Deck 8: Growth, Measurement, and Nutrition

Question 1

Gender-specific skeletal differences first occur during:

A) the second stage of fetal development.
B) late infancy.
C) early childhood.
D) adolescence.

Answer 1

adolescence.

Question 2

After 50 years of age, stature:

A) becomes fixed.
B) begins a barely perceptible secondary increase.
C) increases at a rate of 0.5 cm/year.
D) declines.

Answer 2

declines.

Question 3

By 10 to 12 years of age, lymphatic tissues are about:

A) 25% of adult size.
B) 50% of adult size.
C) the same as adult size.
D) twice the size of those in the adult.

Answer 3

twice the size of those in the adult.

Question 4

To measure head circumference, the tape is wrapped snugly around the child's head at the occipital protuberance and the:

A) supraorbital prominence.
B) brow line.
C) nasal bridge.
D) chin.

Question 5

Optimal infant birth weight is difficult for pregnant adolescents to obtain because:

A) they have not completed their own growth spurt.
B) there are insufficient uterine supporting structures.
C) the amniotic fluid is variable in pregnant adolescents.
D) blood volume has not reached adult proportions.

Question 6

Between 5 and 24 months of life, the infant's chest circumference is normally:

A) about equal to the head circumference.
B) greater than head circumference by 2 inches.
C) smaller than head circumference by about 4 inches.
D) at least 2 inches smaller than head circumference.

Question 7

During a preventive healthcare visit, Ms. G, an older patient, states that she is getting shorter. She says that her son mentioned that her change in stature became noticeable to him during his last visit with her. Her posture appears straight and aligned. When addressing Ms. G.'s present concerns, it is most important to inquire about:

A) the number of pregnancies.
B) her parents' heights.
C) a history of scoliosis.
D) her usual height and weight.

Question 8

Infants born to the same parents are normally within which range of weight of each other?

A) 6 ounces
B) 12 ounces
C) 1 pound
D) 2 pounds

Question 9

Milestone achievements are data most likely to appear in the history of:

A) adolescents.
B) infants.
C) school-age children.
D) young adults.

Question 10

The rate of weight gain during pregnancy is expected to be:

A) greatest in the first trimester.
B) greatest in the second trimester.
C) greatest in the third trimester.
D) about the same in each trimester.

Question 11

Skeletal mass and organ systems double in size during:

A) infancy.
B) early childhood.
C) adolescence.
D) early adulthood.

Question 12

Mrs. Layton is a 33-year-old patient who is obese. Most adult obesity begins:

A) in adolescence.
B) in childhood.
C) after the skeletal growth is completed.
D) once sexual maturation is complete.

Question 13

Developmental changes of puberty are caused mainly by the interaction of the pituitary gland, gonads, and:

A) hypothalamus.
B) islet cells.
C) thalamus.
D) thymus.

Question 14

During adolescence, the head size normally increases as a result of:

A) sinus development.
B) brain mass increase.
C) evolution of lymphatic tissue.
D) hypertrophy of myelin.

Question 15

How much of the weight gained during a normal pregnancy is accounted for by the fetus?

A) Less than 5 pounds
B) 6 to 8 pounds
C) 9 to 12 pounds
D) 13 to 30 pounds

Question 16

The gonads begin to secrete estrogen and testosterone during:

A) infancy.
B) puberty.
C) pregnancy.
D) early adulthood.

Question 17

Healthy term babies generally double their birth weight by what age?

A) 3 months
B) 5 months
C) 9 months
D) 12 months

Question 18

The legs are the fastest growing body part during:

A) early infancy.
B) late infancy.
C) childhood.
D) early adulthood.

Question 19

To estimate an individual's frame size, the examiner should measure:

A) skull circumference.
B) the length from the olecranon process to the acromion process.
C) elbow breadth.
D) hip circumference.

Question 20

Over the past 2 decades, there has been a trend toward:

A) increased osteoporosis.
B) preservation of height.
C) obesity in older adults.
D) preservation of muscle mass.

