Deck 2: Perception

Question 1

Where an item is located and how it might be acted upon in space is processed in the _______ pathway.

A)visual
B)dorsal
C)ventral
D)caudal

Answer 1

dorsal

Question 2

Perceptions are formed by ______________ processing.

A)bottom-up
B)bottom-up and top-down
C)passive and active
D)internal

Answer 2

bottom-up and top-down

Question 3

Perceptions are _________ of what we see.

A)mental copies
B)interpretations
C)mental images
D)neural codes

Answer 3

interpretations

Question 4

To process detail,you need a _________ receptive field.

A)large
B)medium
C)center-surround
D)small

Question 5

Ultimately,our perceptions lead to ____________.

A)recognition
B)attention
C)action
D)awareness

Question 6

If you see three pairs of two lines to the left,you are likely engaged in ___________ processing.

A)internal
B)active
C)top-down
D)bottom-up

Question 7

An experiment in which a kitten is placed in an environment with only vertical lines for a period of time and then has difficulty moving about an environment with only horizontal lines demonstrates ______________.

A)the importance of the environment
B)the importance of research ethics
C)the importance of a critical period
D)the importance of both vertical and horizontal lines

Question 8

Which set below is in the proper order for visual processing?

A)retina,optic nerve,LGN
B)LGN,optic nerve,V1
C)ganglion cells,photoreceptors,LGN
D)optic nerve,striate cortex,ganglion cells

Question 9

A light and dark bar are side by side.When you look at the bars,a portion of the light bar looks lighter next to the dark bar and a portion of the dark bar looks darker next to the light bar.This phenomenon is referred to a _____________.

A)lateral inhibition
B)ganglion interactions
C)edge detection
D)Mach bands

Question 10

Perception provides information concerning __________ and _________.

A)what,how
B)where,how
C)what,when
D)what,where

Question 11

In vision,the dorsal pathway::ventral pathway as _____________.

A)frontal lobes::temporal lobes
B)occipital lobes::parietal lobes
C)LGN::striate cortex
D)parietal lobes::temporal lobes

Question 12

Our interpretations of the world are influenced by our ___________ and __________.

A)bottom-up,top-down processing
B)motivation,goals
C)environment,experience
D)biological structure,experience

Question 13

____________ processes are driven by sensory information while __________ processes are driven by knowledge,beliefs,expectations,and goals.

A)External,internal
B)Bottom-up,top-down
C)Top-down,bottom-up
D)Passive,active

Question 14

Processing part of a sensory input for additional details at the expense of others parts involves ________________.

A)search
B)signal separation
C)selective attention
D)shifting where you are looking

Question 15

Sensory information from all modalities appears to ________________.

A)be processed equally
B)compete for cortical resources
C)be processed serially with vision first
D)be processed according to "first in - first out"

Question 16

If you see six vertical lines to the left,you are likely engaged in __________ processing.

A)top-down
B)external
C)bottom-up
D)passive

Question 17

Recognition and identification of an object occurs in the ________ pathway.

A)visual
B)superior
C)ventral
D)dorsal

Question 18

______________ refers to a cell that responds to a certain area in the physical world at a particular moment.

A)Visual field
B)Receptive field
C)Ganglion
D)Receptor

Question 19

A collection of photoreceptors organized in such a way that a light excites the photoreceptors in the middle but inhibits photoreceptors toward the outside is also known as a(n)___________.

A)basic receptive field
B)excitatory receptive field
C)center-surround receptive field
D)complex receptive field

Question 20

When we search for an object,we only see fine details ________________.

A)up close
B)at fixation
C)at the center of the scene
D)they are important to us

Question 21

Part of the visual pathway that is easy to recognize because it looks like an "X" is the ________.

A)lateral geniculate nucleus
B)superior colliculus
C)optic tract
D)optic chiasm

Question 22

Akinetopsia is also known as _____________.

A)cortical color blindness
B)prosopagnosia
C)motion deficit syndrome
D)motion blindness

Question 23

Grouping principles were discovered by _________________.

A)Tichner
B)Gestalt psychologists
C)Wundt
D)functionalist psychologists

Question 24

_____________ explains why these dots are seen as three rows of three dots.

A)Good continuation
B)Similarity
C)Uniform connectedness
D)Proximity

Question 25

Damage to this area of the extrastriate cortex results in akinetopsia.

