Deck 13: Families and Family Life

Question 1

During the polarizing trend in gender roles that proceeded from industrialization, the process in which women became responsible for emotional and caretaking duties to the exclusion of men has been termed __________.

A) the second shift
B) the female burden
C) instrumentation
D) the feminization of love

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Earl is married and has two children. His spouse and his children comprise his __________.

A) family of orientation
B) family of procreation
C) extended family
D) blended family

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The gender restructuring perspective on family change recognizes that __________ has(have) changed but __________ has(have) not.

A) the structure of jobs and careers; the caretaking needs of families
B) women; men
C) mothers; fathers
D) the caretaking needs of families; the structure of jobs and careers

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In an effort to cope with marital tensions faced by an unequal second shift, Nancy and Evan Holt, the couple described in your text, __________. Hochschild stresses, however, that developing strategies such as this do not-and cannot-change the underlying conditions from which the tensions stem.

A) decided that it was best that Evan pick up a second part-time job
B) determined that Nancy should quit her job and become a stay-at-home mother
C) divided up the household chores between the two of them
D) hired a part-time nanny

Question 5

In China, the eldest son and his wife are expected to live with his parents and obey their authority. China is an example of a __________ society.

A) matrilocal
B) patrilocal
C) polygamous
D) polyamorous

Question 6

Sociologist William Whyte referred to the conformity expected of the __________ in 1950s America.

A) "traditional family"
B) "suburban patriarch"
C) "organization man"
D) "suburban matriarch"

Question 7

The "opt-out revolution" refers to __________.

A) women who balance work and family
B) men who leave the workplace to care for their children
C) women who leave the workplace to care for their children
D) women who reject marriage in favor of alternatives to traditional marriage

Question 8

Anthropologists see families as __________.

A) kinship systems
B) familial networks
C) legal entities
D) inheritance clusters

Question 9

Women are far more likely than men to assume household duties in addition to working full-time jobs, an inequality that Arlie Hochschild has dubbed __________.

A) the second shift
B) the care-work conflict
C) the female burden
D) instrumentation

Question 10

An important argument in favor of diverse family forms, the __________, is ignored by proponents of family decline.

A) freedom to choose in intimate matters
B) devaluation of heterosexual marriage
C) undermining of family bonds needed to raise healthy children
D) weakening of fathers' positions as heads of households

Question 11

__________ define families as groups of people who live together and share biological and/or legal ties.

A) Anthropologists
B) Biologists
C) Historians
D) Demographers

Question 12

The economic restructuring perspective on family change asserts that __________.

A) economic forces have eroded the breadwinner-homemaker family
B) declining morality has eroded the breadwinner-homemaker family
C) social policies should focus on reviving "traditional" marriage to reverse erosion of the breadwinner-homemaker family
D) selfishness and unfettered individualism have eroded the breadwinner-homemaker family

Question 13

Johanna's parents and her two sisters comprise her __________.

A) family of orientation
B) family of procreation
C) extended family
D) blended family

Question 14

One of the liberalizing outcomes of the sexual revolution was the __________.

A) destigmatization of premarital sex
B) resurgence of sexual double standards
C) closeting of gay and other previously hidden relationships
D) rising incidence of AIDS

Question 15

Some residents in low-income neighborhoods create networks of caretaking and financial support with other residents outside kinship bonds, which sociologists call __________.

A) fictive kin
B) substitute family
C) bonded family
D) extended family

Question 16

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild attributes marital tensions that stem from second-shift inequality to women who __________.

A) fail to adjust to their evolving roles
B) feel unappreciated and shortchanged
C) participate, to an excessive degree, in the lives of their children
D) put workplace priorities before at-home priorities

Question 17

In the past two years, Joseph has made and broken intimate bonds with five partners in a pattern of behavior known as __________.

A) polygamy
B) cenogamy
C) serial relationships
D) sexual double standard

Question 18

Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski's study of the Trobriand Islanders observed that __________.

A) uncles performed many of the duties that Western societies associate with fatherhood
B) polygamy was the norm rather than the exception
C) same-sex marriages were as common as heterosexual relationships
D) marriages between cousins and siblings were common among the ruling elite

Question 19

Robert and Sarah both work full-time jobs. They take turns cooking dinner and taking their children to their extracurricular activities. Their relationship can best be described as __________.

