Deck 14: Successful Aging and Creativity

Question 1

In a national survey in the U.S., researchers observed a gap of approximately ___% between the extent of memory loss that older adults actually experienced compared to what younger adults thought would occur.

A) 32
B) 66
C) 5
D) 14

Answer 1

A

Question 2

An older adult who is living on a tight income and has to economize on the essentials of daily living should, according to the _______________, also have low levels of happiness and life satisfaction.

A) paradox of well-being
B) social indicator model
C) demographic hypothesis
D) resilience perspective

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In a test of predictors of successful aging, a study on the Women's Health Initiative sample showed that _____________ had the greatest influence.

A) resilience and optimism
B) number of physical symptoms
C) cognitive performance
D) number of children

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A large-scale study of retired European adults led researchers to critique the Rowe and Kahn model because it showed that ______________ were important contributors to successful aging.

A) childhood social class and income
B) health and disability
C) religious beliefs
D) social support

Question 5

The Women's Health Initiative study on sexuality showed that sexual satisfaction was related to:

A) age of self and partner.
B) successful aging in general.
C) amount of physical exercise.
D) actual sexual activity.

Question 6

In a large cohort-sequential study of two large European national surveys, researchers found that at the very end of life, aging seems related to ______________ in life satisfaction:

A) gradual increases
B) continued stability
C) a fall then a rise
D) a steady descent

Question 7

A large analysis of studies on age, brain function, and cognitive performance supported the propositions of which perspective?

A) Ecological
B) Neural fallout
C) Plasticity
D) Cortical thickness

Question 8

Critics of the Rowe and Kahn model of successful aging contend that it is overly focused on:

A) spirituality.
B) physical health.
C) social class.
D) subjective well-being.

Question 9

Compared to subjective well-being as a way to understand factors predicting successful aging, life satisfaction places heavier emphasis on:

A) cognitions.
B) happiness.
C) emotions.
D) affect.

Question 10

The WHO model of active aging places emphasis on which personal factors?

A) Need for acommodations due to disability
B) Gender roles and expectations.
C) Autonomy and independence
D) Cultural attitudes toward older adults.

Question 11

Unlike predictors of cardiovascular performance in younger adults, high levels of which substance seem to protect older adults from neurocognitive disorders?

A) Triglycerides
B) Low-density lipoprotein
C) Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
D) C-reactive protein

Question 12

The Rowe and Kahn definition of successful aging proposes that absence of ____________ is a component of successful aging.

A) pessimism
B) neuroticism
C) disease
D) worries

Question 13

Studies of successful aging fit into the perspective known as _______________ psychology, which attempts to understand people's strengths and virtues.

A) psychoanalytic
B) subjective
C) behavioral
D) positive

Question 14

According to the Pew Research Center study of well-being, young adults wrongly believed that the experience of aging would most likely affect which aspect of life in adults 65 and older?

A) Desire to help others
B) Enjoyment of retirement
C) Cognitive functioning
D) Being able to get around

Question 15

The results of a large cohort-sequential study of life satisfaction across the adult years seemed to contradict the findings of which theory?

A) Social indicator model
B) Socioemotional selectivity
C) Social comparison
D) Equal odds rule

Question 16

A study of successful aging in the Health and Retirement Study lends support to critics of the Rowe and Kahn model because although approximately 80% of the sample had no disability at the start of the study, a considerable proportion (37-40%) had _____________ at the final point of data collection.

A) stopped working.
B) lost their spouses.
C) cognitive deficits.
D) some form of disability.

Question 17

The "Superagers" identified in an MRI study on memory and brain structure showed that those with better memories had the most cortical volume in which region?

A) Occipital cortex
B) Hypothalamus
C) Cingulate cortex
D) Hippocampus

Question 18

The WHO model of successful aging is most similar to which developmental model in including the influence of broad social factors?

A) Piagetian's cognitive theory
B) Bronfenbrenner's ecological perspective
C) Schaie's most efficient design
D) Erikson's psychosocial theory

Question 19

According to the paradox of well-being, older adults who are objectively have a number of chronic illness should also appear psychologically to have:

A) poor mental health.
B) high levels of neuroticism.
C) poor cognitive functioning.
D) high levels of happiness.

