclear equation is balanced when ________.

A)the same elements are found on both sides of the equation
B)the sum of the mass numbers and the sum of the atomic numbers of the particles and atoms are the same on both sides of the equation
C)the same particles and atoms are on both sides of the equation
D)different particles and atoms are on both sides of the equation
E)the charges of the particles and atoms are the same on both sides of the equation

Question 18

The nuclear symbol of helium, He,is also the symbol for designating a(n)________.

A)proton
B)neutron
C)gamma ray
D)beta particle
E)alpha particle

Question 19

The symbol e is a symbol used for a(n)________.

A)proton
B)neutron
C)gamma ray
D)beta particle
E)alpha particle

Question 20

A positron is a particle emitted from the nucleus that has the same mass as a(n)________.

A)electron but has a positive charge
B)neutron but has a positive charge
C)alpha particle
D)beta particle
E)proton emitted from the nucleus

Question 21

The half-life of a radioisotope is ________.

A)one-half of the time it takes for the radioisotope to completely decay to a nonradioactive isotope
B)the time it takes for the radioisotope to become an isotope with one-half of the atomic weight of the original radioisotope
C)the time it takes for the radioisotope to become an isotope with one-half the atomic number of the original radioisotope
D)the time it takes for the radioisotope to lose one-half of its neutrons
E)the time it takes for one-half of the sample to decay

Question 22

What is the radioactive particle released in the following nuclear equation? Sr → Y + ?

A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)positron
D)proton
E)neutron

Question 23

A wooden object from a prehistoric site has a carbon-14 activity of 10 cpm compared to 40 cpm for new wood.If carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 yr,what is the age of the wood?

A)1430 yr
B)5730 yr
C)11 500 yr
D)17 200 yr
E)22 900 yr

Question 24

What does the ? represent in the bombardment equation of nitrogen-14? N + ? → C + H

A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)gamma ray
D)proton
E)neutron

Question 25

A patient receives 4 × mrad of iodine-131,which emits β-particles.If the factor that adjusts for biological damage is 1 for β-particles,how many rems did the patient receive?

A)4
B)0.4
C)0.3
D)2
E)40

Question 26

What is the radioactive particle released in the following nuclear equation? W → Hf + ?

A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)gamma ray
D)proton
E)neutron

Question 27

The SI unit used to measure the activity of a radioactive sample is called the ________.

A)rad
B)gray
C)sievert
D)rem
E)Bq

Question 28

When aluminum-27 is bombarded with a neutron,a gamma ray is emitted.What radioactive isotope is produced?

A)silicon-27
B)silicon-28
C)aluminum-28
D)magnesium-27
E)magnesium-28

Question 29

The nuclear symbol that completes the equation is a(n)________. Fe + ? → Fe

A)proton
B)neutron
C)gamma ray
D)beta particle
E)alpha particle

Question 30

A person begins to suffer radiation sickness at an exposure level of ________.

A)25 rem
B)5 rem
C)500 rem
D)100 rem
E)600 rem

Question 31

Iodine-123,which is used for diagnostic imaging in the thyroid,has a half-life of 13 h.If 50.0 mg of I-123 were prepared at 8:00 A.M.on Monday,how many mg remain at 10:00 A.M.on the following day?

A)50.0 mg
B)25.0 mg
C)12.5 mg
D)6.25 mg
E)3.13 mg

Question 32

The nuclear reaction Sn → Sb + ? is an example of ________.

A)fusion
B)fission
C)gamma emission
D)alpha decay
E)beta decay

Question 33

A patient receives 10 mrad of gamma radiation.If the factor that adjusts for biological damage for for gamma radiation is 1,how many mrems did the patient receive?

A)2 mrem
B)5 mrem
C)10 mrem
D)20 mrem
E)200 mrem

Question 34

The nuclear symbol that completes the equation is a(n)________. N → C + ?

A)proton
B)neutron
C)positron
D)beta particle
E)alpha particle

Question 35

One symptom of mild radiation sickness is ________.

A)a lowered white cell count
B)a raised white cell count
C)a lowered red blood cell count
D)a raised red blood cell count
E)a white cell count of zero

Question 36

The nuclear symbol that completes the equation is a(n)________. Am + ? → Bk + n

A)proton
B)neutron
C)gamma ray
D)beta particle
E)alpha particle

Question 37

The SI unit used to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by a gram of material is called the ________.

A)gray
B)sievert
C)curie
D)rem
E)Bq

Question 38

The SI unit used to measure the biological effect of radiation sample is called the ________.

A)rad
B)curie
C)sievert
D)rem
E)Bq

Question 39

Krypton-79 has a half-life of 35 h.How many half-lives have passed after 105 h?

A)1 half-life
B)2 half-lives
C)3 half-lives
D)4 half-lives
E)5 half-lives

Question 40

A patient has a chest X-ray and receives 0.2 mSv of radiation.How many mrems did the patient receive?

A)0.002 mrem
B)2 mrem
C)20 mrem
D)200 mrem
E)2000 mrem

Question 41

Why is it important that radioisotopes used in diagnostic tests have short half-lives?

A)These radioisotopes have a greater activity so they are easier to monitor.
B)This minimizes the harmful side effects of the radiation.
C)This is necessary so the radioisotopes will have high energy.
D)These radioisotopes are less expensive.
E)These radioisotopes are more abundant in nature.