A)V2
B)V4
C)V5
D)V1

Question 26

Template-matching models :: Feature-matching models as

A)part :: whole
B)pattern :: corresponding
C)whole :: part
D)identical :: characteristic

Question 27

Research has shown that there are neurons in the visual cortex that are tuned to all of the following visual features except ______________.

A)color
B)shape
C)letters
D)eyes of a face

Question 28

Why might you perceive this as an O instead of a C?

A)good continuation
B)closure
C)uniform connectedness
D)familiarity

Question 29

Achromatopsia results from damage to _______.

A)V2
B)V4
C)V5
D)V1

Question 30

If you are diagnosing someone with potential agnosia,you need to rule out __________.

A)cortical damage
B)damage to the sense organs
C)environmental conditions
D)genetic factors

Question 31

John had a stroke.After the stroke he reported only being able to see a series of still images - no fluid motion.You order an MRI to look for damage to area _______.

A)V1
B)V5
C)V2
D)V4

Question 32

Agnosia results from damage to ____________.

A)sensory organs
B)part of the brain
C)sensory nerves
D)the spinal cord

Question 33

After a stroke,Steve is unable to recognize his wife's face can but recognize her by her voice.Steve's inability to recognize his wife's face may be due to ____________.

A)selective memory loss
B)multi-sensory interference
C)post-stroke syndrome
D)visual agnosia

Question 34

Sometimes you can see a shape that is not really present because your visual system fills in parts of the shape.When this happens,we see a(n)_____________.

A)pseudo-shape
B)subjective illusion
C)illusory context
D)subjective contour

Question 35

Recognizing a golden retriever,poodle,and husky as dogs represents ___________.

A)template matching
B)viewpoint dependence
C)exemplar variation
D)feature matching

Question 36

Which Gestalt grouping principle explains why the nine dots to the left look like three columns of three dots each?

A)good continuation
B)similarity
C)uniform connectedness
D)proximity

Question 37

Cells in the visual cortex that are organized according to their sensitivity to certain aspects of a visual feature are referred to as ______________.

A)receptive fields
B)hypercolumns
C)extrastriate cortex
D)V1

Question 38

The tilt aftereffect is an example in which some cells are __________ in order to provide evidence for the type of information processed by other cells.

A)removed
B)excited
C)inhibited
D)fatigued

Question 39

Objects that are occluded are seen as __________ objects.

A)complete
B)unrecognizable
C)fragmented
D)missing

Question 40

Mark sustained a head injury during a car accident.After the accident,Mark had no memory of color.He is most likely suffering from which of the following?

A)akinestopia
B)amnesia
C)achromatopsia
D)agnosia

Question 41

Describing a suspicious person as having eyes too close together is consistent with which model of object recognition?

A)template-matching models
B)configural models
C)feature-matching models
D)recognition-by-components model

Question 42

Illusions of brightness and size show us that _________ can influence our perceptions.

A)confusion
B)errors
C)context
D)uncertainty

Question 43

Face recognition has been linked to what area in the brain?

A)fusiform gyrus
B)central sulcus
C)thalamus
D)medial temporal area

Question 44

________________ use information from previous experiences to make inferences about the environment.

A)Bayesian approaches
B)Context effects
C)Superiority effects
D)Network feedback models

Question 45

Network feedback models include ______________.

A)recognition monitoring
B)confirmation monitoring
C)parallel processing
D)bottom-up and top-down processing

Question 46

Neural evidence supports the idea that the visual perception is an interactive system since __________ sends more projects back to _________ than it receives.

A)V2,V1
B)the fusiform gyrus,V2
C)V1,LGN
D)inferior temporal cortex,V2

Question 47

If you visit a plastic surgeon to discuss a nose job,you should look at pictures of different noses on a face instead of pictures of individual noses because of the ___________.

A)face superiority effect
B)face perception adaptation
C)size illusion
D)interactive processing

Question 48

Configural models take into account ______________.

A)the types of geons present
B)spatial relations
C)viewpoints
D)feature matching

Question 49

_______________ processing is determined by information from the external environment.

A)Bottom-up
B)Top-down
C)Middle-out
D)Network

Question 50

__________ are simple three-dimensional geometric shapes that are combined to form the objects we see.

A)Icons
B)Cubicles
C)Vertices
D)Geons

Question 51

The four types of models of object recognition include all of the following except __________.

A)template-matching models
B)recognition-by-context models
C)feature-matching models
D)configural models

Question 52

Bottom-up and top-down processing tend to _______________.