Question 20

Which "Age Buster" was known for saying "Too many people, when they get old, think that they have to live by the calendar"?

A) Betty White
B) Gordie Howe __
C) John Glenn
D) Olga Kotelko

Question 21

In everyday life, a person might express creativity in activities such as:

A)shopping.
B) cooking.
C) driving.
D) paying bills.

Question 22

Creativity with a "mini-C" refers to what type of behavior in everyday life?

A) scrapbooking and collecting.
B) buying works of art.
C) having a sense of humor.
D) gaining self-understanding.

Question 23

Among older adults from non-white racial and ethnic groups, especially those with low levels of education who are in poor health, the process of ________________ seems to explain the fact that their self-ratings of health are relatively high.

A) set point
B) identity commitment
C) social comparison
D) creative potential

Question 24

What correction did Dennis make in calculating the relationship between age and productivity?

A) Eliminated all cases of "one-hit wonders."
B) Disregarded the first 20 years of the career.
C) Took the quality of productivity into account.
D) Only included individuals living until 80.

Question 25

Because he used ___________ rather than chronological age, Simonton's model provides a better estimate of an individual's chance of being productive in late life.

A) cohort
B) career age
C) time of measurement
D) subjective age

Question 26

The Planck hypothesis proposes that peak scientific productivity occurs during which period of life?

A) Young-old age
B) Middle adulthood
C) Early adulthood
D) Old-old age

Question 27

Research on life satisfaction and personality on German emerging adults suggests that _____________ influences people's levels of well-being throughout across adulthood.

A) flexibility
B) neuroticism
C) self-esteem
D) extraversion

Question 28

Studies of the neuroscience of creativity examine brain scans while individuals are involved in such cognitive tasks as:

A) thinking of analogies.
B) completing puzzles.
C) memorizing pictures.
D) sorting cards.

Question 29

Studies of the neuroscience of creativity use a task in which the individual is asked to think about alternative uses of common objects, also called:

A) openness to experience
B) conceptual expansion
C) cognitive adaptability
D) metaphoric reasoning

Question 30

Studies linking personal disposition of openness to experience and activity in the ____________ of the brain suggest that there may be, in part, a biological component to creativity.

A) cerebellum
B) frontal lobe
C) limbic system
D) corpus callosum

Question 31

People high in __________, according to Simonton, should be able to produce creative works well into old age as long as they remain alive.

A) openness to experiment
B) creative potential
C) cognitive flexibility
D) subjective well-being

Question 32

A composer who provides an example of the _____________ was Verdi, who continued to write a large number of pieces of music even at the end of his career, increasing his chances of producing a masterpiece in old age.

A) set point perspective
B) paradox of well-being
C) equal odds rule
D) Swan song

Question 33

Somewhat surprisingly, the well-known writer ____________ is technically a "one-hit wonder"

A) Emily Dickinson
B) Margaret Mitchell
C) Anna Marie Robertson
D) Jane Austen

Question 34

One definition of creative ability emphasizes the idea that it is original, has an impact on others and is:

A) pleasing
B) well-liked
C) unusual
D) appropriate.

Question 35

Studies of well-being in older adults suggest that those at the low end of the income scale experience:

A) high levels of self-esteem.
B) good overall health.
C) greater risk of depression.
D) closer relations with family.

Question 36

The ____________________ perspective is supported by research showing that personality traits as they change through time affect levels of well-being.

A) social comparison
B) social indicator
C) socioemotional selectivity
D) set point

Question 37

In a large-scale study of well-being across specific domains of life such as health, income, leisure time, housing, and social relations, overall satisfaction with _____________ showed a steep decline in later adulthood.

A) health
B) income
C) social relations
D) housing

Question 38

Research on the neuroscience of creativity contradicts the myth that the _____________ of the brain is involved in creative thinking.

A) parietal lobe
B) limbic system
C) frontal lobe
D) right hemisphere

Question 39

Research on the life story suggests that using _____________ may help older adults cope, at least initially, with late-life losses and disappointments.