Question 21

Infants normally increase their birth length by ____% during the first year of life.

Question 22

Mrs. Hartzell is a 34-year-old patient who has presented for nutritional counseling because she is a vegetarian. Deficiency of which of the following is a concern in the vegetarian diet?

A) Ascorbic acid
B) Vitamin B12
C) Folate
D) Fiber

Question 23

Ms. Davis is a 27-year-old patient with a BMI of 33. Based on her BMI, your diagnosis would be:

A) normal body weight.
B) overweight.
C) obese.
D) extremely obese.

Question 24

An 11-year-old boy is brought in for an annual physical examination by his mother. The boy's height is 60 inches. You suspect Marfan syndrome because the boy's arm span is greater than _______________ inches.

Question 25

Which of the following is the most accurate reflection of an individual's food intake?

A) 24-hour diet recall
B) Food diary
C) Computerized nutrient analysis
D) Serum protein assay

Question 26

A pregnant woman of normal prepregnancy weight should be expected to gain how much weight per week during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy?

A) 1 pound
B) 3 pounds
C) 2 pounds
D) 4 pounds

Question 27

Which statement regarding female pubertal changes is true?

A) Most adolescent girls will develop breasts before they develop pubic hair.
B) Peak height velocity should occur after menarche.
C) Breast asymmetry is an abnormal finding.
D) Menarche should occur by Tanner breast stage 2.

Question 28

Which is the most vital nutrient?

A) Protein
B) Carbohydrate
C) Fat
D) Water

Question 29

What is the youngest age at which pubic hair growth in the male may be considered normal?

A) 7 years
B) 8 years
C) 9 years
D) 10 years

Question 30

In clinical practice, the Ballard Assessment Tool is used to assess a newborn's:

A) length.
B) weight.
C) lung maturity.
D) gestational age.

Question 31

A prominent forehead, large nose, large jaw, and elongation of the facial bones and extremities are signs of:

A) infantile hydrocephalus.
B) acromegaly.
C) Cushing syndrome.
D) achondroplasia.

Question 32

Which are signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus? (Select all that apply.)

A) Early closed suture lines
B) Hyperreflexia Y
C) Irritable, poor feeding Y
D) Does not meet expected height and weight
E) Difficulty holding head up Y
F) Rapidly increasing head circumference Y

Question 33

Mrs. Raymonds is a 24-year-old patient who has presented for a routine concern over her current weight. In your patient teaching with her, you explain the importance of macronutrients. Which of the following is a macronutrient?

A) Iron
B) Thiamin
C) Calcium
D) Fat

Question 34

Round face, preauricular fat, hyperpigmentation, and "buffalo hump" in the posterior cervical area are associated with:

A) infantile hydrocephalus.
B) acromegaly.
C) Cushing syndrome.
D) achondroplasia.

Question 35

The term large for gestational age (LGA) indicates that an infant is larger than ____% of infants born at the same number of weeks' gestation.

Question 36

Which situation poses the most concern?

A) The child whose weight and height ratios have remained at the 50th percentile
B) The child whose weight and height ratios have stayed between the 90th and 95th percentiles
C) The child whose weight and height ratios have never been above the 50th percentile
D) The child whose weight and height ratios have dropped 15 percentiles since the last visit

Question 37

Ms. Otten is a 45-year-old patient who presents with a complaint of weight gain. Which medication is frequently associated with weight gain?

A) Diuretics
B) Oral hypoglycemics
C) Laxatives
D) Steroids

Question 38

A 17-year-old girl presents to the clinic for a sports physical. Physical examination findings reveal bradycardia, multiple erosions of tooth enamel, and scars on her knuckles. She appears healthy otherwise. You should ask her if she:

A) binges and vomits.
B) has regular menstrual periods.
C) has constipation frequently.
D) is cold intolerant.

Question 39

The upper-to-lower segment ratio should be calculated:

A) bimonthly for the first year of life.
B) annually for the first 5 years.
C) only when a child is suspected of having a growth problem or unusual body proportions.
D) in children of first-generation immigrants.