A)be processed serially
B)be modular
C)be processed in parallel
D)interact

Question 53

With the face-vase illusion,it is impossible to see _________________.

A)the face and vase simultaneously
B)the vase
C)the face
D)alternating faces and vase

Question 54

Geons are ________________.

A)viewpoint dependent
B)viewpoint invariant
C)configural models
D)templates

Question 55

There are two young children.One lives on a farm and has seen dogs,cats,horses,cows,and pigs.The other child lives in the suburbs and has only seen different types of dogs.If both children are shown a new breed of dog that they had no prior exposure to,according to Bayes's theorem,which child would recognize the new animal as a dog faster?

A)the child from the suburbs
B)it depends on motor ability
C)neither child would have an advantage
D)the child from the farm

Question 56

The _________________ is active during the spontaneous reversals of ambiguous figures.

A)posterior parietal cortex
B)ventral extrastriate cortex
C)prefrontal cortex
D)ventral temporal cortex

Question 57

______________ processing is guided by knowledge,beliefs,goals,and expectations.

A)Top-down
B)Network
C)Middle-out
D)Bottom-up

Question 58

The face-vase illusion is an example of _____________.

A)a size illusion
B)adaptation
C)bistable perception
D)figure-ground

Question 59

The Necker cube is an example of __________________.

A)a size illusion
B)adaptation
C)bistable perception
D)figure-ground

Question 60

Prosopagnosia refers to the inability to recognize different ________________.

A)objects
B)colors
C)geons
D)faces

Question 61

Describe how the visual system detects edges.

Question 62

Briefly explain how the feature net model of word recognition accounts for the word superiority effect.

Question 63

Gracie had a stroke which damaged part of her parietal lobe.With which perceptual function is Gracie most likely to experience difficulties?

A)locating objects
B)binocular rivalry
C)bistable perception
D)recognizing objects

Question 64

The difference between the "what" and "where" pathways provide (a)______________.

A)double dissociation
B)independent perceptual paths
C)dual processing system
D)binocular rivalry

Question 65

Describe the binding problem.

Question 66

The physical context of a stimulus is not the only thing that can influence perception.What are some other factors that can influence how we perceive objects? Give an example.

Question 67

Distinguish between bottom-up and top-down processing.

Question 68

The Rubin face-vase illusion is an example of a(n)_______________.

A)ambiguous figure
B)bottom-up processing
C)binocular rivalry
D)Dutch impressionism

Question 69

Spatial processing relies on the ________ pathway.

A)occipital
B)temporal
C)ventral
D)dorsal

Question 70

An object that is occluded can still be recognized.Explain why we can still recognize an object that is occluded.Also describe a potential perceptual error that can arise when something is occluded.

Question 71

Briefly describe two reasons why sensory input is often ambiguous.

Question 72

A current debate in visual perception is whether or not perception occurs as a result of a number of specialized subsystems or if it is the result of a single general-purpose recognition system.Present evidence that supports both sides of this debate.Which side of the debate do you favor? Explain your decision

Question 73

Colinearity was described in your text as a special case of relatability.What is relatability and why is it important for grouping and perceiving contours in the world?

Question 74

Object recognition processing relies on the ________ pathway.

A)dorsal
B)parietal
C)ventral
D)occipital

Question 75

Apraxia refers to the inability to ________________.

A)describe objects from memory
B)report orientation of objects
C)judge the form of objects
D)make voluntary movements

Question 76

Apperceptive agnosia refers to the inability to _________________.

A)judge the form of objects
B)resolve bistable images
C)locate objects in space
D)know what to do with an object

Question 77

Ventral pathway :: dorsal pathway as __________________.

A)location :: recognition
B)where :: what
C)competition :: adaptation
D)what :: where

Question 78

Describe two ways in which visual processing is narrowed to eliminate the problem of having too much sensory information to process at any given time.

Question 79

George had a stroke which damaged part of his temporal lobe.With which perceptual function is George most likely to experience difficulties?

A)locating objects
B)binocular rivalry
C)bistable perception
D)recognizing objects

Question 80

You suspect that an individual,who is having difficulty describing the forms and shapes of objects,has apperceptive agnosia.You want to conduct an MRI to determine if,in fact,damage to the brain has occurred.Considering you think she has apperceptive agnosia,what part of the brain would you look at first?

A)visual cortex
B)ventral pathway
C)LGN
D)dorsal pathway