A) egalitarian
B) traditional
C) polarized
D) inequitable

Question 20

The rise of the conjugal family unit during the period of rapid industrialization elevated emotional need for love and companionship as criteria for selecting marriage partners over __________.

A) social affability
B) parental approval
C) ethnic group membership
D) religious affiliation

Question 21

Sarah and her family have just moved to a new city hours away from their old home. She has made new friends who have been very supportive and helpful. Her new friend Anna is often called "Aunt Anna" by Sarah's children. In Sarah's scenario, Anna is an example of __________.

A) fictive kin
B) substitute kin
C) bonded kin
D) extended kin

Question 22

Which social class is most likely to engage in "natural growth," according to researcher Annette Lareau?

A) the middle class
B) the working class
C) the working poor
D) the underclass

Question 23

Maria and Manno both work full time. Maria gets off work at 4, picks up her kids from her sister's house, and returns home to start the laundry. She makes dinner for her family and checks her children's homework. Maria's scenario is an example of the housework and care work that sociologists call __________.

A) the second shift
B) the female burden
C) job extension
D) instrumentation

Question 24

Linda's mother has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and Linda has taken leave from her job to care for her. Linda's days consist of cooking and cleaning for her mother, giving her mother her medication, and driving her to doctor's appointments. What kind of work is Linda now engaged in?

A) double-shift work
B) personal-service work
C) care work
D) extended case work

Question 25

The extended time it now takes to complete the transition from adolescence to adulthood is called __________ by some sociologists and __________ by others.

A) second adolescence; delayed adulthood
B) delayed adulthood; the age of independence
C) the age of independence; second adolescence
D) second adolescence; the age of dependence

Question 26

Researcher Sharon Hays (1996) found that standards of intense mothering exist among __________.

A) the upper classes
B) the middle classes
C) first-time parents
D) all social classes

Question 27

Which of the following parts of the world has egalitarian parental supports, providing paid parental leaves, universal day care, and free education regardless of who you are?

A) Scandinavia
B) North America
C) Latin America
D) the Middle East

Question 28

Oscar recently lost his job and is having difficulty obtaining a new one. His wife, Lillian, on the other hand, recently finished her nursing degree after staying at home with the couple's twin daughters and has had numerous job offers. Oscar and Lillian's scenario best aligns with the __________ of family change.

A) family decline perspective
B) economic restructuring perspective
C) gender restructuring perspective
D) family ties perspective

Question 29

In terms of family issues, U.S. social policy stresses __________.

A) egalitarian approaches
B) familial approaches
C) individualistic approaches
D) a holistic approach

Question 30

In 2000, what percentage of children lived in a two-parent household with a working father and a nonworking mother?

A) 10
B) 21
C) 35
D) 47

Question 31

Sociologist Joan Williams argues that workplace antidiscrimination policies need to address family responsibilities for what reason?

A) to end penalties that those who care for others face
B) to protect the rights of the childless
C) to institute the 35-hour workweek
D) to reaffirm family values

Question 32

Who are most likely to work a full day outside the home for pay and perform a second shift of unpaid labor at home?

A) women
B) men
C) newlyweds
D) the elderly

Question 33

After marrying, Kim moved in with her husband's family. She and her husband both work but she is expected to obey the authority of her in-laws. Kim's scenario is indicative of __________ societies.

A) patrilocal
B) matrilocal
C) polygamous
D) polyamorous

Question 34

What is meant by the "sleeper effect" in understanding the consequences of divorce?

A) Children of divorce may not feel its harmful consequences until years after the divorce.
B) Children of divorce have trouble sleeping for years after the divorce.
C) Adults experience a resurgence of love for their divorced spouses for years after their divorces.
D) Adults require sleeping medications for years after their divorces because of persistent depression.

Question 35

The research on divorce indicates that __________.

A) some children benefit from divorce
B) a mother's standard of living increases following a divorce
C) divorced women who don't remarry within a year of their divorces never remarry
D) children never benefit from divorce

Question 36

"Child minders," who work in state-funded day care centers, are found in __________.