A) identity assimilation
B) exploring alternatives
C) social comparison
D) positive emotions

Question 40

The eminent and well-known productive and imaginative individuals are referred to as having the ________ form of creativity.

A) Mini C
B) Big C
C) Regular C
D) Capital C

Question 41

What are the advantages of using career age rather than chronological age in understanding the effects of age on creativity?

Question 42

What factors appear to stimulate the development of old age style?

Question 43

What are the three basic assumptions of Simonton's model of creative productivity?

Question 44

The Pieta Rondanini sculpted by _______________ at the end of his life is an example of the old age style, with its emotional power and lack of attention to detail.

A) Da Vinci
B) Matisse
C) Monet
D) Michelangelo

Question 45

The group of productive older individuals given credit mainly for their contributions to children's literature in studies of aging and creativity consists primarily of:

A) First Nation
B) women.
C) British authors.
D) Blacks.

Question 46

Examples of eminent non-White agers known as _________ play an important role in African American reference works but not in majority counts of productivity and creativity.

A) talented innovators
B) pioneer achievers
C) successful minorities
D) famous firsts

Question 47

Which qualities define the sense of "passionate commitment" among productive older adults?

A) Ability to follow a single path.
B) Support from close friends and family.
C) Desire to overcome adversity.
D) High levels of flexibility and curiosity.

Question 48

The WHO model of active aging places emphasis on which personal factors?

A) Need for accommodations due to disability
B) Gender roles and expectations.
C) Autonomy and independence
D) Cultural attitudes toward older adults.

Question 49

A chief characteristic of the swan song is the fact that it is:

A) written in minor key.
B) intended to be played at funerals.
C) simple and easy to remember.
D) the only composition of a one-hit wonder.

Question 50

Critics of studies on aging and creativity point out that much of the research pays too little attention to:

A) productive individuals who live outside of North America.
B) the creative works of poets, writers, and dramatists.
C) sociocultural factors that advantage certain segments of society.
D) contributions made by artists in the 1800s and early 1900s.

Question 51

As he got older, for the first time in his life, B.F. Skinner wrote a book about:

A) the history of psychoanalysis.
B) a fictional type of utopia.
C) the joys of becoming a grandparent.
D) how to overcome the challenges of aging.

Question 52

What is successful cognitive aging?

Question 53

What factors promote successful aging?

Question 54

In analyzing the productive accomplishments of older Blacks, Simonton discovered that most of the research left them out because of failure to consider areas such as _______ in measuring productivity:

A) law
B) finance
C) art
D) politics

Question 55

What are the three components of successful aging according to Rowe and Kahn definition?

Question 56

Describe three characteristics of the old age style.

Question 57

Increases in longevity may contribute to the greater productivity of older creative individuals by allowing them more:

A) opportunities to travel.
B) interaction with their children.
C) resources for collaboration.
D) time to be by themselves.

Question 58

The quality of __________________ in the work of older artists applies to creative work that persists over time.

A) creative potential
B) old age style
C) swan song
D) lastingness

Question 59

The development of ____________ late in life led Monet to change the colors he used to depict scenes from nature.

A) cataracts
B) arthritis
C) cardiovascular disease
D) depression

Question 60

How does the Rowe and Kahn definition of successful aging differ from the WHO model of active aging?

Question 61

Review the criticisms of the Rowe and Kahn model and how they were addressed by researchers.

Question 62

How would you define creativity with a lower-case "c"?

Question 63

Did creative geniuses who experienced difficulties in old age, such as Picasso, Matisse, and O'Keeffe fit psychology's definition of "successful aging"? Why or why not?

Question 64

How does the WHO concept of active aging differ from the Rowe and Kahn definition?

Question 65

Provide an example from your own experience of the "old age style." Indicate the nature of the work, why you think it exemplifies the old age style, and the factors that may have led to its creation.

Question 66

How might creativity be expressed at the end of life in an "ordinary" older person?

Question 67

What are some of the contemporary influences that may impact productivity of the Baby Boomers?