Question 42

When an atom of uranium-235 is bombarded with neutrons,it splits into smaller nuclei and produces a great amount of energy.This nuclear process is called ________.

A)fission
B)fusion
C)decomposition
D)chain reaction
E)ionization

Question 43

The shielding required for gamma rays is ________.

Question 44

An imaging technique in which a computer monitors the degree of absorption of X-ray beams is known as ________.

A)positron emission tomography (PET)
B)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C)computed tomography (CT)
D)radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)
E)a scan

Question 45

Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 h.How many hours is three half-lives?

A)60 h
B)45 h
C)30 h
D)15 h
E)7.5 h

Question 46

The most widely used medical isotope in nuclear medicine is ________.

A)Tc-99m
B)I-131
C)P-32
D)I-125
E)Co-60

Question 47

A radiation lab orders 64 μCi of P-32.After 42.9 days the activity of the sample is 8.0 μCi.What is the half-life of P-32?

A)7.15 days
B)14.3 days
C)28.6 days
D)42.9 days
E)85.8 days

Question 48

In alpha emission,the atomic number ________.

Question 49

In the sun,nuclei of hydrogen combine to form a larger nucleus and release a great amount of energy.The process is known as ________.

A)fission
B)fusion
C)metathesis
D)chain reaction
E)ionization

Question 50

An imaging technique that detects the energy absorbed by hydrogen atoms in a magnetic field is known as ________.

A)positron emission tomography (PET)
B)computed tomography (CT)
C)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D)radioactive tracer study
E)supermagnetic tomography (SMT)

Question 51

Iron-59 has a half-life of 44 days.A radioactive sample has an activity of 0.64 mBq.What is the activity of the sample after 88 days?

A)1.28 mBq
B)0.64 mBq
C)0.32 mBq
D)0.16 mBq
E)0080 mBq

Question 52

Iodine 131 has a half-life of 8.0 days.An I-131 sample has an initial activity of 32 mCi.What is the activity after 24 days?

A)96 mCi
B)16.mCi
C)8.0 mCi
D)4.0 mCi
E)2.0 mCi

Question 53

In beta emission,the atomic number ________.

Question 54

The dosage of technetium-99m for myocardial imaging is 280 μCi/kg of body weight.How many mCi should be given to a patient weighing 65 kg?

A)0.0043 mCi
B)4.3 mCi
C)18 mCi
D)230 mCi
E)1.8 × mCi

Question 55

A sample of cerium-141 for a diagnostic test was dissolved in saline solution to an activity of 4.5 millicuries/mL.If the patient undergoing the test needs a dose of 10 millicuries,how much of the solution should be injected into the patient?

A)45 mL
B).45 mL
C)2.2 mL
D)22 mL
E)4.5 mL

Question 56

The half-life of bromine-74 is 25 min.How much of a 4.0 mg sample is still active after 75 min?

A)0.50 mg
B)1.0 mg
C)2.0 mg
D)0.25 mg
E)4.0 mg

Question 57

A patient receives 3.0 mL of a solution containing technetium-99m for a breast image.If the activity of the technetium-99m is 9.5 mCi/mL,what is the dose received by the patient?

A)3.2 mCi
B)29 mCi
C)320 μCi
D)9.5 mCi
E)28.5 mCi

Question 58

The recommended dosage of I-131 for a test is 4.2 μCi per kg of body mass.How many millicuries should be given to a 55 kg patient? (1 mCi = 1000 μCi)?

A)230 mCi
B)0.23 mCi
C)0.076 mCi
D)760 mCi
E)13.8 mCi

Question 59

A sample of I-131 decays from 12 microcuries to 3.0 microcuries in 16 days.What is the half-life of I-131?

A)16 days
B)8.0 days
C)32 days
D)64 days
E)4.0 days

Question 60

One symbol for the beta particle is β.Another symbol for the same particle is ________.

Question 61

One mCi of a radioactive substance emits more radiation than one μCi of the same substance.

Question 62

There are ________ microcuries in one millicurie.

Question 63

The common unit of radioactivity which is used to measure the biological damage is the ________.

Question 64

The splitting of a large nucleus into smaller nuclei is called nuclear ________.

Question 65

During alpha emission,the atomic number decreases.

Question 66

When Ra-226 undergoes alpha decay,an atom of lead is also produced.

Question 67

One symptom of radiation sickness is an increased production of red blood cells.

Question 68

U + n → ________ + Kr + 3 n + energy

Question 69

If a neutron is lost from a nucleus,the atomic number ________.

Question 70

The radioisotope used as a diagnostic tool to measure thyroid function is ________.

Question 71

When a positron is emitted,the atomic number stays the same.

Question 72

X-rays are generated by the nucleus during radioactive decay.

Question 73

The production of nitrogen-13 and a neutron from boron-10 by bombardment with a helium-4 nucleus is an example of radioactive decay.

Question 74

After two half-lives,the radioactivity of a sample is ________ of its original activity.

Question 75

The time needed for a radioactive sample to decay to one-half of its original activity is called the ________.

Question 76

The diagnostic imaging technique that depends on magnetic fields and radio waves,not radioactivity,is called ________.

Question 77

Exposure to radiation is unavoidable because some radioactive elements occur naturally.

Question 78

When beta particles are emitted,the atomic number decreases.

Question 79

The combination of H-3 and H-2 to give He-4 and a neutron is called nuclear ________.

Question 80

The correct symbol for hydrogen-3 is He.