A) France
B) Italy
C) Japan
D) Switzerland

Question 37

Sonia is concerned that the American family is in disarray. She is concerned that people are marrying less, cohabitating more, and forgoing committed relationships in favor of serial ones. Sonia's concerns best align with those of the __________ of family change.

A) family decline perspective
B) economic restructuring perspective
C) gender restructuring perspective
D) family ties perspective

Question 38

"Man-cession" refers to a(n) __________.

A) demographic shift resulting in women having fewer opportunities to find romantic partners
B) economic shift resulting in more men than women losing their jobs
C) economic shift resulting in reductions in men's contributions to care work in the home
D) cultural shift resulting in more men than women choosing not to marry

Question 39

Which social class, according to researcher Annette Lareau, is most likely to engage in "concerted cultivation"?

A) the middle class
B) the working class
C) the working poor
D) the underclass

Question 40

Sweden's "use it or lose it" paid parental leave policy encourages greater participation of fathers in caring for newborn children by __________.

A) disallowing fathers to transfer their paid leave days to their female partners
B) giving fathers more days of paid leave than mothers
C) disallowing paid leave for parents of adopted children
D) rewarding fathers with cash incentives to leave employment altogether

Question 41

Which of the following families would be included in the U.S. Census Bureau's definition of family?

A) a married couple without children
B) a gay couple, unable to get married
C) an unmarried lesbian couple with children
D) a committed but unmarried heterosexual couple

Question 42

How would you maximize the benefits of the life stage between adolescence and adulthood that sociologists refer to as "delayed adulthood"?

Question 43

Sociologists define care work as __________.

A) essential to a household's survival
B) detrimental to the efficient functioning of a family
C) a mother's duty
D) conducted best outside the home

Question 44

What are the criticisms of the family decline perspective?

Question 45

Kristen is an unmarried low-income mother, whereas Janelle is a middle-class single mother by choice. What does the sociological research indicate regarding mothers from these different backgrounds?

A) Low-income single women are more likely to regret becoming mothers than middle- class women.
B) Middle-income single women are more likely to regret becoming mothers than low-income women, even if their pregnancies were by choice.
C) Single mothers value motherhood and do not want to miss out on the experience just because suitable partners are lacking.
D) Single mothers are more likely to regret their decisions to become parents than their married counterparts.

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of "fictive kin"?

A) a family friend who your son calls "uncle"
B) your children's great-grandmother, who they never met
C) your daughter's step-brother-in-law
D) the family dog

Question 47

When sociologists argue that marriage has been deinstitutionalized, they mean that __________.

A) there is a wide array of alternatives to traditional marriage
B) religion has been removed from the core of marriage
C) family values are no longer associated with marriage
D) traditional marriage is on the rise

Question 48

How does the United States compare with other countries in terms of social policies that support families and how could our government modify its policies in order to benefit diverse family forms?

Question 49

Dana was a stay-at-home mother until her recent divorce. She went back into the paid workforce to provide for her child. She loves her job but is concerned that she is not at home to spend more time with her child. Should Dana be worried about this?

A) Yes, because children fare better emotionally with a stay-at-home mother.
B) Yes, because children fare better academically with a stay-at-home mother.
C) No, because if a mother is happy with her job, she will provide better care for her children.
D) No, because parents are increasingly relying on schools to care for the emotional and academic needs of their children.

Question 50

How could a couple minimize the consequences of the second shift?

Question 51

Because the U.S. Census Bureau's definition of family explicitly ___________, many people disagree with it.

A) includes married couples with children
B) excludes married couples without children
C) excludes unmarried couples
D) includes gay couples

Question 52

Sociological research on growing up with same-sex parents demonstrates __________.

A) there are no consequential effects
B) these children are likely to experience gender-deviance
C) that children will fare worse than those in other family types
D) that stereotypes about gay families are true

Question 53

Lacey is a part-time college student and a part-time pharmacy technician. She is not in any hurry to graduate from college because she thinks it will be difficult to find full-time employment. She wants to travel and enjoy being young. Sociologists would likely refer to Lacey's stage of development as __________.

A) an age of anxiety
B) delayed adulthood
C) adult adolescence
D) pre-preadulthood